The Interpretation of ATS Guideline of Treatment of Fungal Infections in Adult Pulmonary and Critical Care Patients in 2011_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

 黄鑫炎 ,  谢灿茂 ,  HUANGXin-yan ,  XIECan-mao

中山大学附属第一医院呼吸内科（广州 510080）;
Respiratory Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;

Corresponding author：

黄鑫炎, Email: 13632424725@163.com; 谢灿茂, Email: xiecanmao@outlook.com; HUANGXin-yan, Email: 13632424725@163.com; XIECan-mao, Email: xiecanmao@outlook.com

Keywords：

Fungal infections; Lung diseases; Critical care; Clinical practice guideline

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.20160004

Video：

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Citation： 黄鑫炎, 谢灿茂, HUANGXin-yan, XIECan-mao. The Interpretation of ATS Guideline of Treatment of Fungal Infections in Adult Pulmonary and Critical Care Patients in 2011. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2016, 16(1): 11-19. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.20160004 Copy

1.	Limper AH, Knox KS, Sarosi GA, et al. An official American Thoracic Society statement: Treatment of fungal infections in adult pulmonary and critical care patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2011, 183(1): 96-128.
2.	中华医学会呼吸病学分会感染学组, 中华结核和呼吸杂志编辑委员会. 肺真菌病诊断和治疗专家共识. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2007, 30(11): 821-834.
3.	《中华内科杂志》编辑委员会. 血液病/恶性肿瘤患者侵袭性真菌感染的诊断标准与治疗原则(修订版). 中华内科杂志, 2007, 46(7): 607-610.
4.	中华医学会重症医学分会. 重症患者侵袭性真菌感染诊断与治疗指南(2007). 中华内科杂志, 2007, 46(11): 960-966.
5.	Falagas ME, Karageorgopoulos DE, Tansarli GS. Continuous versus conventional infusion of amphotericin B deoxycholate: a meta-analysis. PLoS One, 2013, 8(10): e77075.
6.	Tu GW, Ju MJ, Xu M, et al. Combination of caspofungin and low-dose trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of severe Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in renal transplant recipients. Nephrology (Carlton), 2013, 18(11): 736-742.
7.	Ceballos ME, Ortega M, Andresen M, et al. Successful treatment with echinocandin in an HIV-infected individual failing first-line therapy for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. AIDS, 2011, 25(17): 2192-2193.
8.	Armstrong-James D, Stebbing J, John L, et al. A trial of caspofungin salvage treatment in PCP pneumonia. Thorax, 2011, 66(6): 537-538.
9.	Mu XD, Que CL, He B, et al. Caspofungin in salvage treatment of severe pneumocystis pneumonia: case report and literature review. Chin Med J (Engl), 2009, 122(8): 996-999.
10.	Kim T, Hong HL, Lee YM, et al. Is caspofungin really an effective treatment for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection? Experiences at a single center and a literature review. Scand J Infect Dis, 2013, 45(6): 484-488.
11.	Neoh CF, Liew D, Slavin MA, et al. Economic evaluation of micafungin versus caspofungin for the treatment of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis. Intern Med J, 2013, 43(6): 668-677.
12.	Kohno S, Izumikawa K, Yoshida M, et al. A double-blind comparative study of the safety and efficacy of caspofungin versus micafungin in the treatment of candidiasis and aspergillosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2013, 32(3): 387-397.
13.	冯晓博, 姚志荣, 凌波, 等. 中国致病格特隐球菌的基因亚型分析. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2009, 42(2): 138-140.
14.	梁训宏, 吴劲松, 冯晓博, 等. 深圳地区新生隐球菌和格特隐球菌的临床分子流行病学. 中华传染病杂志, 2014, 32(4): 204-208.
15.	Perfect JR, Dismukes WE, Dromer F, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the infectious diseases society of america. Clin Infect Dis, 2010, 50(3): 291-322.
16.	《中国真菌学杂志》编辑委员会. 隐球菌感染诊治专家共识. 中国真菌学杂志, 2010, 5(2): 65-68.
17.	Nadrous HF, Antonios VS, Terrell CL, et al. Pulmonary cryptococcosis in nonimmunocompromised patients. Chest, 2003, 124(6): 2143-2147.
18.	Bicanic T, Wood R, Meintjes G, et al. High-dose amphotericin B with flucytosine for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected patients: a randomized trial. Clin Infect Dis, 2008, 47(1): 123-130.
19.	Saag MS, Powderly WG, Cloud GA, et al. Comparison of amphotericin B with fluconazole in the treatment of acute AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis: the Niaid Mycoses Study Group and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group. N Engl J Med, 1992, 326(2): 83-89.
20.	Muzoora CK, Kabanda T, Ortu G, et al. Short course amphotericin B with high dose fluconazole for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis. J Infect, 2012, 64(1): 76-81.
21.	Loyse A, Wilson D, Meintjes G, et al. Comparison of the early fungicidal activity of high-dose fluconazole, voriconazole, and flucytosine as second-line drugs given in combination with amphotericin B for the treatment of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis, 2012, 54(1): 121-128.
22.	Walsh TJ, Anaissie EJ, Denning DW, et al. Treatment of aspergillosis: clinical practice guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis, 2008, 46(3): 327-360.
23.	Herbrecht R, Denning DW, Patterson TF, et al. Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis. N Engl J Med, 2002, 347(6): 408-415.
24.	Herbrecht R, Patterson TF, Slavin MA, et al. Application of the 2008 definitions for invasive fungal diseases to the trial comparing voriconazole versus amphotericin B for therapy of invasive aspergillosis: A Collaborative Study of the Mycoses Study Group (MSG 05) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Infectious Diseases Group, 2015, 60(5): 713-720.
25.	Wenzel R, Del Favero A, Kibbler C, et al. Economic evaluation of voriconazole compared with conventional amphotericin B for the primary treatment of aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2005, 55(3): 352-361.
26.	Ostermann H, Solano C, Jarque I, et al. Cost analysis of voriconazole versus liposomal amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis among patients with haematological disorders in Germany and Spain. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol, 2014, 15: 52.
27.	Domínguez-Gil A, Martín I, García Vargas M, et al. Economic evaluation of voriconazole versus caspofungin for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis in Spain. Clin Drug Investig, 2007, 27(3): 197-205.
28.	Cornely OA, Maertens J, Bresnik M, et al. Liposomal amphotericin B as initial therapy for invasive mold infection: a randomized trial comparing a high-loading dose regimen with standard dosing (ambiload trial). Clin Infect Dis, 2007, 44(10): 1289-1297.
29.	Hiemenz JW, Raad II, Maertens JA, et al. Efficacy of caspofungin as salvage therapy for invasive aspergillosis compared to standard therapy in a historical cohort. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2010, 29(11): 1387-1394.
30.	Lehrnbecher T, Attarbaschi A, Duerken M, et al. Posaconazole salvage treatment in paediatric patients: a multicentre survey. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2010, 29(8): 1043-1045.
31.	Huang X, Wang F, Chen Y, et al. A multicenter, open-label study of posaconazole oral suspension in the treatment of invasive fungal infections in patients refractory to or intolerant of first-line therapy. Future Microbiol, 2012, 7(2): 201-209.
32.	Vehreschild JJ, Birtel A, Vehreschild MJ, et al. Mucormycosis treated with posaconazole: review of 96 case reports. Crit Rev Microbiol, 2013, 39: 310-324.
33.	Raad II, Zakhem AE, Helou GE, et al. Clinical experience of the use of voriconazole, caspofungin or the combination in primary and salvage therapy of invasive aspergillosis in haematological malignancies. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2015, 45(3): 283-288.
34.	Panackal AA, Parisini E, Proschan M. Salvage combination antifungal therapy for acute invasive aspergillosis may improve outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis, 2014, 28: 80-94.
35.	Zhang M, Sun WK, Wu T, et al. Efficacy of combination therapy of triazole and echinocandin in treatment of invasive aspergillosis: a systematic review of animal and human studies. J Thorac Dis, 2014, 6(2): 99-108.
36.	Rowe JM, Andersen JW, Mazza JJ, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled phase III study of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia: a study of the eastern cooperative oncology group (e1490). Blood, 1995, 86(2): 457-462.
37.	Cadranel J, Philippe B, Hennequin C, et al. Voriconazole for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: a prospective multicenter trial. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2012, 31(11): 3231-3239.
38.	Wark PA, Hensley MJ, Saltos N, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of itraconazole in stable allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: a randomized controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2003, 111(5): 952-957.
39.	Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes D, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis, 2009, 48(5): 503-535.
40.	Pfaller M, Neofytos D, Diekema D, et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of candidemia in 3648 patients: data from the Prospective Antifungal Therapy (PATH Alliance^®) registry, 2004-2008. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2012, 74(4): 323-331.
41.	Nucci M, Anaissie E, Betts RF, et al. Early removal of central venous catheter in patients with candidemia does not improve outcome: analysis of 842 patients from 2 randomized clinical trials. Clin Infect Dis, 2010, 51(3): 295-303.
42.	Rex JH, Bennett JE, Sugar AM, et al. A randomized trial comparing fluconazole with amphotericin B for the treatment of candidemia in patients without neutropenia: Candidemia Study Group and the National Institute. N Engl J Med, 1994, 331(20): 1325-1330.
43.	Nguyen MH, Peacock JE, Tanner DC, et al. Therapeutic approaches in patients with candidemia: evaluation in a multicenter, prospective, observational study. Arch Intern Med, 1995, 155(22): 2429-2435.
44.	Anaissie EJ, Vartivarian SE, Abi-Said D, et al. Fluconazole versus amphotericin B in the treatment of hematogenous candidiasis: a matched cohort study. Am J Med, 1996, 101(2): 170-176.
45.	Kett DH, Shorr AF, Reboli AC, et al. Anidulafungin compared with fluconazole in severely ill patients with candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis: support for the 2009 IDSA treatment guidelines for candidiasis. Crit Care, 2011, 15(5): R253.
46.	Kale-Pradhan PB, Morgan G, Wilhelm SM, et al. Comparative efficacy of echinocandins and nonechinocandins for the treatment of candida parapsilosis infections: a meta-analysis. Pharmacotherapy, 2010, 30(12): 1207-1213.

1. Limper AH, Knox KS, Sarosi GA, et al. An official American Thoracic Society statement: Treatment of fungal infections in adult pulmonary and critical care patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2011, 183(1): 96-128.
2. 中华医学会呼吸病学分会感染学组, 中华结核和呼吸杂志编辑委员会. 肺真菌病诊断和治疗专家共识. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2007, 30(11): 821-834.
3. 《中华内科杂志》编辑委员会. 血液病/恶性肿瘤患者侵袭性真菌感染的诊断标准与治疗原则(修订版). 中华内科杂志, 2007, 46(7): 607-610.
4. 中华医学会重症医学分会. 重症患者侵袭性真菌感染诊断与治疗指南(2007). 中华内科杂志, 2007, 46(11): 960-966.
5. Falagas ME, Karageorgopoulos DE, Tansarli GS. Continuous versus conventional infusion of amphotericin B deoxycholate: a meta-analysis. PLoS One, 2013, 8(10): e77075.
6. Tu GW, Ju MJ, Xu M, et al. Combination of caspofungin and low-dose trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of severe Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in renal transplant recipients. Nephrology (Carlton), 2013, 18(11): 736-742.
7. Ceballos ME, Ortega M, Andresen M, et al. Successful treatment with echinocandin in an HIV-infected individual failing first-line therapy for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. AIDS, 2011, 25(17): 2192-2193.
8. Armstrong-James D, Stebbing J, John L, et al. A trial of caspofungin salvage treatment in PCP pneumonia. Thorax, 2011, 66(6): 537-538.
9. Mu XD, Que CL, He B, et al. Caspofungin in salvage treatment of severe pneumocystis pneumonia: case report and literature review. Chin Med J (Engl), 2009, 122(8): 996-999.
10. Kim T, Hong HL, Lee YM, et al. Is caspofungin really an effective treatment for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection? Experiences at a single center and a literature review. Scand J Infect Dis, 2013, 45(6): 484-488.
11. Neoh CF, Liew D, Slavin MA, et al. Economic evaluation of micafungin versus caspofungin for the treatment of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis. Intern Med J, 2013, 43(6): 668-677.
12. Kohno S, Izumikawa K, Yoshida M, et al. A double-blind comparative study of the safety and efficacy of caspofungin versus micafungin in the treatment of candidiasis and aspergillosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2013, 32(3): 387-397.
13. 冯晓博, 姚志荣, 凌波, 等. 中国致病格特隐球菌的基因亚型分析. 中华皮肤科杂志, 2009, 42(2): 138-140.
14. 梁训宏, 吴劲松, 冯晓博, 等. 深圳地区新生隐球菌和格特隐球菌的临床分子流行病学. 中华传染病杂志, 2014, 32(4): 204-208.
15. Perfect JR, Dismukes WE, Dromer F, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the infectious diseases society of america. Clin Infect Dis, 2010, 50(3): 291-322.
16. 《中国真菌学杂志》编辑委员会. 隐球菌感染诊治专家共识. 中国真菌学杂志, 2010, 5(2): 65-68.
17. Nadrous HF, Antonios VS, Terrell CL, et al. Pulmonary cryptococcosis in nonimmunocompromised patients. Chest, 2003, 124(6): 2143-2147.
18. Bicanic T, Wood R, Meintjes G, et al. High-dose amphotericin B with flucytosine for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected patients: a randomized trial. Clin Infect Dis, 2008, 47(1): 123-130.
19. Saag MS, Powderly WG, Cloud GA, et al. Comparison of amphotericin B with fluconazole in the treatment of acute AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis: the Niaid Mycoses Study Group and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group. N Engl J Med, 1992, 326(2): 83-89.
20. Muzoora CK, Kabanda T, Ortu G, et al. Short course amphotericin B with high dose fluconazole for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis. J Infect, 2012, 64(1): 76-81.
21. Loyse A, Wilson D, Meintjes G, et al. Comparison of the early fungicidal activity of high-dose fluconazole, voriconazole, and flucytosine as second-line drugs given in combination with amphotericin B for the treatment of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis, 2012, 54(1): 121-128.
22. Walsh TJ, Anaissie EJ, Denning DW, et al. Treatment of aspergillosis: clinical practice guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis, 2008, 46(3): 327-360.
23. Herbrecht R, Denning DW, Patterson TF, et al. Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis. N Engl J Med, 2002, 347(6): 408-415.
24. Herbrecht R, Patterson TF, Slavin MA, et al. Application of the 2008 definitions for invasive fungal diseases to the trial comparing voriconazole versus amphotericin B for therapy of invasive aspergillosis: A Collaborative Study of the Mycoses Study Group (MSG 05) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Infectious Diseases Group, 2015, 60(5): 713-720.
25. Wenzel R, Del Favero A, Kibbler C, et al. Economic evaluation of voriconazole compared with conventional amphotericin B for the primary treatment of aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2005, 55(3): 352-361.
26. Ostermann H, Solano C, Jarque I, et al. Cost analysis of voriconazole versus liposomal amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis among patients with haematological disorders in Germany and Spain. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol, 2014, 15: 52.
27. Domínguez-Gil A, Martín I, García Vargas M, et al. Economic evaluation of voriconazole versus caspofungin for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis in Spain. Clin Drug Investig, 2007, 27(3): 197-205.
28. Cornely OA, Maertens J, Bresnik M, et al. Liposomal amphotericin B as initial therapy for invasive mold infection: a randomized trial comparing a high-loading dose regimen with standard dosing (ambiload trial). Clin Infect Dis, 2007, 44(10): 1289-1297.
29. Hiemenz JW, Raad II, Maertens JA, et al. Efficacy of caspofungin as salvage therapy for invasive aspergillosis compared to standard therapy in a historical cohort. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2010, 29(11): 1387-1394.
30. Lehrnbecher T, Attarbaschi A, Duerken M, et al. Posaconazole salvage treatment in paediatric patients: a multicentre survey. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2010, 29(8): 1043-1045.
31. Huang X, Wang F, Chen Y, et al. A multicenter, open-label study of posaconazole oral suspension in the treatment of invasive fungal infections in patients refractory to or intolerant of first-line therapy. Future Microbiol, 2012, 7(2): 201-209.
32. Vehreschild JJ, Birtel A, Vehreschild MJ, et al. Mucormycosis treated with posaconazole: review of 96 case reports. Crit Rev Microbiol, 2013, 39: 310-324.
33. Raad II, Zakhem AE, Helou GE, et al. Clinical experience of the use of voriconazole, caspofungin or the combination in primary and salvage therapy of invasive aspergillosis in haematological malignancies. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2015, 45(3): 283-288.
34. Panackal AA, Parisini E, Proschan M. Salvage combination antifungal therapy for acute invasive aspergillosis may improve outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis, 2014, 28: 80-94.
35. Zhang M, Sun WK, Wu T, et al. Efficacy of combination therapy of triazole and echinocandin in treatment of invasive aspergillosis: a systematic review of animal and human studies. J Thorac Dis, 2014, 6(2): 99-108.
36. Rowe JM, Andersen JW, Mazza JJ, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled phase III study of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia: a study of the eastern cooperative oncology group (e1490). Blood, 1995, 86(2): 457-462.
37. Cadranel J, Philippe B, Hennequin C, et al. Voriconazole for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: a prospective multicenter trial. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2012, 31(11): 3231-3239.
38. Wark PA, Hensley MJ, Saltos N, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of itraconazole in stable allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: a randomized controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2003, 111(5): 952-957.
39. Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes D, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis, 2009, 48(5): 503-535.
40. Pfaller M, Neofytos D, Diekema D, et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of candidemia in 3648 patients: data from the Prospective Antifungal Therapy (PATH Alliance^®) registry, 2004-2008. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2012, 74(4): 323-331.
41. Nucci M, Anaissie E, Betts RF, et al. Early removal of central venous catheter in patients with candidemia does not improve outcome: analysis of 842 patients from 2 randomized clinical trials. Clin Infect Dis, 2010, 51(3): 295-303.
42. Rex JH, Bennett JE, Sugar AM, et al. A randomized trial comparing fluconazole with amphotericin B for the treatment of candidemia in patients without neutropenia: Candidemia Study Group and the National Institute. N Engl J Med, 1994, 331(20): 1325-1330.
43. Nguyen MH, Peacock JE, Tanner DC, et al. Therapeutic approaches in patients with candidemia: evaluation in a multicenter, prospective, observational study. Arch Intern Med, 1995, 155(22): 2429-2435.
44. Anaissie EJ, Vartivarian SE, Abi-Said D, et al. Fluconazole versus amphotericin B in the treatment of hematogenous candidiasis: a matched cohort study. Am J Med, 1996, 101(2): 170-176.
45. Kett DH, Shorr AF, Reboli AC, et al. Anidulafungin compared with fluconazole in severely ill patients with candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis: support for the 2009 IDSA treatment guidelines for candidiasis. Crit Care, 2011, 15(5): R253.
46. Kale-Pradhan PB, Morgan G, Wilhelm SM, et al. Comparative efficacy of echinocandins and nonechinocandins for the treatment of candida parapsilosis infections: a meta-analysis. Pharmacotherapy, 2010, 30(12): 1207-1213.

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

The Interpretation of ATS Guideline of Treatment of Fungal Infections in Adult Pulmonary and Critical Care Patients in 2011

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