The diagnostic value of positron emission tomography in Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

XU Xiaoqing , SHI Jing , ZHOU Yingyi , NI Jingnian , YANG Fan ,  TIAN Jinzhou

Department of Encephalopathy (III), Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

TIAN Jinzhou, Email: jztian@hotmail.com

Keywords：

Alzheimer’s disease; Positron emission tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose; Amyloid-β; Diagnostic test; Systematic review; Meta-analysis

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.202005053

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To systematically review the diagnostic value of FDG-PET, Aβ-PET and tau-PET for Alzheimer ’s disease (AD).Methods PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP and CBM databases were electronically searched to collect diagnostic tests of FDG-PET, Aβ-PET and tau-PET for AD from January 2000 to February 2020. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies; then, meta-analysis was performed by Meta-Disc 1.4 and Stata 14.0 software.Results A total of 31 studies involving 3 718 subjects were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, using normal population as control, the sensitivity/specificity of FDG-PET and Aβ-PET in diagnosing AD were 0.853/0.734 and 0.824/0.771, respectively. Only 2 studies were included for tau-PET and meta-analysis was not performed.Conclusions FDG-PET and Aβ-PET can provide good diagnostic accuracy for AD, and their diagnostic efficacy is similar. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify the above conclusions.

Citation： XU Xiaoqing, SHI Jing, ZHOU Yingyi, NI Jingnian, YANG Fan, TIAN Jinzhou. The diagnostic value of positron emission tomography in Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2021, 21(1): 47-54. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.202005053 Copy

1.	Zhao X, Li X. The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in the Chinese Han population: a meta-analysis. Neurol Res, 2020, 42(4): 291-298.
2.	Alzheimer's association. 2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement, 2020, 16: 391-460.
3.	Hyman BT, Trojanowski JQ. Consensus recommendations for the postmortem diagnosis of Alzheimer disease from the National Institute on Aging and the Reagan Institute Working Group on diagnostic criteria for the neuropathological assessment of Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 1997, 56(10): 1095-1097.
4.	McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H, et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement, 2011, 7(3): 263-269.
5.	Jack CR, Bennett DA, Blennow K, et al. NIA-AA Research Framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement, 2018, 14(4): 535-562.
6.	Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med, 2009, 6(7): e1000097.
7.	McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, et al. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology, 1984, 34(7): 939-944.
8.	Mirra SS, Heyman A, McKeel D, et al. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part II. Standardization of the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 1991, 41(4): 479-486.
9.	Agdeppa ED, Kepe V, Liu J, et al. 2-Dialkylamino-6-acylmalononitrile substituted naphthalenes (DDNP analogs): novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Imaging Biol, Nov-Dec 2003, 5(6): 404-417.
10.	Whiting PF, Rutjes AW, Westwood ME, et al. QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med, 2011, 155(8): 529-536.
11.	邬兰, 张永, 曾宪涛. QUADAS-2 在诊断准确性研究的质量评价工具中的应用. 湖北医药学院学报, 2013, 32(3): 201-208.
12.	Silverman DH, Small GW, Chang CY, et al. Positron emission tomography in evaluation of dementia: Regional brain metabolism and long-term outcome. JAMA, 2001, 286(17): 2120-2127.
13.	Minoshima S, Foster NL, Sima AA, et al. Alzheimer's disease versus dementia with Lewy bodies: cerebral metabolic distinction with autopsy confirmation. Ann Neurol, 2001, 50(3): 358-365.
14.	Mosconi L, De Santi S, Li Y, et al. Visual rating of medial temporal lobe metabolism in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease using FDG-PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2006, 33(2): 210-221.
15.	Foster NL, Heidebrink JL, Clark CM, et al. FDG-PET improves accuracy in distinguishing frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Brain, 2007, 130(10): 2616-2635.
16.	Li Y, Rinne JO, Mosconi L, et al. Regional analysis of FDG and PIB-PET images in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2008, 35(12): 2169-2181.
17.	Mosconi L, Tsui WH, Herholz K, et al. Multicenter standardized 18F-FDG PET diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and other dementias. J Nucl Med, 2008, 49(3): 390-398.
18.	Lim SM, Katsifis A, Villemagne VL, et al. The 18F-FDG PET cingulate island sign and comparison to 123I-beta-CIT SPECT for diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies. J Nucl Med, 2009, 50(10): 1638-1645.
19.	余大富, Mintun MA. 人脑前扣带回皮质喙部在¹¹C-PIB PET 诊断阿尔茨海默病型痴呆中的价值. 昆明: 云南省第一人民医院, 2009.
20.	Barthel H, Luthardt J, Becker G, et al. Individualized quantification of brain β-amyloid burden: results of a proof of mechanism phase 0 florbetaben PET trial in patients with Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2011, 38(9): 1702-1714.
21.	Barthel H, Gertz HJ, Dresel S, et al. Cerebral amyloid-β PET with florbetaben (18F) in patients with Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls: a multicentre phase 2 diagnostic study. Lancet Neurol, 2011, 10(5): 424-435.
22.	Rabinovici GD, Rosen HJ, Alkalay A, et al. Amyloid vs FDG-PET in the differential diagnosis of AD and FTLD. Neurology, 2011, 77(23): 2034-2042.
23.	Jack CR, Knopman DS, Weigand SD, et al. An operational approach to National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association criteria for preclinical Alzheimer disease. Ann Neurol, 2012, 71(6): 765-775.
24.	Clark CM, Pontecorvo MJ, Beach TG, et al. Cerebral PET with florbetapir compared with neuropathology at autopsy for detection of neuritic amyloid-β plaques: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol, 2012, 11(8): 669-678.
25.	Camus V, Payoux P, Barré L, et al. Using PET with 18F-AV-45 (florbetapir) to quantify brain amyloid load in a clinical environment. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2012, 39(4): 621-631.
26.	Saint-Aubert L, Nemmi F, Péran P, et al. Comparison between PET template-based method and MRI-based method for cortical quantification of florbetapir (AV-45) uptake in vivo. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2014, 41(5): 836-843.
27.	Fu L, Liu L, Zhang J, et al. Comparison of dual-biomarker PIB-PET and dual-tracer PET in AD diagnosis. Eur Radiol, 2014, 24(11): 2800-2809.
28.	O'Brien JT, Firbank MJ, Davison C, et al. 18F-FDG PET and perfusion SPECT in the diagnosis of Alzheimer and Lewy body dementias. J Nucl Med, 2014, 55(12): 1959-1965.
29.	Curtis C, Gamez JE, Singh U, et al. Phase 3 trial of flutemetamol labeled with radioactive fluorine 18 imaging and neuritic plaque density. JAMA Neurol, 2015, 72(3): 287-294.
30.	Tosun D, Schuff N, Rabinovici GD, et al. Diagnostic utility of ASL-MRI and FDG-PET in the behavioral variant of FTD and AD. Ann Clin Transl Neurol, 2016, 3(10): 740-751.
31.	Daouk J, Bouzerar R, Chaarani B, et al. Use of dynamic 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to investigate choroid plexus function in Alzheimer's disease. Exp Gerontol, 2016, 77: 62-68.
32.	Ikonomovic MD, Buckley CJ, Heurling K, et al. Post-mortem histopathology underlying β-amyloid PET imaging following flutemetamol F 18 injection. Acta Neuropathol Commun, 2016, 4(1): 130.
33.	Salloway S, Gamez JE, Singh U, et al. Performance of [18F] flutemetamol amyloid imaging against the neuritic plaque component of CERAD and the current (2012) NIA-AA recommendations for the neuropathologic diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement (Amst), 2017, 9: 25-34.
34.	Ossenkoppele R, Rabinovici GD, Smith R, et al. Discriminative accuracy of [18F]flortaucipir positron emission tomography for Alzheimer disease vs other neurodegenerative disorders. JAMA, 2018, 320(11): 1151-1162.
35.	Oliveira F, Leuzy A, Castelhano J, et al. Data driven diagnostic classification in Alzheimer's disease based on different reference regions for normalization of PiB-PET images and correlation with CSF concentrations of Aβ species. Neuroimage Clin, 2018, 20: 603-610.
36.	Ben Bouallègue F, Vauchot F, Mariano-Goulart D, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of amyloid PET textural and shape features: comparison with classical semi-quantitative rating in 760 patients from the ADNI-2 database. Brain Imaging Behav, 2019, 13(1): 111-125.
37.	赵玉瑾, 甘景环, 刘帅, 等. 认知障碍患者 11C-PIB-PET 检查的意义. 阿尔茨海默病及相关病, 2019, 2(1): 261-265.
38.	Maass A, Berron D, Harrison TM, et al. Alzheimer's pathology targets distinct memory networks in the ageing brain. Brain, 2019, 142(8): 2492-2509.
39.	Müller EG, Edwin TH, Stokke C, et al. Amyloid-β PET—Correlation with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and prediction of Alzheimer´s disease diagnosis in a memory clinic. PLoS One, 2019, 14(8): e0221365.
40.	Li WW, Shen YY, Tian DY, et al. Brain amyloid-β deposition and blood biomarkers in patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis, 2019, 69(1): 169-178.
41.	Ferrari BL, De Carvalho Campos Neto G, Nucci MP, et al. The accuracy of hippocampal volumetry and glucose metabolism for the diagnosis of patients with suspected Alzheimer's disease, using automatic quantitative clinical tools. Medicine, 2019, 98: 45.
42.	Lee I, Na HR, Byun BH, et al. Clinical usefulness of 18F-FC119S positron-emission tomography as an auxiliary diagnostic method for dementia: An open-label, single-dose, evaluator-blind clinical trial. J Clin Neurol, 2020, 16(1): 131-139.
43.	Harris JM, Thompson JC, Gall C, et al. Do NIA-AA criteria distinguish Alzheimer's disease from frontotemporal dementia? Alzheimers Dement, 2015, 11(2): 207-215.
44.	Beach TG, Monsell SE, Phillips LE, et al. Accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease at National Institute on Aging Alzheimer Disease Centers, 2005-2010. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 2012, 71(4): 266-273.
45.	Knopman DS, DeKosky ST, Cummings JL, et al. Practice parameter: diagnosis of dementia (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology, 2001, 56(9): 1143-1153.
46.	Dubois B, Feldman HH, Jacova C, et al. Advancing research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease: the IWG-2 criteria. Lancet Neurol, 2014, 13(6): 614-629.
47.	Mathis CA, Bacskai BJ, Kajdasz ST, et al. A lipophilic thioflavin-T derivative for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of amyloid in brain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 2002, 12(3): 295-298.
48.	Nestor PJ, Altomare D, Festari C, et al. Clinical utility of FDG-PET for the differential diagnosis among the main forms of dementia. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2018, 45(9): 1509-1525.
49.	Hall B, Mak E, Cervenka S, et al. in vivo tau PET imaging in dementia: Pathophysiology, radiotracer quantification, and a systematic review of clinical findings. Ageing Res Rev, 2017, 36: 50-63.
50.	Xia C, Dickerson BC. Multimodal PET imaging of amyloid and tau pathology in Alzheimer disease and non-Alzheimer disease dementias. PET Clin, 2017, 12(3): 351-359.
51.	Yousaf T, Dervenoulas G, Valkimadi PE, et al. Neuroimaging in Lewy body dementia. J Neurol, 2019, 266(1): 1-26.
52.	Ossenkoppele R, Schonhaut DR, Schöll M, et al. Tau PET patterns mirror clinical and neuroanatomical variability in Alzheimer's disease. Brain, 2016, 139(Pt 5): 1551-1567.
53.	Johnson KA, Minoshima S, Bohnen NI, et al. Appropriate use criteria for amyloid PET: a report of the Amyloid Imaging Task Force, the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, and the Alzheimer's Association. J Nucl Med, 2013, 54(3): 476-490.

1. Zhao X, Li X. The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in the Chinese Han population: a meta-analysis. Neurol Res, 2020, 42(4): 291-298.
2. Alzheimer's association. 2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement, 2020, 16: 391-460.
3. Hyman BT, Trojanowski JQ. Consensus recommendations for the postmortem diagnosis of Alzheimer disease from the National Institute on Aging and the Reagan Institute Working Group on diagnostic criteria for the neuropathological assessment of Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 1997, 56(10): 1095-1097.
4. McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H, et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement, 2011, 7(3): 263-269.
5. Jack CR, Bennett DA, Blennow K, et al. NIA-AA Research Framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement, 2018, 14(4): 535-562.
6. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med, 2009, 6(7): e1000097.
7. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, et al. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology, 1984, 34(7): 939-944.
8. Mirra SS, Heyman A, McKeel D, et al. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part II. Standardization of the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 1991, 41(4): 479-486.
9. Agdeppa ED, Kepe V, Liu J, et al. 2-Dialkylamino-6-acylmalononitrile substituted naphthalenes (DDNP analogs): novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Imaging Biol, Nov-Dec 2003, 5(6): 404-417.
10. Whiting PF, Rutjes AW, Westwood ME, et al. QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med, 2011, 155(8): 529-536.
11. 邬兰, 张永, 曾宪涛. QUADAS-2 在诊断准确性研究的质量评价工具中的应用. 湖北医药学院学报, 2013, 32(3): 201-208.
12. Silverman DH, Small GW, Chang CY, et al. Positron emission tomography in evaluation of dementia: Regional brain metabolism and long-term outcome. JAMA, 2001, 286(17): 2120-2127.
13. Minoshima S, Foster NL, Sima AA, et al. Alzheimer's disease versus dementia with Lewy bodies: cerebral metabolic distinction with autopsy confirmation. Ann Neurol, 2001, 50(3): 358-365.
14. Mosconi L, De Santi S, Li Y, et al. Visual rating of medial temporal lobe metabolism in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease using FDG-PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2006, 33(2): 210-221.
15. Foster NL, Heidebrink JL, Clark CM, et al. FDG-PET improves accuracy in distinguishing frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Brain, 2007, 130(10): 2616-2635.
16. Li Y, Rinne JO, Mosconi L, et al. Regional analysis of FDG and PIB-PET images in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2008, 35(12): 2169-2181.
17. Mosconi L, Tsui WH, Herholz K, et al. Multicenter standardized 18F-FDG PET diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and other dementias. J Nucl Med, 2008, 49(3): 390-398.
18. Lim SM, Katsifis A, Villemagne VL, et al. The 18F-FDG PET cingulate island sign and comparison to 123I-beta-CIT SPECT for diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies. J Nucl Med, 2009, 50(10): 1638-1645.
19. 余大富, Mintun MA. 人脑前扣带回皮质喙部在¹¹C-PIB PET 诊断阿尔茨海默病型痴呆中的价值. 昆明: 云南省第一人民医院, 2009.
20. Barthel H, Luthardt J, Becker G, et al. Individualized quantification of brain β-amyloid burden: results of a proof of mechanism phase 0 florbetaben PET trial in patients with Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2011, 38(9): 1702-1714.
21. Barthel H, Gertz HJ, Dresel S, et al. Cerebral amyloid-β PET with florbetaben (18F) in patients with Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls: a multicentre phase 2 diagnostic study. Lancet Neurol, 2011, 10(5): 424-435.
22. Rabinovici GD, Rosen HJ, Alkalay A, et al. Amyloid vs FDG-PET in the differential diagnosis of AD and FTLD. Neurology, 2011, 77(23): 2034-2042.
23. Jack CR, Knopman DS, Weigand SD, et al. An operational approach to National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association criteria for preclinical Alzheimer disease. Ann Neurol, 2012, 71(6): 765-775.
24. Clark CM, Pontecorvo MJ, Beach TG, et al. Cerebral PET with florbetapir compared with neuropathology at autopsy for detection of neuritic amyloid-β plaques: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol, 2012, 11(8): 669-678.
25. Camus V, Payoux P, Barré L, et al. Using PET with 18F-AV-45 (florbetapir) to quantify brain amyloid load in a clinical environment. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2012, 39(4): 621-631.
26. Saint-Aubert L, Nemmi F, Péran P, et al. Comparison between PET template-based method and MRI-based method for cortical quantification of florbetapir (AV-45) uptake in vivo. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2014, 41(5): 836-843.
27. Fu L, Liu L, Zhang J, et al. Comparison of dual-biomarker PIB-PET and dual-tracer PET in AD diagnosis. Eur Radiol, 2014, 24(11): 2800-2809.
28. O'Brien JT, Firbank MJ, Davison C, et al. 18F-FDG PET and perfusion SPECT in the diagnosis of Alzheimer and Lewy body dementias. J Nucl Med, 2014, 55(12): 1959-1965.
29. Curtis C, Gamez JE, Singh U, et al. Phase 3 trial of flutemetamol labeled with radioactive fluorine 18 imaging and neuritic plaque density. JAMA Neurol, 2015, 72(3): 287-294.
30. Tosun D, Schuff N, Rabinovici GD, et al. Diagnostic utility of ASL-MRI and FDG-PET in the behavioral variant of FTD and AD. Ann Clin Transl Neurol, 2016, 3(10): 740-751.
31. Daouk J, Bouzerar R, Chaarani B, et al. Use of dynamic 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to investigate choroid plexus function in Alzheimer's disease. Exp Gerontol, 2016, 77: 62-68.
32. Ikonomovic MD, Buckley CJ, Heurling K, et al. Post-mortem histopathology underlying β-amyloid PET imaging following flutemetamol F 18 injection. Acta Neuropathol Commun, 2016, 4(1): 130.
33. Salloway S, Gamez JE, Singh U, et al. Performance of [18F] flutemetamol amyloid imaging against the neuritic plaque component of CERAD and the current (2012) NIA-AA recommendations for the neuropathologic diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement (Amst), 2017, 9: 25-34.
34. Ossenkoppele R, Rabinovici GD, Smith R, et al. Discriminative accuracy of [18F]flortaucipir positron emission tomography for Alzheimer disease vs other neurodegenerative disorders. JAMA, 2018, 320(11): 1151-1162.
35. Oliveira F, Leuzy A, Castelhano J, et al. Data driven diagnostic classification in Alzheimer's disease based on different reference regions for normalization of PiB-PET images and correlation with CSF concentrations of Aβ species. Neuroimage Clin, 2018, 20: 603-610.
36. Ben Bouallègue F, Vauchot F, Mariano-Goulart D, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of amyloid PET textural and shape features: comparison with classical semi-quantitative rating in 760 patients from the ADNI-2 database. Brain Imaging Behav, 2019, 13(1): 111-125.
37. 赵玉瑾, 甘景环, 刘帅, 等. 认知障碍患者 11C-PIB-PET 检查的意义. 阿尔茨海默病及相关病, 2019, 2(1): 261-265.
38. Maass A, Berron D, Harrison TM, et al. Alzheimer's pathology targets distinct memory networks in the ageing brain. Brain, 2019, 142(8): 2492-2509.
39. Müller EG, Edwin TH, Stokke C, et al. Amyloid-β PET—Correlation with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and prediction of Alzheimer´s disease diagnosis in a memory clinic. PLoS One, 2019, 14(8): e0221365.
40. Li WW, Shen YY, Tian DY, et al. Brain amyloid-β deposition and blood biomarkers in patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis, 2019, 69(1): 169-178.
41. Ferrari BL, De Carvalho Campos Neto G, Nucci MP, et al. The accuracy of hippocampal volumetry and glucose metabolism for the diagnosis of patients with suspected Alzheimer's disease, using automatic quantitative clinical tools. Medicine, 2019, 98: 45.
42. Lee I, Na HR, Byun BH, et al. Clinical usefulness of 18F-FC119S positron-emission tomography as an auxiliary diagnostic method for dementia: An open-label, single-dose, evaluator-blind clinical trial. J Clin Neurol, 2020, 16(1): 131-139.
43. Harris JM, Thompson JC, Gall C, et al. Do NIA-AA criteria distinguish Alzheimer's disease from frontotemporal dementia? Alzheimers Dement, 2015, 11(2): 207-215.
44. Beach TG, Monsell SE, Phillips LE, et al. Accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease at National Institute on Aging Alzheimer Disease Centers, 2005-2010. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 2012, 71(4): 266-273.
45. Knopman DS, DeKosky ST, Cummings JL, et al. Practice parameter: diagnosis of dementia (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology, 2001, 56(9): 1143-1153.
46. Dubois B, Feldman HH, Jacova C, et al. Advancing research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease: the IWG-2 criteria. Lancet Neurol, 2014, 13(6): 614-629.
47. Mathis CA, Bacskai BJ, Kajdasz ST, et al. A lipophilic thioflavin-T derivative for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of amyloid in brain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 2002, 12(3): 295-298.
48. Nestor PJ, Altomare D, Festari C, et al. Clinical utility of FDG-PET for the differential diagnosis among the main forms of dementia. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2018, 45(9): 1509-1525.
49. Hall B, Mak E, Cervenka S, et al. in vivo tau PET imaging in dementia: Pathophysiology, radiotracer quantification, and a systematic review of clinical findings. Ageing Res Rev, 2017, 36: 50-63.
50. Xia C, Dickerson BC. Multimodal PET imaging of amyloid and tau pathology in Alzheimer disease and non-Alzheimer disease dementias. PET Clin, 2017, 12(3): 351-359.
51. Yousaf T, Dervenoulas G, Valkimadi PE, et al. Neuroimaging in Lewy body dementia. J Neurol, 2019, 266(1): 1-26.
52. Ossenkoppele R, Schonhaut DR, Schöll M, et al. Tau PET patterns mirror clinical and neuroanatomical variability in Alzheimer's disease. Brain, 2016, 139(Pt 5): 1551-1567.
53. Johnson KA, Minoshima S, Bohnen NI, et al. Appropriate use criteria for amyloid PET: a report of the Amyloid Imaging Task Force, the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, and the Alzheimer's Association. J Nucl Med, 2013, 54(3): 476-490.

Previous Article
Efficacy and safety of controlled hypotension for total hip or knee replacement: a meta-analysis
Next Article
Association between migraine and lacunar infarcts on MR image: a meta-analysis

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

The diagnostic value of positron emission tomography in Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Next Article

Format

Content