Incidence of Depression and Its Related Factors in Hypospadias Patients after Surgical Treatment_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

 YANGMing-gen ,  ZHENGZhou-da , XUZhen-qiang , LINHai-li , ZHUANGZhi-ming , ZHANGChao-xian

Department of Urology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, China;

Corresponding author：

ZHENGZhou-da, Email: zhengzhouda@163.com

Keywords：

Hypospadias; Depression; Self-Rating Depression Scale; Questionnaire investigation

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.20150207

Video：

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Objectiv To investigate the incidence of depression and its etiological factors in patients with hypospadias after operation. Methods From January to June 2015, we investigated the incidence of depression symptoms among patients with hypospadias after surgical treatment from January 1990 to December 1994 in Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, and we matched them with mentally healthy adults of the same age to 1:1 ratio. Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and Correlation Factor Questionnaire were used to investigate and analyze the related factors of depression symptoms between the patients with hypospadias and the healthy males. Results A total of 80 patients with hypospadias after surgical treatment and 80 healthy males as control were included. There were no significant differences in male secondary sexual development, testis development, serum testosterone levels and postoperative length and girth of the penis in two groups. The incidence rate of depression symptoms was 45.0% (16/80) in the hypospadias patients after operation, extremely significantly higher than 6.3% (5/80) in the control group (χ²=6.632, P=0.01). The result of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the main risk factors of depression symptoms were worries about dissatisfaction with penile and scrotal appearance (F=16.210 3, P=0.001), sexual satisfaction (F=4.621 2, P=0.036) and sexual function (F=4.103 2, P=0.043). Conclusion Symptoms of depression often occur in hypospadias patients after operation, and the major etiological factors are dissatisfaction with penile and scrotal appearance, sexual satisfaction and sexual function.

Citation： YANGMing-gen, ZHENGZhou-da, XUZhen-qiang, LINHai-li, ZHUANGZhi-ming, ZHANGChao-xian. Incidence of Depression and Its Related Factors in Hypospadias Patients after Surgical Treatment. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2015, 15(11): 1254-1257. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.20150207 Copy

1.	王忠, 任晓敏. 尿道下裂的研究现状. 中国男科学杂志, 2005, 19(5):1-4.
2.	Chen SC, Chang HC, Guo YJ, et al. Epidemiology of hypospadias and treatment trends in Taiwan:A nationwide study. J Urol, 2011, 185(4):1449-1454.
3.	Baskin L. Hypospadias:A critical analysis of cosmetic outcomes using photography. BJU Int, 2001, 87(6):534-539.
4.	汪向东, 姜长青, 马弘, 主编. 心理卫生评定量表手册(增订版). 北京:中国心理卫生杂志社, 1999:194-195.
5.	Kiss A, Sulya B, Szász AM, et al. Long-term psychological and sexual outcomes of severe penile hypospadias repair. J Sex Med, 2011, 8(5): 1529-1539.
6.	Althof SE, Abdo CH, Dean J, et al. International Society for Sexual Medicine guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of premature ejaculation. J Sex Med, 2010, 7(9):2947-2969.
7.	吕拥芬, 李嫔, 朱志颖, 等. 122例尿道下裂男性患儿临床表现型与染色体核型关系分析. 上海交通大学学报(医学版), 2013, 33(2): 181-183.
8.	Aulagne MB, Harper L, de Napoli-Cocci S, et al. Long-term outcome of severe hypospadias. J Pediatr Urol, 2010, 6(5):469-472.
9.	Weber DM, Schonbucher VB, Gobet R, et al. Is there an ideal age for hypospadias repair? A pilot study. J Pediatr Urol, 2009, 5(5):345-350.
10.	Savanelli A, Esposito C, Settimi A. A prospective randomized comparative study on the use of ventral subcutaneous flap to prevent fistulas in the Snodgrass repair for distal hypospadias. World J Urol, 2007, 25(6):641-645.
11.	Moriya K, Kakizaki H, Tanaka H, et al. Long-term patient reported outcome of urinary symptoms after hypospadias surgery:norm related study in adolescents. J Urol, 2007, 178(4 Pt 2):1659-1662.
12.	淡明江, 吕军, 胡卫列, 等. 分期手术在严重尿道下裂中的应用. 中华男科学杂志, 2012, 18(3):278-280.
13.	段燚星, 袁俊斌, 郭玺, 等. 带蒂阴囊正中皮瓣一期尿道下裂成形术的疗效分析. 中华男科学杂志, 2012, 18(9):816-818.
14.	周权, 李伟, 邹利文, 等. 包皮带蒂岛状皮瓣(Duckett)治疗小儿尿道下裂手术并发症的预防及处理. 中华男科学杂志, 2012, 18(4): 369-371.
15.	Lam PN, Greenfield SP, Williot P. 2-stage repair in infancy for severe hypospadias with chordee:long-term results after puberty. J Urol, 2005, 174(4 Pt 2):1567-1572.
16.	Liu G, Yuan J, Feng J, et al. Factors affecting the long-term results of hypospadias repairs. J Pediatr Surg, 2006, 41(3):554-559.
17.	Singh JC, Jayanthi VR, Gopalakrishnan G. Effect of hypospadias on sexual function and reproduction. Indian J Urol, 2008, 24(2):249-252.
18.	Moriya K, Kakizaki H, Tanaka H, et al. Long-term cosmetic and sexual outcome of hypospadias surgery:Norm related study in adolescence. J Urol, 2006, 176(4 Pt 2):1889-1892.
19.	Bubani TB, Perovic SV, Milicevic RM, et al. Sexual behavior and sexual function of adults after hypospadias surgery:A comparative study. J Urol, 2004, 171(5):1876-1879.
20.	Jiao C, Wu R, Xu X, et al. Long-term outcome of penile appearance and sexual function after hypospadias repairs:Situation and relation. Int Urol Nephrol, 2011, 43(1):47-54.
21.	Chertin B, Natsheh A, Ben-Zion I, et al. Objective and subjective sexual outcomes in adult patients after hypospadias repair performed in childhood. J Urol, 2013, 190(4 Suppl):1556-1560.

1. 王忠, 任晓敏. 尿道下裂的研究现状. 中国男科学杂志, 2005, 19(5):1-4.
2. Chen SC, Chang HC, Guo YJ, et al. Epidemiology of hypospadias and treatment trends in Taiwan:A nationwide study. J Urol, 2011, 185(4):1449-1454.
3. Baskin L. Hypospadias:A critical analysis of cosmetic outcomes using photography. BJU Int, 2001, 87(6):534-539.
4. 汪向东, 姜长青, 马弘, 主编. 心理卫生评定量表手册(增订版). 北京:中国心理卫生杂志社, 1999:194-195.
5. Kiss A, Sulya B, Szász AM, et al. Long-term psychological and sexual outcomes of severe penile hypospadias repair. J Sex Med, 2011, 8(5): 1529-1539.
6. Althof SE, Abdo CH, Dean J, et al. International Society for Sexual Medicine guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of premature ejaculation. J Sex Med, 2010, 7(9):2947-2969.
7. 吕拥芬, 李嫔, 朱志颖, 等. 122例尿道下裂男性患儿临床表现型与染色体核型关系分析. 上海交通大学学报(医学版), 2013, 33(2): 181-183.
8. Aulagne MB, Harper L, de Napoli-Cocci S, et al. Long-term outcome of severe hypospadias. J Pediatr Urol, 2010, 6(5):469-472.
9. Weber DM, Schonbucher VB, Gobet R, et al. Is there an ideal age for hypospadias repair? A pilot study. J Pediatr Urol, 2009, 5(5):345-350.
10. Savanelli A, Esposito C, Settimi A. A prospective randomized comparative study on the use of ventral subcutaneous flap to prevent fistulas in the Snodgrass repair for distal hypospadias. World J Urol, 2007, 25(6):641-645.
11. Moriya K, Kakizaki H, Tanaka H, et al. Long-term patient reported outcome of urinary symptoms after hypospadias surgery:norm related study in adolescents. J Urol, 2007, 178(4 Pt 2):1659-1662.
12. 淡明江, 吕军, 胡卫列, 等. 分期手术在严重尿道下裂中的应用. 中华男科学杂志, 2012, 18(3):278-280.
13. 段燚星, 袁俊斌, 郭玺, 等. 带蒂阴囊正中皮瓣一期尿道下裂成形术的疗效分析. 中华男科学杂志, 2012, 18(9):816-818.
14. 周权, 李伟, 邹利文, 等. 包皮带蒂岛状皮瓣(Duckett)治疗小儿尿道下裂手术并发症的预防及处理. 中华男科学杂志, 2012, 18(4): 369-371.
15. Lam PN, Greenfield SP, Williot P. 2-stage repair in infancy for severe hypospadias with chordee:long-term results after puberty. J Urol, 2005, 174(4 Pt 2):1567-1572.
16. Liu G, Yuan J, Feng J, et al. Factors affecting the long-term results of hypospadias repairs. J Pediatr Surg, 2006, 41(3):554-559.
17. Singh JC, Jayanthi VR, Gopalakrishnan G. Effect of hypospadias on sexual function and reproduction. Indian J Urol, 2008, 24(2):249-252.
18. Moriya K, Kakizaki H, Tanaka H, et al. Long-term cosmetic and sexual outcome of hypospadias surgery:Norm related study in adolescence. J Urol, 2006, 176(4 Pt 2):1889-1892.
19. Bubani TB, Perovic SV, Milicevic RM, et al. Sexual behavior and sexual function of adults after hypospadias surgery:A comparative study. J Urol, 2004, 171(5):1876-1879.
20. Jiao C, Wu R, Xu X, et al. Long-term outcome of penile appearance and sexual function after hypospadias repairs:Situation and relation. Int Urol Nephrol, 2011, 43(1):47-54.
21. Chertin B, Natsheh A, Ben-Zion I, et al. Objective and subjective sexual outcomes in adult patients after hypospadias repair performed in childhood. J Urol, 2013, 190(4 Suppl):1556-1560.

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Incidence of Depression and Its Related Factors in Hypospadias Patients after Surgical Treatment

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