Hepatic echinococcosis: Novel detection methods_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

HOU Shengxiang ¹ , HOU Zonghao ¹ ,  DENG Manjun ^1,2 , WANG Haijiu ^1,3 ,  FAN Haining ^1,3

1. Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, P. R. China;
2. Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, P. R. China;
3. Qinghai Research Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Xining 810001, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

DENG Manjun, Email: surgeon23@163.com; FAN Haining, Email: fanhaining@medmail.com.cn

Keywords：

hepatic echinococcosis; liver hydatid disease; detection techniques; diagnosis

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.202408121

Video：

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We comprehensively outlined the application of imaging, immunology, and molecular biology techniques in the detection of hepatic echinococcosis (HE). Imaging techniques, represented by ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography, not only provided some critical information about the morphology, location, and characteristics of HE lesions, but also could be combined with artificial intelligence technologies to enhance the diagnostic capabilities and expand the application scenarios. These techniques were essential tools for the diagnosis, screening, and prevention of HE. Immunological techniques, such as the indirect hemagglutination assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblotting, and chemiluminescence immunoassay, aided in diagnosis and differential diagnosis by detecting the specific antibodies. Molecular biology techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction and high-throughput sequencing, provided a strong support for the diagnosis and pathogen identification of HE due to their high sensitivity and specificity. Based on these three major technologies, more sensitive, specific, convenient, and cost-effective detection techniques had emerged, offering more options for the detection and control of HE. Additionally, constructing comprehensive diagnostic models by combining the advantages of different detection technologies will aid to improve the diagnostic efficiency of HE.

Citation： HOU Shengxiang, HOU Zonghao, DENG Manjun, WANG Haijiu, FAN Haining. Hepatic echinococcosis: Novel detection methods. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2024, 31(10): 1160-1169. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.202408121 Copy

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1. He W, Wang LY, Yu WJ, et al. Prevalence and spatial distribution patterns of human echinococcosis at the township level in Sichuan Province, China. Infect Dis Poverty, 2021, 10(1): 82. doi: 10.1186/s40249-021-00862-z.
2. Piarroux M, Piarroux R, Giorgi R, et al. Clinical features and evolution of alveolar echinococcosis in France from 1982 to 2007: results of a survey in 387 patients. J Hepatol, 2011, 55(5): 1025-1033.
3. Gharbi HA, Hassine W, Brauner MW, et al. Ultrasound examination of the hydatic liver. Radiology, 1981, 139(2): 459-463.
4. Kern P, Wen H, Sato N, et al. WHO classification of alveolar echinococcosis: principles and application. Parasitol Int, 2006, 55 Suppl: S283-S287. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2005.11.041.
5. Stepanova YA, Goncharov AB, Zhao AV. Ultrasonic diagnostics at the stages of liver echinococcois treatment. J Experiment Clin Surg, 2022, 15(3): 244-253.
6. Beissert M, Delorme S, Mutze S, et al. Comparison of B-mode and conventional colour/power Doppler ultrasound, contrast-enhanced Doppler ultrasound and spiral CT in the diagnosis of focal lesions of the liver: Results of a multicentre study. Ultraschall Med, 2002, 23(4): 245-250.
7. Kim TH, Yoon JH, Lee JM. Emerging role of hepatobiliary magnetic resonance contrast media and contrast-enhanced ultrasound for noninvasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: emphasis on recent updates in major guidelines. Korean J Radiol, 2019, 20(6): 863-879.
8. 王晶晶. 超声造影在肝泡型包虫病微波消融治疗效果评价中的研究. 西宁: 青海大学, 2021.
9. Tao S, Qin Z, Hao W, et al. Usefulness of gray-scale contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (SonoVue®) in diagnosing hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Ultrasound Med Biol, 2011, 37(7): 1024-1028.
10. Cai D, Li Y, Jiang Y, et al. The role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Medicine (Baltimore), 2019, 98(5): e14325. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000014325.
11. 才让卓玛, 南嘉格列, 李晓君, 等. 常规彩超与超声造影诊断肝泡型包虫病效能比较. 实用肝脏病杂志, 2018, 21(2): 305-306.
12. 张旭辉, 索朗拉姆, 邱甲军, 等. 超声影像组学在肝包虫病分型中的应用研究. 临床超声医学杂志, 2024, 26(5): 353-359.
13. Findeisen H, Westhoff C, Trenker C, et al. Pulmonary cystic echinococcosis in contrast-enhanced ultrasound—a case report. J Ultrason, 2023, 23(92): 39-42.
14. Yangdan CR, Wang C, Zhang LQ, et al. Recent advances in ultrasound in the diagnosis and evaluation of the activity of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Parasitol Res, 2021, 120(9): 3077-3082.
15. Torgerson PR, Keller K, Magnotta M, et al. The global burden of alveolar echinococcosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2010, 4(6): e722. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000722.
16. Liu L, Guo B, Li W, et al. Geographic distribution of echinococcosis in Tibetan region of Sichuan Province, China. Infect Dis Poverty, 2018, 7(1): 104. doi: 10.1186/s40249-018-0486-4.
17. Wang Q, Huang Y, Huang L, et al. Review of risk factors for human echinococcosis prevalence on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China: a prospective for control options. Infect Dis Poverty, 2014, 3(1): 3. doi: 10.1186/2049-9957-3-3.
18. Li T, Chen X, Zhen R, et al. Widespread co-endemicity of human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, northwest Sichuan/southeast Qinghai, China. Acta Trop, 2010, 113(3): 248-256.
19. Huang D, Li R, Qiu J, et al. Geographical environment factors and risk mapping of human cystic echinococcosis in Western China. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2018, 15(8): 1729. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15081729.
20. Yang YF, Yangdan CR, Jiang TA, et al. Ultrasound identification of hepatic echinococcosis using a deep convolutional neural network model in China: a retrospective, large-scale, multicentre, diagnostic accuracy study. Lancet Digit Health, 2023, 5(8): e503-e514. doi: 10.1016/S2589-7500(23)00091-2.
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