Objective  To assess the completion of the under 5 mortality rate (U5MR) of Millennium Development Goals in 194 member countries of WHO, and to analyze the present situation of the global U5MR. Methods  Based on the U5MR and the proportion of main causes of death in the "World Health Statistics 2015", the Millennium Development Goals of the decline of U5MR from 1990 to 2013 was assessed, the U5MR was analyzed by comparison between 2000 and 2013. Bivariate Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between mortality and the ratio of infection to non infectious diseases and GDP per person in U5MR. Results  By 2013, in 194 WHO member states, the U5MR in 46 (23.71%) countries achieved the millennium development goals. Comparison between 2000 and 2013, there was significant difference between low and high mortality groups in six continents (P<0.05), there was no significant difference between the moderate death groups (P>0.05), there was no significant difference in the ratio of infection to non infectious diseases between the middle and low mortality groups (P>0.05), however there was significant difference between the high mortality groups (P<0.05). There was significant difference in the average decline of U5MR and the ratio of non infectious diseases between low and medium, middle and high mortality groups (P<0.05). The Global U5MR had significant regional differences, the highest U5MR was in Africa, the lowest U5MR was in Europe, the medium U5MR was in North America, Oceania, South America, Asia was becoming the middle level. The U5MR was highly correlated with the ratio of infection to non-infectious diseases in every country (r_2000y=0.934,r_2013y=0.911,P<0.05), and it was low negatively correlated with GDP per capita (r_2000y=–0.443,r_2013y=–0.433,P<0.05). Conclusions  There is a long way to reduce global child mortality. Prevention and control should focus on Africa and Asia. Prevention and control of infectious diseases is an effective measure for middle and high mortality countries. Prevention and control of non-infectious diseases is an important measure for low mortality countries. Increasing health investment is an important means to further reduce global U5MR.

Citation： LI Hongbin. Analysis of global under 5 years old mortality rate based on "World Health Statistics 2015". Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2017, 17(3): 269-275. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.201701051 Copy