Citation: HONG Xueling, LI Yongxia, AI Li, LIU Zhijuan, ZHOU Fan. 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停合并2型糖尿病的机制. Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2024, 23(9): 666-672. doi: 10.7507/1671-6205.202310072 Copy
1. | 王君, 郑小兵, 张希龙, 等. 心血管病患者中阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的临床特征及危险因素分析. 临床肺科杂志, 2022, 27(6): 817-821. |
2. | Iturriaga R. Carotid body contribution to the physio‐pathological consequences of intermittent hypoxia: role of nitro‐oxidative stress and inflammation. J Physiol, 2023: JP284112. |
3. | 赵莎, 雷璇, 熊佳敏, 等. 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与炎症相关性研究进展. 中国比较医学杂志, 2022, 32(11): 101-106. |
4. | Roden M, Shulman GI. The integrative biology of type 2 diabetes. Nature, 2019, 576(7785): 51-60. |
5. | Shen H, Zhao J, Liu Y, et al. Interactions between and Shared Molecular Mechanisms of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. J Diabetes Res, 2018, 2018: 1-15. |
6. | Faria A, Laher I, Fasipe B, et al. Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Current Treatments on the Developmentand Progression of Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev, 2022, 18(9): e160222201169. |
7. | Alterki A, Abu-Farha M, Al Shawaf E, et al. Investigating the Relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Inflammation and Cardio-Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24(7): 6807. |
8. | Khaire SS, Gada JV, Utpat KV, et al. A study of glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome using a continuous glucose monitoring system. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol, 2020, 6(1): 10. |
9. | Pugliese G, Barrea L, Laudisio D, et al. Sleep Apnea, Obesity, and Disturbed Glucose Homeostasis: Epidemiologic Evidence, Biologic Insights, and Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Obes Rep, 2020, 9(1): 30-38. |
10. | Marathe PH, Gao HX, Close KL. American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes 2017. J Diabetes, 2017, 9(4): 320-324. |
11. | Butt A M, Syed U, Arshad A. Predictive Value of Clinical and Questionnaire Based Screening Tools of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cureus, 2021, 13(9): e18009. |
12. | Ota H, Fujita Y, Yamauchi M, et al. Relationship Between Intermittent Hypoxia and Type 2 Diabetes in Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci, 2019, 20(19): 4756. |
13. | Kurinami N, Sugiyama S, Ijima H, et al. Clinical usefulness of the body muscle-to-fat ratio for screening obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2018, 143: 134-139. |
14. | Li M, Li X, Lu Y. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Metabolic Diseases. Endocrinology, 2018, 159(7): 2670-2675. |
15. | Gabryelska A, Karuga F F, Szmyd B, et al. HIF-1α as a Mediator of Insulin Resistance, T2DM, and Its Complications: Potential Links With Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Front Physiol, 2020, 11: 1035. |
16. | Prabhakar NR, Peng YJ, Nanduri J. Hypoxia-inducible factors and obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Invest, 2020, 130(10): 5042-5051. |
17. | Nagao A, Kobayashi M, Koyasu S, et al. HIF-1-Dependent Reprogramming of Glucose Metabolic Pathway of Cancer Cells and Its Therapeutic Significance. Int J Mol Sci, 2019, 20(2): 238. |
18. | Sacramento JF, Ribeiro MJ, Rodrigues T, et al. Insulin resistance is associated with tissue-specific regulation of HIF-1α and HIF-2α during mild chronic intermittent hypoxia. Respir Physiol Neurobiol, 2016, 228: 30-38. |
19. | Carlessi R, Chen Y, Rowlands J, et al. GLP-1 receptor signalling promotes β-cell glucose metabolism via mTOR-dependent HIF-1α activation. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 2661. |
20. | Maniaci A, Iannella G, Cocuzza S, et al. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Biomarker Expression in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients. J Clin Med, 2021, 10(2): 277. |
21. | Orrù G, Storari M, Scano A, et al. Obstructive Sleep Apnea, oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction-An overview of predictive laboratory biomarkers. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2020, 24(12): 6939-6948. |
22. | Kargar B, Zamanian Z, Hosseinabadi MB, et al. Understanding the role of oxidative stress in the incidence of metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea. BMC Endocr Disord, 2021, 21(1): 77. |
23. | 杨丽娟, 汪鸿. OSAS合并心脑血管病的炎性机制及研究的进展. 心血管康复医学杂志, 2022, 31(4): 524-527. |
24. | Pau MC, Zinellu A, Mangoni A A, et al. Evaluation of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). J Clin Med, 2023, 12(12): 3935. |
25. | 张士珑, 卢海燕. 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与NF-κB、TNF-α和IL-6的关系. 北京口腔医学, 2018, 26(2): 118-120. |
26. | Zhang J, Tian L, Guo L. Changes of aldosterone levels in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome before and after treatment with continuous positive airway pressure. J Int Med Res, 2019, 47(10): 4723-4733. |
27. | Labarca G, Gower J, Lamperti L, et al. Chronic intermittent hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnea: a narrative review from pathophysiological pathways to a precision clinical approach. Sleep Breath, 2020, 24(2): 751-760. |
28. | Ma M, Liu H, Yu J, et al. Triglyceride is independently correlated with insulin resistance and islet beta cell function: a study in population with different glucose and lipid metabolism states. Lipids Health Dis, 2020, 19(1): 121. |
29. | Anusree SS. Insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by TNF-α is improved by punicic acid through upregulation of insulin signalling pathway and endocrine function, and downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Biochimie, 2018, 146: 79-86. |
30. | Masenga SK, Kabwe LS, Chakulya M, et al. Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24(9): 7898. |
31. | Dludla PV, Mabhida S E, Ziqubu K, et al. Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: Implications of inflammation and oxidative stress. World J Diabetes, 2023, 14(3): 130-146. |
32. | Cunha-Guimaraes J P, Guarino M P, Timóteo A T, et al. Carotid body chemosensitivity: early biomarker of dysmetabolism in humans. Eur J Endocrinol, 2020, 182(6): 549-557. |
33. | Roder F, Strotmann J, Fox H, et al. Interactions of Sleep Apnea, the Autonomic Nervous System, and Its Impact on Cardiac Arrhythmias. Curr Sleep Med Rep, 2018, 4(2): 160-169. |
34. | Carpentier AC. 100 th anniversary of the discovery of insulin perspective: insulin and adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2021, 320(4): E653-E670. |
35. | Shobatake R, Ota H, Takahashi N, et al. The Impact of Intermittent Hypoxia on Metabolism and Cognition. Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(21): 12957. |
36. | Protasiewicz Timofticiuc D. Stop-Bang Questionnaire – an Easy Tool for Identifying Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Acta Endocrinol (Buchar), 2022, 18(1): 49-57. |
37. | Koh HCE, Van Vliet S, Cao C, et al. Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on glucose metabolism. Eur J Endocrinol, 2022, 186(4): 457-467. |
38. | Foster G D, Borradaile KE, Sanders MH, et al. A Randomized Study on the Effect of Weight Loss on Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Arch Intern Med, 2009, 169(17): 1619-1626. |
39. | Or Koca A, İriz A, Hazır B, et al. Relationships of orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones with body fat distribution in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 2023, 280(5): 2445-2452. |
40. | Yang Q, Xu H, Zhang H, et al. Serum triglyceride glucose index is a valuable predictor for visceral obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2023, 22(1): 98. |
41. | Perger E, Taranto-Montemurro L. Upper airway muscles: influence on obstructive sleep apnoea pathophysiology and pharmacological and technical treatment options. Curr Opin Pulm Med, 2021, 27(6): 505-513. |
42. | Wei Z, Chen Y, Upender R P. Sleep Disturbance and Metabolic Dysfunction: The Roles of Adipokines. Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(3): 1706. |
43. | Gasmi A, Noor S, Menzel A, et al. Obesity and Insulin Resistance: Associations with Chronic Inflammation, Genetic and Epigenetic Factors. Curr Med Chem, 2021, 28(4): 800-826. |
44. | Duan Y, Zhang S, Li Y, et al. Potential regulatory role of miRNA and mRNA link to metabolism affected by chronic intermittent hypoxia. Front Genet, 2022, 13: 963184. |
45. | D'Angelo GF, De Mello AA F, Schorr F, et al. Muscle and visceral fat infiltration: A potential mechanism to explain the worsening of obstructive sleep apnea with age. Sleep Med, 2023, 104: 42-48. |
46. | Ma B, Li Y, Wang X, et al. Association Between Abdominal Adipose Tissue Distribution and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Chinese Obese Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2022, 13: 847324. |
47. | Huang X, Huang X, Guo H, et al. Intermittent hypoxia-induced METTL3 downregulation facilitates MGLL-mediated lipolysis of adipocytes in OSAS. Cell Death Discov, 2022, 8(1): 352. |
48. | Musutova M, Weiszenstein M, Koc M, et al. Intermittent Hypoxia Stimulates Lipolysis, But Inhibits Differentiation and De Novo Lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells. Metab Syndr Relat Disord, 2020, 18(3): 146-153. |
49. | Rehman K, Akash MSH. Mechanism of Generation of Oxidative Stress and Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: How Are They Interlinked?J Cell Biochem, 2017, 118(11): 3577-3585. |
50. | Acosta-Montaño P, García-González V. Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids in Pancreatic Beta Cell Metabolism, Implications in Homeostasis. Nutrients, 2018, 10(4): 393. |
51. | Yan G, Li F, Elia C, et al. Association of lipid accumulation product trajectories with 5-year incidence of type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults: a cohort study. Nutr Metab (Lond), 2019, 16: 72. |
52. | Xu X, Xu J. Effects of different obesity-related adipokines on the occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea. Endocr J, 2020, 67(5): 485-500. |
53. | Kozu Y, Kurosawa Y, Yamada S, et al. Cluster analysis identifies a pathophysiologically distinct subpopulation with increased serum leptin levels and severe obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath, 2021, 25(2): 767-776. |
54. | Isaksen VT, Larsen MA, Goll R, et al. Correlations between modest weight loss and leptin to adiponectin ratio, insulin and leptin resensitization in a small cohort of Norwegian individuals with obesity. Endocr Metab Sci, 2023, 12: 100134. |
55. | Buonfiglio D, Tchio C, Furigo I, et al. Removing melatonin receptor type 1 signaling leads to selective leptin resistance in the arcuate nucleus. J Pineal Res, 2019, 67(2): e12580. |
56. | Catalina MO S, Redondo PC, Granados MP, et al. New Insights into Adipokines as Potential Biomarkers for Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Med Chem, 2019, 26(22): 4119-4144. |
57. | Wei Z, Chen Y, Upender RP. Adipokines in Sleep Disturbance and Metabolic Dysfunction: Insights from Network Analysis. Clocks Sleep, 2022, 4(3): 321-331. |
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- 1. 王君, 郑小兵, 张希龙, 等. 心血管病患者中阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的临床特征及危险因素分析. 临床肺科杂志, 2022, 27(6): 817-821.
- 2. Iturriaga R. Carotid body contribution to the physio‐pathological consequences of intermittent hypoxia: role of nitro‐oxidative stress and inflammation. J Physiol, 2023: JP284112.
- 3. 赵莎, 雷璇, 熊佳敏, 等. 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与炎症相关性研究进展. 中国比较医学杂志, 2022, 32(11): 101-106.
- 4. Roden M, Shulman GI. The integrative biology of type 2 diabetes. Nature, 2019, 576(7785): 51-60.
- 5. Shen H, Zhao J, Liu Y, et al. Interactions between and Shared Molecular Mechanisms of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. J Diabetes Res, 2018, 2018: 1-15.
- 6. Faria A, Laher I, Fasipe B, et al. Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Current Treatments on the Developmentand Progression of Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev, 2022, 18(9): e160222201169.
- 7. Alterki A, Abu-Farha M, Al Shawaf E, et al. Investigating the Relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Inflammation and Cardio-Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24(7): 6807.
- 8. Khaire SS, Gada JV, Utpat KV, et al. A study of glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome using a continuous glucose monitoring system. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol, 2020, 6(1): 10.
- 9. Pugliese G, Barrea L, Laudisio D, et al. Sleep Apnea, Obesity, and Disturbed Glucose Homeostasis: Epidemiologic Evidence, Biologic Insights, and Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Obes Rep, 2020, 9(1): 30-38.
- 10. Marathe PH, Gao HX, Close KL. American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes 2017. J Diabetes, 2017, 9(4): 320-324.
- 11. Butt A M, Syed U, Arshad A. Predictive Value of Clinical and Questionnaire Based Screening Tools of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cureus, 2021, 13(9): e18009.
- 12. Ota H, Fujita Y, Yamauchi M, et al. Relationship Between Intermittent Hypoxia and Type 2 Diabetes in Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci, 2019, 20(19): 4756.
- 13. Kurinami N, Sugiyama S, Ijima H, et al. Clinical usefulness of the body muscle-to-fat ratio for screening obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2018, 143: 134-139.
- 14. Li M, Li X, Lu Y. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Metabolic Diseases. Endocrinology, 2018, 159(7): 2670-2675.
- 15. Gabryelska A, Karuga F F, Szmyd B, et al. HIF-1α as a Mediator of Insulin Resistance, T2DM, and Its Complications: Potential Links With Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Front Physiol, 2020, 11: 1035.
- 16. Prabhakar NR, Peng YJ, Nanduri J. Hypoxia-inducible factors and obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Invest, 2020, 130(10): 5042-5051.
- 17. Nagao A, Kobayashi M, Koyasu S, et al. HIF-1-Dependent Reprogramming of Glucose Metabolic Pathway of Cancer Cells and Its Therapeutic Significance. Int J Mol Sci, 2019, 20(2): 238.
- 18. Sacramento JF, Ribeiro MJ, Rodrigues T, et al. Insulin resistance is associated with tissue-specific regulation of HIF-1α and HIF-2α during mild chronic intermittent hypoxia. Respir Physiol Neurobiol, 2016, 228: 30-38.
- 19. Carlessi R, Chen Y, Rowlands J, et al. GLP-1 receptor signalling promotes β-cell glucose metabolism via mTOR-dependent HIF-1α activation. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 2661.
- 20. Maniaci A, Iannella G, Cocuzza S, et al. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Biomarker Expression in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients. J Clin Med, 2021, 10(2): 277.
- 21. Orrù G, Storari M, Scano A, et al. Obstructive Sleep Apnea, oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction-An overview of predictive laboratory biomarkers. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2020, 24(12): 6939-6948.
- 22. Kargar B, Zamanian Z, Hosseinabadi MB, et al. Understanding the role of oxidative stress in the incidence of metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea. BMC Endocr Disord, 2021, 21(1): 77.
- 23. 杨丽娟, 汪鸿. OSAS合并心脑血管病的炎性机制及研究的进展. 心血管康复医学杂志, 2022, 31(4): 524-527.
- 24. Pau MC, Zinellu A, Mangoni A A, et al. Evaluation of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). J Clin Med, 2023, 12(12): 3935.
- 25. 张士珑, 卢海燕. 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与NF-κB、TNF-α和IL-6的关系. 北京口腔医学, 2018, 26(2): 118-120.
- 26. Zhang J, Tian L, Guo L. Changes of aldosterone levels in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome before and after treatment with continuous positive airway pressure. J Int Med Res, 2019, 47(10): 4723-4733.
- 27. Labarca G, Gower J, Lamperti L, et al. Chronic intermittent hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnea: a narrative review from pathophysiological pathways to a precision clinical approach. Sleep Breath, 2020, 24(2): 751-760.
- 28. Ma M, Liu H, Yu J, et al. Triglyceride is independently correlated with insulin resistance and islet beta cell function: a study in population with different glucose and lipid metabolism states. Lipids Health Dis, 2020, 19(1): 121.
- 29. Anusree SS. Insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by TNF-α is improved by punicic acid through upregulation of insulin signalling pathway and endocrine function, and downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Biochimie, 2018, 146: 79-86.
- 30. Masenga SK, Kabwe LS, Chakulya M, et al. Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24(9): 7898.
- 31. Dludla PV, Mabhida S E, Ziqubu K, et al. Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: Implications of inflammation and oxidative stress. World J Diabetes, 2023, 14(3): 130-146.
- 32. Cunha-Guimaraes J P, Guarino M P, Timóteo A T, et al. Carotid body chemosensitivity: early biomarker of dysmetabolism in humans. Eur J Endocrinol, 2020, 182(6): 549-557.
- 33. Roder F, Strotmann J, Fox H, et al. Interactions of Sleep Apnea, the Autonomic Nervous System, and Its Impact on Cardiac Arrhythmias. Curr Sleep Med Rep, 2018, 4(2): 160-169.
- 34. Carpentier AC. 100 th anniversary of the discovery of insulin perspective: insulin and adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2021, 320(4): E653-E670.
- 35. Shobatake R, Ota H, Takahashi N, et al. The Impact of Intermittent Hypoxia on Metabolism and Cognition. Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(21): 12957.
- 36. Protasiewicz Timofticiuc D. Stop-Bang Questionnaire – an Easy Tool for Identifying Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Acta Endocrinol (Buchar), 2022, 18(1): 49-57.
- 37. Koh HCE, Van Vliet S, Cao C, et al. Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on glucose metabolism. Eur J Endocrinol, 2022, 186(4): 457-467.
- 38. Foster G D, Borradaile KE, Sanders MH, et al. A Randomized Study on the Effect of Weight Loss on Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Arch Intern Med, 2009, 169(17): 1619-1626.
- 39. Or Koca A, İriz A, Hazır B, et al. Relationships of orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones with body fat distribution in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 2023, 280(5): 2445-2452.
- 40. Yang Q, Xu H, Zhang H, et al. Serum triglyceride glucose index is a valuable predictor for visceral obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2023, 22(1): 98.
- 41. Perger E, Taranto-Montemurro L. Upper airway muscles: influence on obstructive sleep apnoea pathophysiology and pharmacological and technical treatment options. Curr Opin Pulm Med, 2021, 27(6): 505-513.
- 42. Wei Z, Chen Y, Upender R P. Sleep Disturbance and Metabolic Dysfunction: The Roles of Adipokines. Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(3): 1706.
- 43. Gasmi A, Noor S, Menzel A, et al. Obesity and Insulin Resistance: Associations with Chronic Inflammation, Genetic and Epigenetic Factors. Curr Med Chem, 2021, 28(4): 800-826.
- 44. Duan Y, Zhang S, Li Y, et al. Potential regulatory role of miRNA and mRNA link to metabolism affected by chronic intermittent hypoxia. Front Genet, 2022, 13: 963184.
- 45. D'Angelo GF, De Mello AA F, Schorr F, et al. Muscle and visceral fat infiltration: A potential mechanism to explain the worsening of obstructive sleep apnea with age. Sleep Med, 2023, 104: 42-48.
- 46. Ma B, Li Y, Wang X, et al. Association Between Abdominal Adipose Tissue Distribution and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Chinese Obese Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2022, 13: 847324.
- 47. Huang X, Huang X, Guo H, et al. Intermittent hypoxia-induced METTL3 downregulation facilitates MGLL-mediated lipolysis of adipocytes in OSAS. Cell Death Discov, 2022, 8(1): 352.
- 48. Musutova M, Weiszenstein M, Koc M, et al. Intermittent Hypoxia Stimulates Lipolysis, But Inhibits Differentiation and De Novo Lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells. Metab Syndr Relat Disord, 2020, 18(3): 146-153.
- 49. Rehman K, Akash MSH. Mechanism of Generation of Oxidative Stress and Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: How Are They Interlinked?J Cell Biochem, 2017, 118(11): 3577-3585.
- 50. Acosta-Montaño P, García-González V. Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids in Pancreatic Beta Cell Metabolism, Implications in Homeostasis. Nutrients, 2018, 10(4): 393.
- 51. Yan G, Li F, Elia C, et al. Association of lipid accumulation product trajectories with 5-year incidence of type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults: a cohort study. Nutr Metab (Lond), 2019, 16: 72.
- 52. Xu X, Xu J. Effects of different obesity-related adipokines on the occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea. Endocr J, 2020, 67(5): 485-500.
- 53. Kozu Y, Kurosawa Y, Yamada S, et al. Cluster analysis identifies a pathophysiologically distinct subpopulation with increased serum leptin levels and severe obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath, 2021, 25(2): 767-776.
- 54. Isaksen VT, Larsen MA, Goll R, et al. Correlations between modest weight loss and leptin to adiponectin ratio, insulin and leptin resensitization in a small cohort of Norwegian individuals with obesity. Endocr Metab Sci, 2023, 12: 100134.
- 55. Buonfiglio D, Tchio C, Furigo I, et al. Removing melatonin receptor type 1 signaling leads to selective leptin resistance in the arcuate nucleus. J Pineal Res, 2019, 67(2): e12580.
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