Epidemiological trends and implications of breast cancer prevention and control in China and the world: an interpretation of the Global Cancer Statistics Report 2018–2022_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

WU Hao ,  LÜ Qing

Breast Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

LÜ Qing, Email: lqlq1963@163.com

Keywords：

breast cancer; morbidity; mortality; prevention; risk factor; guide interpretation

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.202407031

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To summarize the burden and epidemiological trends of global breast cancer and China’s breast cancer according to the 2018, 2020 and 2022 versions of the global cancer statistics report jointly prepared by the International Cancer Research Institute of the World Health Organization and the American Cancer Society. Method The data of global and Chinese breast cancer in the 2018, 2020, 2022 edition of the Global Cancer Statistical Report were analyzed. Results In 2022, the global new breast cancer was estimated to be about 2.309 million, ranking the second. The crude incidence rate of breast cancer was 54.1 per 100 000, and the age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 46.8 per 100 000. In 2022, the global breast cancer death would be about 666 000, ranking the fourth, with the crude mortality rate of 11.3 per 100 000, age standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was 12.6 per 100 000. The incidence rate and mortality rate of breast cancer vary greatly between regions/countries, and were related to the human development index; the crude incidence rate was high in economically developed regions, and the crude mortality rate was relatively increasing, but the ASMR was low. In economically underdeveloped areas, the crude incidence rate was relatively low, and the crude mortality rate was relatively decreasing, but ASMR was high. In 2022, the number of breast cancer patients in China would be 357 000, ranking the fourth, with a crude incidence rate of 51.7 per 100 000 and an ASIR of 33.0 per 100 000. In 2022, there would be about 75 000 deaths from breast cancer in China, ranking the seventh, with a crude mortality rate of 10.9 per 100 000 and an ASMR of 6.1 per 100 000. From 2018 to 2022, the incidence rate and mortality rate of breast cancer in China show a downward trend. Conclusions Both the world and China are facing a severe burden of breast cancer, and breast cancer prevention and treatment has a long way to go.

Citation： WU Hao, LÜ Qing. Epidemiological trends and implications of breast cancer prevention and control in China and the world: an interpretation of the Global Cancer Statistics Report 2018–2022. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2024, 31(7): 796-802. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.202407031 Copy

1.	Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin, 2024, 74(3): 229-263.
2.	Lei S, Zheng R, Zhang S, et al. Global patterns of breast cancer incidence and mortality: a population-based cancer registry data analysis from 2000 to 2020. Cancer Commun (Lond), 2021, 41(11): 1183-1194.
3.	Katsura C, Ogunmwonyi I, Kankam HK, et al. Breast cancer: presentation, investigation and management. Br J Hosp Med (Lond), 2022, 83(2): 1-7.
4.	Kolak A, Kamińska M, Sygit K, et al. Primary and secondary prevention of breast cancer. Ann Agric Environ Med, 2017, 24(4): 549-553.
5.	Michaels E, Worthington RO, Rusiecki J. Breast cancer: risk assessment, screening, and primary prevention. Med Clin North Am, 2023, 107(2): 271-284.
6.	Britt KL, Cuzick J, Phillips KA. Key steps for effective breast cancer prevention. Nat Rev Cancer, 2020, 20(8): 417-436.
7.	Bevers TB, Helvie M, Bonaccio E, et al. Breast cancer screening and diagnosis, version 3. 2018, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2018, 16(11): 1362-1389.
8.	Benitez Fuentes JD, Morgan E, de Luna Aguilar A, et al. Global stage distribution of breast cancer at diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol, 2024, 10(1): 71-78.
9.	Wang X, Wang C, Guan J, et al. Progress of breast cancer basic research in China. Int J Biol Sci, 2021, 17(8): 2069-2079.
10.	陈万青, 李霓, 石菊芳, 等. 中国城市癌症早诊早治项目进展. 中国肿瘤, 2019, 28(1): 23-25.
11.	黄静, 杨湘红, 刘爱, 等. 农村地区妇女“两癌筛查”项目实施中的问题与对策. 中国全科医学, 2020, 23(13): 1680-1686.
12.	Harbeck N, Penault-Llorca F, Cortes J, et al. Breast cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 2019, 5(1): 66. doi: 10.1038/s41572-019-0111-2.
13.	Nguyen TL, Li S, Dite GS, et al. Interval breast cancer risk associations with breast density, family history and breast tissue aging. Int J Cancer, 2020, 147(2): 375-382.
14.	Pfeiffer RM, Webb-Vargas Y, Wheeler W, et al. Proportion of U. S. trends in breast cancer incidence attributable to long-term changes in risk factor distributions. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2018, 27(10): 1214-1222.
15.	Rudel RA, Fenton SE, Ackerman JM, et al. Environmental exposures and mammary gland development: state of the science, public health implications, and research recommendations. Environ Health Perspect, 2011, 119(8): 1053-1061.
16.	Terry MB, Colditz GA. Epidemiology and risk factors for breast cancer: 21st century advances, gaps to address through interdisciplinary science. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med, 2023, 13(9): a041317. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041317.
17.	Vaz-Luis I, Partridge AH. Exogenous reproductive hormone use in breast cancer survivors and previvors. Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 2018, 15(4): 249-261.
18.	Tao X, Li T, Gandomkar Z, et al. Incidence, mortality, survival, and disease burden of breast cancer in China compared to other developed countries. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol, 2023, 19(6): 645-654.
19.	Fan L, Strasser-Weippl K, Li JJ, et al. Breast cancer in China. Lancet Oncol, 2014, 15(7): e279-e289.
20.	赫捷, 陈万青, 李霓, 等. 中国女性乳腺癌筛查与早诊早治指南 (2021, 北京). 中国肿瘤, 2021, 30(3): 161-191.
21.	Jing S, Zhang A, Chen Y, et al. Mindfulness-based interventions for breast cancer patients in China across outcome domains: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the Chinese literature. Support Care Cancer, 2021, 29(10): 5611-5621.
22.	Kobayashi S, Sugiura H, Ando Y, et al. Reproductive history and breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer, 2012, 19(4): 302-308.
23.	Nounu A, Kar SP, Relton CL, et al. Sex steroid hormones and risk of breast cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Breast Cancer Res, 2022, 24(1): 66. doi: 10.1186/s13058-022-01553-9.
24.	Rojas K, Stuckey A. Breast cancer epidemiology and risk factors. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 2016, 59(4): 651-672.
25.	Russo J. Reproductive history and breast cancer prevention. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig, 2016, 27(1): 3-10.
26.	Yuan XM, Wang N, Ouyang T, et al. Current status of diagnosis and treatment of primary breast cancer in beijing, 2008. Chin J Cancer Res, 2011, 23(1): 38-42.
27.	包鹤龄, 王临虹, 王丽敏, 等. 中国2013年35~69岁女性人群子宫颈癌和乳腺癌筛查率及影响因素研究. 中华流行病学杂志, 2018, 39(2): 208-212.
28.	Breen N, Gentleman JF, Schiller JS. Update on mammography trends: comparisons of rates in 2000, 2005, and 2008. Cancer, 2011, 117(10): 2209-2218.
29.	莫淼, 袁晶, 周昌明, 等. 以大型单中心的医院登记为基础的3. 5万例乳腺癌患者长期生存报告. 中国癌症杂志, 2020, 30(2): 90-97.
30.	瞿亚军, 吕青. 我国乳腺癌预防若干问题的思考. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2020, 27(11): 1334-1339.
31.	Allemani C, Matsuda T, Di Carlo V, et al. Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival 2000-14 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual records for 37 513 025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries. Lancet, 2018, 391(10125): 1023-1075.
32.	Loibl S, Poortmans P, Morrow M, et al. Breast cancer. Lancet, 2021, 397(10286): 1750-1769.
33.	Ren W, Chen M, Qiao Y, et al. Global guidelines for breast cancer screening: a systematic review. Breast, 2022, 64: 85-99.
34.	Li J, Jiang Z. Antibody drug conjugates in breast cancer in China: highlights, challenges, and prospects. Cancer, 2024, 130(S8): 1371-1377.
35.	曹毛毛, 陈万青. 中国恶性肿瘤流行情况及防控现状. 中国肿瘤临床, 2019, 46(3): 145-149.
36.	吕青, 瞿亚军. 乳腺良性疾病与乳腺癌风险. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2020, 27(11): 1329-1333.

1. Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin, 2024, 74(3): 229-263.
2. Lei S, Zheng R, Zhang S, et al. Global patterns of breast cancer incidence and mortality: a population-based cancer registry data analysis from 2000 to 2020. Cancer Commun (Lond), 2021, 41(11): 1183-1194.
3. Katsura C, Ogunmwonyi I, Kankam HK, et al. Breast cancer: presentation, investigation and management. Br J Hosp Med (Lond), 2022, 83(2): 1-7.
4. Kolak A, Kamińska M, Sygit K, et al. Primary and secondary prevention of breast cancer. Ann Agric Environ Med, 2017, 24(4): 549-553.
5. Michaels E, Worthington RO, Rusiecki J. Breast cancer: risk assessment, screening, and primary prevention. Med Clin North Am, 2023, 107(2): 271-284.
6. Britt KL, Cuzick J, Phillips KA. Key steps for effective breast cancer prevention. Nat Rev Cancer, 2020, 20(8): 417-436.
7. Bevers TB, Helvie M, Bonaccio E, et al. Breast cancer screening and diagnosis, version 3. 2018, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2018, 16(11): 1362-1389.
8. Benitez Fuentes JD, Morgan E, de Luna Aguilar A, et al. Global stage distribution of breast cancer at diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol, 2024, 10(1): 71-78.
9. Wang X, Wang C, Guan J, et al. Progress of breast cancer basic research in China. Int J Biol Sci, 2021, 17(8): 2069-2079.
10. 陈万青, 李霓, 石菊芳, 等. 中国城市癌症早诊早治项目进展. 中国肿瘤, 2019, 28(1): 23-25.
11. 黄静, 杨湘红, 刘爱, 等. 农村地区妇女“两癌筛查”项目实施中的问题与对策. 中国全科医学, 2020, 23(13): 1680-1686.
12. Harbeck N, Penault-Llorca F, Cortes J, et al. Breast cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 2019, 5(1): 66. doi: 10.1038/s41572-019-0111-2.
13. Nguyen TL, Li S, Dite GS, et al. Interval breast cancer risk associations with breast density, family history and breast tissue aging. Int J Cancer, 2020, 147(2): 375-382.
14. Pfeiffer RM, Webb-Vargas Y, Wheeler W, et al. Proportion of U. S. trends in breast cancer incidence attributable to long-term changes in risk factor distributions. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2018, 27(10): 1214-1222.
15. Rudel RA, Fenton SE, Ackerman JM, et al. Environmental exposures and mammary gland development: state of the science, public health implications, and research recommendations. Environ Health Perspect, 2011, 119(8): 1053-1061.
16. Terry MB, Colditz GA. Epidemiology and risk factors for breast cancer: 21st century advances, gaps to address through interdisciplinary science. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med, 2023, 13(9): a041317. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041317.
17. Vaz-Luis I, Partridge AH. Exogenous reproductive hormone use in breast cancer survivors and previvors. Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 2018, 15(4): 249-261.
18. Tao X, Li T, Gandomkar Z, et al. Incidence, mortality, survival, and disease burden of breast cancer in China compared to other developed countries. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol, 2023, 19(6): 645-654.
19. Fan L, Strasser-Weippl K, Li JJ, et al. Breast cancer in China. Lancet Oncol, 2014, 15(7): e279-e289.
20. 赫捷, 陈万青, 李霓, 等. 中国女性乳腺癌筛查与早诊早治指南 (2021, 北京). 中国肿瘤, 2021, 30(3): 161-191.
21. Jing S, Zhang A, Chen Y, et al. Mindfulness-based interventions for breast cancer patients in China across outcome domains: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the Chinese literature. Support Care Cancer, 2021, 29(10): 5611-5621.
22. Kobayashi S, Sugiura H, Ando Y, et al. Reproductive history and breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer, 2012, 19(4): 302-308.
23. Nounu A, Kar SP, Relton CL, et al. Sex steroid hormones and risk of breast cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Breast Cancer Res, 2022, 24(1): 66. doi: 10.1186/s13058-022-01553-9.
24. Rojas K, Stuckey A. Breast cancer epidemiology and risk factors. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 2016, 59(4): 651-672.
25. Russo J. Reproductive history and breast cancer prevention. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig, 2016, 27(1): 3-10.
26. Yuan XM, Wang N, Ouyang T, et al. Current status of diagnosis and treatment of primary breast cancer in beijing, 2008. Chin J Cancer Res, 2011, 23(1): 38-42.
27. 包鹤龄, 王临虹, 王丽敏, 等. 中国2013年35~69岁女性人群子宫颈癌和乳腺癌筛查率及影响因素研究. 中华流行病学杂志, 2018, 39(2): 208-212.
28. Breen N, Gentleman JF, Schiller JS. Update on mammography trends: comparisons of rates in 2000, 2005, and 2008. Cancer, 2011, 117(10): 2209-2218.
29. 莫淼, 袁晶, 周昌明, 等. 以大型单中心的医院登记为基础的3. 5万例乳腺癌患者长期生存报告. 中国癌症杂志, 2020, 30(2): 90-97.
30. 瞿亚军, 吕青. 我国乳腺癌预防若干问题的思考. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2020, 27(11): 1334-1339.
31. Allemani C, Matsuda T, Di Carlo V, et al. Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival 2000-14 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual records for 37 513 025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries. Lancet, 2018, 391(10125): 1023-1075.
32. Loibl S, Poortmans P, Morrow M, et al. Breast cancer. Lancet, 2021, 397(10286): 1750-1769.
33. Ren W, Chen M, Qiao Y, et al. Global guidelines for breast cancer screening: a systematic review. Breast, 2022, 64: 85-99.
34. Li J, Jiang Z. Antibody drug conjugates in breast cancer in China: highlights, challenges, and prospects. Cancer, 2024, 130(S8): 1371-1377.
35. 曹毛毛, 陈万青. 中国恶性肿瘤流行情况及防控现状. 中国肿瘤临床, 2019, 46(3): 145-149.
36. 吕青, 瞿亚军. 乳腺良性疾病与乳腺癌风险. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2020, 27(11): 1329-1333.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Epidemiological trends and implications of breast cancer prevention and control in China and the world: an interpretation of the Global Cancer Statistics Report 2018–2022

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