经鼻高流量氧疗在急性呼吸窘迫综合征中的应用_Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Authors：

宋修岩 ¹ , 秦浩 ^1,2 ,  张伟 ^1,2

1. ;
2. ;

Corresponding author：

张伟, Email: zhangweismmu@126.com

Keywords：

DOI：

10.7507/1671-6205.202405011

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Citation： 宋修岩, 秦浩, 张伟. 经鼻高流量氧疗在急性呼吸窘迫综合征中的应用. Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2024, 23(10): 745-751. doi: 10.7507/1671-6205.202405011 Copy

1.	Matthay M A, Arabi Y, Arroliga A C, et al. A New Global Definition of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2024, 209(1): 37-47.
2.	Fan E, Brodie D, Slutsky A S. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment. JAMA, 2018, 319(7): 698-710.
3.	Frat J-P, Thille A W, Mercat A, et al. High-Flow Oxygen through Nasal Cannula in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure. NEW ENGL J MED, 2015, 372(23): 2185-2196.
4.	Calligaro G L, Lalla U, Audley G, et al. The utility of high-flow nasal oxygen for severe COVID-19 pneumonia in a resource-constrained setting: A multi-centre prospective observational study. EClinicalMedicine, 2020, 28: 100570.
5.	Gershengorn H B, Hu Y, Chen J T, et al. The Impact of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Use on Patient Mortality and the Availability of Mechanical Ventilators in COVID-19. ANN AM THORAC SOC, 2021, 18(4): 623-631.
6.	Ranieri V M, Tonetti T, Navalesi P, et al. High-Flow Nasal Oxygen for Severe Hypoxemia: Oxygenation Response and Outcome in Patients with COVID-19. AM J RESP CRIT CARE, 2022, 205(4): 431-439.
7.	Nishimura M. High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy in Adults: Physiological Benefits, Indication, Clinical Benefits, and Adverse Effects. Respir Care, 2016, 61(4): 529-41.
8.	Papazian L, Corley A, Hess D, et al. Use of high-flow nasal cannula oxygenation in ICU adults: a narrative review. Intensive Care Med, 2016, 42(9): 1336-49.
9.	Moller W, Celik G, Feng S, et al. Nasal high flow clears anatomical dead space in upper airway models. J Appl Physiol (1985), 2015, 118(12): 1525-32.
10.	Dewan N A, Bell C W. Effect of low flow and high flow oxygen delivery on exercise tolerance and sensation of dyspnea. A study comparing the transtracheal catheter and nasal prongs. CHEST, 1994, 105(4): 1061-5.
11.	Parke R L, Eccleston M L, Mcguinness S P. The effects of flow on airway pressure during nasal high-flow oxygen therapy. Respir Care, 2011, 56(8): 1151-5.
12.	Groves N, Tobin A. High flow nasal oxygen generates positive airway pressure in adult volunteers. AUST CRIT CARE, 2007, 20(4): 126-31.
13.	Mauri T, Turrini C, Eronia N, et al. Physiologic Effects of High-Flow Nasal Cannula in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2017, 195(9): 1207-1215.
14.	Messika J, Ben Ahmed K, Gaudry S, et al. Use of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy in Subjects With ARDS: A 1-Year Observational Study. Respir Care, 2015, 60(2): 162-9.
15.	Rochwerg B, Granton D, Wang D X, et al. High flow nasal cannula compared with conventional oxygen therapy for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med, 2019, 45(5): 563-572.
16.	Ospina-Tascon G A, Calderon-Tapia L E, Garcia A F, et al. Effect of High-Flow Oxygen Therapy vs Conventional Oxygen Therapy on Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and Clinical Recovery in Patients With Severe COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 2021, 326(21): 2161-2171.
17.	Grasselli G, Calfee C S, Camporota L, et al. ESICM guidelines on acute respiratory distress syndrome: definition, phenotyping and respiratory support strategies. Intensive Care Med, 2023, 49(7): 727-759.
18.	Grieco D L, Menga L S, Eleuteri D, et al. Patient self-inflicted lung injury: implications for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and ARDS patients on non-invasive support. MINERVA ANESTESIOL, 2019, 85(9): 1014-1023.
19.	Deng L, Lei S, Wang X, et al. Course of illness and outcomes in older COVID-19 patients treated with HFNC: a retrospective analysis. Aging (Albany NY), 2021, 13(12): 15801-15814.
20.	López-Ramírez V Y, Sanabria-Rodríguez O O, Bottia-Córdoba S, et al. Delayed mechanical ventilation with prolonged high-flow nasal cannula exposure time as a risk factor for mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome due to SARS-CoV-2. INTERN EMERG MED, 2023, 18(2): 429-437.
21.	Nishikimi M, Nishida K, Shindo Y, et al. Failure of non-invasive respiratory support after 6 hours from initiation is associated with ICU mortality. PLOS ONE, 2021, 16(4): e0251030.
22.	Jaber S, Amraoui J, Lefrant J Y, et al. Clinical practice and risk factors for immediate complications of endotracheal intubation in the intensive care unit: a prospective, multiple-center study. CRIT CARE MED, 2006, 34(9): 2355-61.
23.	Frat J P, Ricard J D, Quenot J P, et al. Non-invasive ventilation versus high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy with apnoeic oxygenation for preoxygenation before intubation of patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure: a randomised, multicentre, open-label trial. Lancet Respir Med, 2019, 7(4): 303-312.
24.	Fong K M, Au S Y, Ng G W Y. Preoxygenation before intubation in adult patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a network meta-analysis of randomized trials. CRIT CARE, 2019, 23(1): 319.
25.	Miguel-Montanes R, Hajage D, Messika J, et al. Use of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy to prevent desaturation during tracheal intubation of intensive care patients with mild-to-moderate hypoxemia. CRIT CARE MED, 2015, 43(3): 574-83.
26.	Guitton C, Ehrmann S, Volteau C, et al. Nasal high-flow preoxygenation for endotracheal intubation in the critically ill patient: a randomized clinical trial. Intensive Care Med, 2019, 45(4): 447-458.
27.	Chua M T, Ng W M, Lu Q, et al. Pre- and apnoeic high-flow oxygenation for rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department (the Pre-AeRATE trial): A multicentre randomised controlled trial. ANN ACAD MED SINGAP, 2022, 51(3): 149-160.
28.	Baillard C, Prat G, Jung B, et al. Effect of preoxygenation using non-invasive ventilation before intubation on subsequent organ failures in hypoxaemic patients: a randomised clinical trial. Br J Anaesth, 2018, 120(2): 361-367.
29.	Jaber S, Monnin M, Girard M, et al. Apnoeic oxygenation via high-flow nasal cannula oxygen combined with non-invasive ventilation preoxygenation for intubation in hypoxaemic patients in the intensive care unit: the single-centre, blinded, randomised controlled OPTINIV trial. Intensive Care Med, 2016, 42(12): 1877-1887.
30.	Thille A W, Richard J C, Brochard L. The decision to extubate in the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2013, 187(12): 1294-302.
31.	Xu Z, Li Y, Zhou J, et al. High-flow nasal cannula in adults with acute respiratory failure and after extubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Res, 2018, 19(1): 202.
32.	Zhu Y, Yin H, Zhang R, et al. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy versus conventional oxygen therapy in patients after planned extubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CRIT CARE, 2019, 23(1): 180.
33.	Maggiore S M, Idone F A, Vaschetto R, et al. Nasal high-flow versus Venturi mask oxygen therapy after extubation. Effects on oxygenation, comfort, and clinical outcome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2014, 190(3): 282-8.
34.	Casey J D, Vaughan E M, Lloyd B D, et al. Protocolized Postextubation Respiratory Support to Prevent Reintubation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. AM J RESP CRIT CARE, 2021, 204(3): 294-302.
35.	Hernandez G, Vaquero C, Colinas L, et al. Effect of Postextubation High-Flow Nasal Cannula vs Noninvasive Ventilation on Reintubation and Postextubation Respiratory Failure in High-Risk Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 2016, 316(15): 1565-1574.
36.	Tseng CW, Chao KY, Wu HL, et al. Effectiveness of high-flow nasal cannulae compared with noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in preventing reintubation in patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation. Sci Rep, 2023, 13(1): 4689.
37.	Hernandez G, Vaquero C, Ortiz R, et al. Benefit with preventive noninvasive ventilation in subgroups of patients at high-risk for reintubation: a post hoc analysis. J INTENSIVE CARE, 2022, 10(1): 43.
38.	Thille A W, Muller G, Gacouin A, et al. Effect of Postextubation High-Flow Nasal Oxygen With Noninvasive Ventilation vs High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Alone on Reintubation Among Patients at High Risk of Extubation Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 2019, 322(15): 1465-1475.
39.	Kang B J, Koh Y, Lim C M, et al. Failure of high-flow nasal cannula therapy may delay intubation and increase mortality. Intensive Care Med, 2015, 41(4): 623-32.
40.	Delbove A, Foubert A, Mateos F, et al. High flow nasal cannula oxygenation in COVID-19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome: a safe way to avoid endotracheal intubation? THER ADV RESPIR DIS, 2021, 15: 17534666211019555.
41.	Blot PL, Chousterman BG, Santafè M, et al. Subphenotypes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with high-flow oxygen. CRIT CARE, 2023, 27(1): 419.
42.	俞隼, 许春阳, 叶宏伟, 等. 超声导向中度急性呼吸衰竭患者无创呼吸支持失败的预测模型构建. 中华急诊医学杂志, 2023, 32(8): 1053-1060.
43.	Koga Y, Kaneda K, Mizuguchi I, et al. Extent of pleural effusion on chest radiograph is associated with failure of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy. J CRIT CARE, 2016, 32: 165-9.
44.	Colombo SM, Scaravilli V, Cortegiani A, et al. Use of high flow nasal cannula in patients with acute respiratory failure in general wards under intensivists supervision: a single center observational study. Respir Res, 2022, 23(1): 171.
45.	翁兵兵, 黄絮, 吴大玮, 等. 急性呼吸窘迫综合征早期进展与预后的关系. 中国呼吸与危重监护杂志, 2024, 23(1): 37-42.
46.	Roca O, Caralt B, Messika J, et al. An Index Combining Respiratory Rate and Oxygenation to Predict Outcome of Nasal High-Flow Therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2019, 199(11): 1368-1376.
47.	Poopipatpab S, Nuchpramool P, Phairatwet P, et al. The use of respiratory rate-oxygenation index to predict failure of high-flow nasal cannula in patients with coronavirus disease 2019-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: A retrospective study. PLOS ONE, 2023, 18(6): e0287432.
48.	Fulya Ç, Ersin K, Mehmet G, et al. Factors affecting the failure of High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen therapy in Intensive Care follow-up of COVID-19 Severe Respiratory Failure. MALAWI MED J, 2022, 34(1): 37-42.
49.	Kansal A, Ong WJD, Dhanvijay S, et al. Comparison of ROX index (SpO(2)/FIO(2) ratio/respiratory rate) with a modified dynamic index incorporating PaO(2)/FIO(2) ratio and heart rate to predict high flow nasal cannula outcomes among patients with acute respiratory failure: a single centre retrospective study. BMC PULM MED, 2022, 22(1): 350.
50.	Chen D, Heunks L, Pan C, et al. A Novel Index to Predict the Failure of High-Flow Nasal Cannula in Patients with Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: A Pilot Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2022, 206(7): 910-913.

1. Matthay M A, Arabi Y, Arroliga A C, et al. A New Global Definition of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2024, 209(1): 37-47.
2. Fan E, Brodie D, Slutsky A S. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment. JAMA, 2018, 319(7): 698-710.
3. Frat J-P, Thille A W, Mercat A, et al. High-Flow Oxygen through Nasal Cannula in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure. NEW ENGL J MED, 2015, 372(23): 2185-2196.
4. Calligaro G L, Lalla U, Audley G, et al. The utility of high-flow nasal oxygen for severe COVID-19 pneumonia in a resource-constrained setting: A multi-centre prospective observational study. EClinicalMedicine, 2020, 28: 100570.
5. Gershengorn H B, Hu Y, Chen J T, et al. The Impact of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Use on Patient Mortality and the Availability of Mechanical Ventilators in COVID-19. ANN AM THORAC SOC, 2021, 18(4): 623-631.
6. Ranieri V M, Tonetti T, Navalesi P, et al. High-Flow Nasal Oxygen for Severe Hypoxemia: Oxygenation Response and Outcome in Patients with COVID-19. AM J RESP CRIT CARE, 2022, 205(4): 431-439.
7. Nishimura M. High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy in Adults: Physiological Benefits, Indication, Clinical Benefits, and Adverse Effects. Respir Care, 2016, 61(4): 529-41.
8. Papazian L, Corley A, Hess D, et al. Use of high-flow nasal cannula oxygenation in ICU adults: a narrative review. Intensive Care Med, 2016, 42(9): 1336-49.
9. Moller W, Celik G, Feng S, et al. Nasal high flow clears anatomical dead space in upper airway models. J Appl Physiol (1985), 2015, 118(12): 1525-32.
10. Dewan N A, Bell C W. Effect of low flow and high flow oxygen delivery on exercise tolerance and sensation of dyspnea. A study comparing the transtracheal catheter and nasal prongs. CHEST, 1994, 105(4): 1061-5.
11. Parke R L, Eccleston M L, Mcguinness S P. The effects of flow on airway pressure during nasal high-flow oxygen therapy. Respir Care, 2011, 56(8): 1151-5.
12. Groves N, Tobin A. High flow nasal oxygen generates positive airway pressure in adult volunteers. AUST CRIT CARE, 2007, 20(4): 126-31.
13. Mauri T, Turrini C, Eronia N, et al. Physiologic Effects of High-Flow Nasal Cannula in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2017, 195(9): 1207-1215.
14. Messika J, Ben Ahmed K, Gaudry S, et al. Use of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy in Subjects With ARDS: A 1-Year Observational Study. Respir Care, 2015, 60(2): 162-9.
15. Rochwerg B, Granton D, Wang D X, et al. High flow nasal cannula compared with conventional oxygen therapy for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med, 2019, 45(5): 563-572.
16. Ospina-Tascon G A, Calderon-Tapia L E, Garcia A F, et al. Effect of High-Flow Oxygen Therapy vs Conventional Oxygen Therapy on Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and Clinical Recovery in Patients With Severe COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 2021, 326(21): 2161-2171.
17. Grasselli G, Calfee C S, Camporota L, et al. ESICM guidelines on acute respiratory distress syndrome: definition, phenotyping and respiratory support strategies. Intensive Care Med, 2023, 49(7): 727-759.
18. Grieco D L, Menga L S, Eleuteri D, et al. Patient self-inflicted lung injury: implications for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and ARDS patients on non-invasive support. MINERVA ANESTESIOL, 2019, 85(9): 1014-1023.
19. Deng L, Lei S, Wang X, et al. Course of illness and outcomes in older COVID-19 patients treated with HFNC: a retrospective analysis. Aging (Albany NY), 2021, 13(12): 15801-15814.
20. López-Ramírez V Y, Sanabria-Rodríguez O O, Bottia-Córdoba S, et al. Delayed mechanical ventilation with prolonged high-flow nasal cannula exposure time as a risk factor for mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome due to SARS-CoV-2. INTERN EMERG MED, 2023, 18(2): 429-437.
21. Nishikimi M, Nishida K, Shindo Y, et al. Failure of non-invasive respiratory support after 6 hours from initiation is associated with ICU mortality. PLOS ONE, 2021, 16(4): e0251030.
22. Jaber S, Amraoui J, Lefrant J Y, et al. Clinical practice and risk factors for immediate complications of endotracheal intubation in the intensive care unit: a prospective, multiple-center study. CRIT CARE MED, 2006, 34(9): 2355-61.
23. Frat J P, Ricard J D, Quenot J P, et al. Non-invasive ventilation versus high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy with apnoeic oxygenation for preoxygenation before intubation of patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure: a randomised, multicentre, open-label trial. Lancet Respir Med, 2019, 7(4): 303-312.
24. Fong K M, Au S Y, Ng G W Y. Preoxygenation before intubation in adult patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a network meta-analysis of randomized trials. CRIT CARE, 2019, 23(1): 319.
25. Miguel-Montanes R, Hajage D, Messika J, et al. Use of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy to prevent desaturation during tracheal intubation of intensive care patients with mild-to-moderate hypoxemia. CRIT CARE MED, 2015, 43(3): 574-83.
26. Guitton C, Ehrmann S, Volteau C, et al. Nasal high-flow preoxygenation for endotracheal intubation in the critically ill patient: a randomized clinical trial. Intensive Care Med, 2019, 45(4): 447-458.
27. Chua M T, Ng W M, Lu Q, et al. Pre- and apnoeic high-flow oxygenation for rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department (the Pre-AeRATE trial): A multicentre randomised controlled trial. ANN ACAD MED SINGAP, 2022, 51(3): 149-160.
28. Baillard C, Prat G, Jung B, et al. Effect of preoxygenation using non-invasive ventilation before intubation on subsequent organ failures in hypoxaemic patients: a randomised clinical trial. Br J Anaesth, 2018, 120(2): 361-367.
29. Jaber S, Monnin M, Girard M, et al. Apnoeic oxygenation via high-flow nasal cannula oxygen combined with non-invasive ventilation preoxygenation for intubation in hypoxaemic patients in the intensive care unit: the single-centre, blinded, randomised controlled OPTINIV trial. Intensive Care Med, 2016, 42(12): 1877-1887.
30. Thille A W, Richard J C, Brochard L. The decision to extubate in the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2013, 187(12): 1294-302.
31. Xu Z, Li Y, Zhou J, et al. High-flow nasal cannula in adults with acute respiratory failure and after extubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Res, 2018, 19(1): 202.
32. Zhu Y, Yin H, Zhang R, et al. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy versus conventional oxygen therapy in patients after planned extubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CRIT CARE, 2019, 23(1): 180.
33. Maggiore S M, Idone F A, Vaschetto R, et al. Nasal high-flow versus Venturi mask oxygen therapy after extubation. Effects on oxygenation, comfort, and clinical outcome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2014, 190(3): 282-8.
34. Casey J D, Vaughan E M, Lloyd B D, et al. Protocolized Postextubation Respiratory Support to Prevent Reintubation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. AM J RESP CRIT CARE, 2021, 204(3): 294-302.
35. Hernandez G, Vaquero C, Colinas L, et al. Effect of Postextubation High-Flow Nasal Cannula vs Noninvasive Ventilation on Reintubation and Postextubation Respiratory Failure in High-Risk Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 2016, 316(15): 1565-1574.
36. Tseng CW, Chao KY, Wu HL, et al. Effectiveness of high-flow nasal cannulae compared with noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in preventing reintubation in patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation. Sci Rep, 2023, 13(1): 4689.
37. Hernandez G, Vaquero C, Ortiz R, et al. Benefit with preventive noninvasive ventilation in subgroups of patients at high-risk for reintubation: a post hoc analysis. J INTENSIVE CARE, 2022, 10(1): 43.
38. Thille A W, Muller G, Gacouin A, et al. Effect of Postextubation High-Flow Nasal Oxygen With Noninvasive Ventilation vs High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Alone on Reintubation Among Patients at High Risk of Extubation Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 2019, 322(15): 1465-1475.
39. Kang B J, Koh Y, Lim C M, et al. Failure of high-flow nasal cannula therapy may delay intubation and increase mortality. Intensive Care Med, 2015, 41(4): 623-32.
40. Delbove A, Foubert A, Mateos F, et al. High flow nasal cannula oxygenation in COVID-19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome: a safe way to avoid endotracheal intubation? THER ADV RESPIR DIS, 2021, 15: 17534666211019555.
41. Blot PL, Chousterman BG, Santafè M, et al. Subphenotypes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with high-flow oxygen. CRIT CARE, 2023, 27(1): 419.
42. 俞隼, 许春阳, 叶宏伟, 等. 超声导向中度急性呼吸衰竭患者无创呼吸支持失败的预测模型构建. 中华急诊医学杂志, 2023, 32(8): 1053-1060.
43. Koga Y, Kaneda K, Mizuguchi I, et al. Extent of pleural effusion on chest radiograph is associated with failure of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy. J CRIT CARE, 2016, 32: 165-9.
44. Colombo SM, Scaravilli V, Cortegiani A, et al. Use of high flow nasal cannula in patients with acute respiratory failure in general wards under intensivists supervision: a single center observational study. Respir Res, 2022, 23(1): 171.
45. 翁兵兵, 黄絮, 吴大玮, 等. 急性呼吸窘迫综合征早期进展与预后的关系. 中国呼吸与危重监护杂志, 2024, 23(1): 37-42.
46. Roca O, Caralt B, Messika J, et al. An Index Combining Respiratory Rate and Oxygenation to Predict Outcome of Nasal High-Flow Therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2019, 199(11): 1368-1376.
47. Poopipatpab S, Nuchpramool P, Phairatwet P, et al. The use of respiratory rate-oxygenation index to predict failure of high-flow nasal cannula in patients with coronavirus disease 2019-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: A retrospective study. PLOS ONE, 2023, 18(6): e0287432.
48. Fulya Ç, Ersin K, Mehmet G, et al. Factors affecting the failure of High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen therapy in Intensive Care follow-up of COVID-19 Severe Respiratory Failure. MALAWI MED J, 2022, 34(1): 37-42.
49. Kansal A, Ong WJD, Dhanvijay S, et al. Comparison of ROX index (SpO(2)/FIO(2) ratio/respiratory rate) with a modified dynamic index incorporating PaO(2)/FIO(2) ratio and heart rate to predict high flow nasal cannula outcomes among patients with acute respiratory failure: a single centre retrospective study. BMC PULM MED, 2022, 22(1): 350.
50. Chen D, Heunks L, Pan C, et al. A Novel Index to Predict the Failure of High-Flow Nasal Cannula in Patients with Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: A Pilot Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2022, 206(7): 910-913.

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经鼻高流量氧疗在急性呼吸窘迫综合征中的应用

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