Meta-analysis of the difference of peripheral inflammatory factors in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

LI Zongyang , NI Jingnian , WEI Mingqing , LI Ting , SHI Jing ,  TIAN Jinzhou

Dong Zhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

TIAN Jinzhou, Email: jztian@hotmail.com

Keywords：

Alzheimer’s disease; Vascular dementia; Inflammatory factor; Difference; Systematic review

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.202010132

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To systematically review the data of peripheral inflammatory markers in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) to further indicate pathogenesis and antidiastole.Methods PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect studies on peripheral inflammatory markers in patients with AD and VaD from inception to July 2020. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias of included studies, and meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 15.1SE software.Results A total of 30 studies involving 2 377 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the IL-6 level was higher in VaD group than that in AD group (SMD=−0.477, 95%CI −0.944 to −0.009, P=0.046). However, there were no statistical difference in peripheral IL-1β (SMD=−0.034, 95%CI −0.325 to 0.257, P=0.818), TNF-α (SMD=0.409, 95%CI −0.152 to 0.970, P=0.153) or CRP (SMD=0.277, 95%CI −0.228 to 0.782, P=0.282) levels.Conclusions These findings suggest that IL-6 may be sensitive markers to distinguish AD from VaD. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are required to verify the conclusions.

Citation： LI Zongyang, NI Jingnian, WEI Mingqing, LI Ting, SHI Jing, TIAN Jinzhou. Meta-analysis of the difference of peripheral inflammatory factors in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2021, 21(5): 578-585. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.202010132 Copy

1.	Rubio-Perez JM, Morillas-Ruiz JM. A review: inflammatory process in Alzheimer's disease, role of cytokines. ScientificWorldJournal, 2012, 2012: 756357.
2.	Weisman D, Hakimian E, Ho GJ. Interleukins, inflammation, and mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease. Vitam Horm, 2006, 74: 505-530.
3.	Tarkowski E, Liljeroth AM, Minthon L, et al. Cerebral pattern of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in dementias. Brain Res Bull, 2003, 61(3): 255-260.
4.	Wada-Isoe K, Wakutani Y, Urakami K, et al. Elevated interleukin-6 levels in cerebrospinal fluid of vascular dementia patients. Acta Neurol Scand, 2004, 110(2): 124-127.
5.	Yasutake C, Kuroda K, Yanagawa T, et al. Serum BDNF, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels in dementia patients: comparison between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 2006, 256(7): 402-406.
6.	Zuliani G, Ranzini M, Guerra G, et al. Plasma cytokines profile in older subjects with late onset Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia. J Psychiatr Res, 2007, 41(8): 686-693.
7.	Uslu S, Akarkarasu ZE, Ozbabalik D, et al. Levels of amyloid beta-42, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Neurochem Res, 2012, 37(7): 1554-1559.
8.	De Luigi A, Fragiacomo C, Lucca U, et al. Inflammatory markers in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia. Mech Ageing Dev, 2001, 122(16): 1985-1995.
9.	丁彬彬, 邬建民, 介勇, 等. 阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆患者血清炎症因子和生化指标的检测及临床意义. 检验医学, 2016, 31(5): 363-367.
10.	丁彬彬, 邓飞飞, 徐坚, 等. 阿尔茨海默病患者血清炎性因子与血凝指标的变化. 疑难病杂志, 2017, 16(1): 32-35.
11.	于恺, 张强, 韩杰. 阿尔茨海默病患者血清和脑脊液中肿瘤坏死因子 α 及白细胞介素 8 的水平. 中国临床康复, 2005, 9(45): 21-23.
12.	亢涛. 阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆患者血清炎症因子和生化指标的检测及临床意义. 检验医学与临床, 2019, 16(20): 2966-2968.
13.	侯燕, 陈民, 王金侠. 老年期痴呆患者的血脂, C 反应蛋白水平及认知功能. 中国老年学杂志, 2016, 36(11): 2643-2644.
14.	倪红芬, 胡瑾瑾, 沈晔. 老年痴呆患者血清同型半胱氨酸、C 反应蛋白、叶酸、维生素 B12 检测分析. 中国高等医学教育, 2016, (5): 133, 137.
15.	刘俊恒, 陈正林. 阿尔茨海默病及血管性痴呆患者血清胆固醇、IL-6和VitB12等水平的临床观测. 江苏大学学报(医学版), 2006, 16(1): 48-49, 52.
16.	刘俊恒, 潘继承, 朱建一, 等. 阿尔茨海默病及血管性痴呆患者血脂、CRP、高半胱氨酸等指标的比较. 临床检验杂志, 2006, 24(4): 311-312.
17.	刘玲, 罗高权, 刘琦. 老年痴呆患者代谢指标及炎症因子的水平及意义. 中国老年学杂志, 2016, 36(23): 5858-5860.
18.	原铁铮. 阿尔茨海默病与血管性痴呆患者血脂及 CRP 水平变化. 中国老年学杂志, 2011, 31(8): 1439-1440.
19.	吴佳慧. 老年性痴呆与血管性痴呆临床量表评分、中医证候及血清学指标比较分析. 北京: 北京中医药大学, 2018.
20.	周田田. 在阿尔茨海默症与血管性痴呆患者的血清细胞炎性因子及血脂比较研究. 中国民康医学, 2015, (11): 4-5.
21.	张兰. 同型半胱氨酸和 C 反应蛋白对阿尔茨海默病与血管性痴呆的鉴别诊断价值. 中国实用医药, 2016, 11(11): 113-114.
22.	彭艳, 常运奇, 肖飞. 血浆 C 反应蛋白在三种重度痴呆患者中的比较. 饮食保健, 2018, 5(36): 13-14.
23.	方丽丽. 超敏 C 反应蛋白和同型半胱氨酸在鉴别阿尔茨海默病及血管性痴呆中的对比分析. 齐齐哈尔医学院学报, 2016, 37(14): 1831-1832.
24.	方芳, 蒋安杰, 晏勇, 等. 炎症因子及脂质代谢在阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆中的临床意义. 中国老年学杂志, 2010, 30(24): 3632-3633.
25.	朱咏新, 周维智, 刘晓红, 等. 痴呆患者血浆凝血及炎性因子变化的相关性研究. 脑与神经疾病杂志, 2008, 16(5): 622-626.
26.	李龙宣, 赵斌, 许志恩, 等. 痴呆患者血清和脑脊液中炎前和抗炎细胞因子的变化. 第四军医大学学报, 2007, 28(5): 453-455.
27.	杨春华, 徐雯霞, 庞小芬. 老年痴呆患者代谢指标及炎症因子的临床分析. 中华老年多器官疾病杂志, 2015, (8): 616-619.
28.	王静, 杜红兴. 血管性痴呆和阿尔茨海默病血清炎症因子、临床生化指标的变化. 中国医学创新, 2020, 17(9): 40-44.
29.	胡军, 原琳琳, 胡长春, 等. 早期阿尔茨海默病血清 CRP IL-6TG 及血浆 HDL-C 诊断分析. 中国实用神经疾病杂志, 2017, 20(15): 9-11.
30.	蔡志友, 晏勇, 晏宁, 等. 阿尔茨海默病患者血清中血管内皮生长因子和炎症因子相关性研究. 中国老年学杂志, 2008, 28(10): 998-999.
31.	邬烈铭, 朱文芳, 裴瑜, 等. 老年性痴呆患者认知功能与血清炎性细胞因子浓度的相关研究. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2012, 6(11): 2970-2973.
32.	陈贱兰, 陈前萍, 曾顺生. 老年痴呆患者血清同型半胱氨酸、C 反应蛋白、叶酸、维生素 B12 检测研究. 当代医学, 2017, 23(28): 39-41.
33.	靳秀, 王圣海, 马晓佳, 等. 痴呆患者认知功能障碍与血清 IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、Hcy、hs-CRP 和 IL-1RA 水平的相关性. 精神医学杂志, 2019, 32(2): 111-114.
34.	韩杰, 王琳, 张昱, 等. 阿尔茨海默病患者血清和脑脊液中白细胞介素-6 及白细胞介素-6 受体水平的研究. 中国临床神经科学, 2002, 10(1): 64-66.
35.	黄燕. 老年不同类型痴呆与血浆 C-反应蛋白、同型半胱氨酸的相关性分析. 兵团医学, 2014, 42(4): 7-8.
36.	Lai KSP, Liu CS, Rau A, et al. Peripheral inflammatory markers in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 175 studies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2017, 88(10): 876-882.
37.	Janelidze S, Mattsson N, Stomrud E, et al. CSF biomarkers of neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular dysfunction in early Alzheimer disease. Neurology, 2018, 91(9): e867-e877.
38.	Miwa K, Okazaki S, Sakaguchi M, et al. Interleukin-6, interleukin-6 receptor gene variant, small-vessel disease and incident dementia. Eur J Neurol, 2016, 23(3): 656-663.
39.	Sudduth TL, Weekman EM, Price BR, et al. Time-course of glial changes in the hyperhomocysteinemia model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Neuroscience, 2017, 341: 42-51.
40.	Pan W, Zhu W, Gao Q, et al. Effect of Yin-Xing-Tong-Zhi tablets on improving vascular cognitive impairment no dementia. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2018, 2018: 6184260.
41.	Kaptoge S, Seshasai SR, Gao P, et al. Inflammatory cytokines and risk of coronary heart disease: new prospective study and updated meta-analysis. Eur Heart J, 2014, 35(9): 578-589.
42.	Jenny NS, Tracy RP, Ogg MS, et al. In the elderly, interleukin-6 plasma levels and the -174G> C polymorphism are associated with the development of cardiovascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2002, 22(12): 2066-2071.
43.	Harris TB, Ferrucci L, Tracy RP, et al. Associations of elevated interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels with mortality in the elderly. Am J Med, 1999, 106(5): 506-512.
44.	Hoshi T, Kitagawa K, Yamagami H, et al. Relations of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels with silent brain infarction. Stroke, 2005, 36(4): 768-772.
45.	Waje-Andreassen U, Kråkenes J, Ulvestad E, et al. IL-6: an early marker for outcome in acute ischemic stroke. Acta Neurol Scand, 2005, 111(6): 360-365.
46.	Gigante B, Strawbridge RJ, Velasquez IM, et al. Analysis of the role of interleukin 6 receptor haplotypes in the regulation of circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers and risk of coronary heart disease. PLoS One, 2015, 10(3): e0119980.
47.	Held C, White HD, Stewart RAH, et al. Inflammatory biomarkers interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein and outcomes in stable coronary heart disease: experiences from the STABILITY (Stabilization of Atherosclerotic Plaque by Initiation of Darapladib Therapy) Trial. J Am Heart Assoc, 2017, 6(10): e005077.
48.	Zhang F, Jiang L. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 2015, 11: 243-256.
49.	Dá Mesquita S, Ferreira AC, Sousa JC, et al. Insights on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease: The crosstalk between amyloid pathology, neuroinflammation and the peripheral immune system. Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 2016, 68: 547-562.
50.	段新飞, 宋利宏, 董小雪, 等. 不同年龄阶段血管性痴呆患者脑脊液中炎症因子检测及其临床意义. 标记免疫分析与临床, 2020, 27(7): 1208-1212.
51.	Angelopoulos P, Agouridaki H, Vaiopoulos H, et al. Cytokines in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Int J Neurosci, 2008, 118(12): 1659-1672.
52.	Baranowska-Bik A, Bik W, Wolinska-Witort E, et al. Plasma beta amyloid and cytokine profile in women with Alzheimer's disease. Neuro Endocrinol Lett, 2008, 29(1): 75-79.
53.	Bonotis K, Krikki E, Holeva V, et al. Systemic immune aberrations in Alzheimer's disease patients. J Neuroimmunol, 2008, 193(1-2): 183-187.
54.	Chou RC, Kane M, Ghimire S, et al. Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and risk of alzheimer's disease: a nested case-control analysis. CNS Drugs, 2016, 30(11): 1111-1120.
55.	Deardorff WJ, Grossberg GT. Targeting neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: evidence for NSAIDs and novel therapeutics. Expert Rev Neurother, 2017, 17(1): 17-32.
56.	Schweingruber N, Reichardt SD, Lühder F, et al. Mechanisms of glucocorticoids in the control of neuroinflammation. J Neuroendocrinol, 2012, 24(1): 174-182.

1. Rubio-Perez JM, Morillas-Ruiz JM. A review: inflammatory process in Alzheimer's disease, role of cytokines. ScientificWorldJournal, 2012, 2012: 756357.
2. Weisman D, Hakimian E, Ho GJ. Interleukins, inflammation, and mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease. Vitam Horm, 2006, 74: 505-530.
3. Tarkowski E, Liljeroth AM, Minthon L, et al. Cerebral pattern of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in dementias. Brain Res Bull, 2003, 61(3): 255-260.
4. Wada-Isoe K, Wakutani Y, Urakami K, et al. Elevated interleukin-6 levels in cerebrospinal fluid of vascular dementia patients. Acta Neurol Scand, 2004, 110(2): 124-127.
5. Yasutake C, Kuroda K, Yanagawa T, et al. Serum BDNF, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels in dementia patients: comparison between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 2006, 256(7): 402-406.
6. Zuliani G, Ranzini M, Guerra G, et al. Plasma cytokines profile in older subjects with late onset Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia. J Psychiatr Res, 2007, 41(8): 686-693.
7. Uslu S, Akarkarasu ZE, Ozbabalik D, et al. Levels of amyloid beta-42, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Neurochem Res, 2012, 37(7): 1554-1559.
8. De Luigi A, Fragiacomo C, Lucca U, et al. Inflammatory markers in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia. Mech Ageing Dev, 2001, 122(16): 1985-1995.
9. 丁彬彬, 邬建民, 介勇, 等. 阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆患者血清炎症因子和生化指标的检测及临床意义. 检验医学, 2016, 31(5): 363-367.
10. 丁彬彬, 邓飞飞, 徐坚, 等. 阿尔茨海默病患者血清炎性因子与血凝指标的变化. 疑难病杂志, 2017, 16(1): 32-35.
11. 于恺, 张强, 韩杰. 阿尔茨海默病患者血清和脑脊液中肿瘤坏死因子 α 及白细胞介素 8 的水平. 中国临床康复, 2005, 9(45): 21-23.
12. 亢涛. 阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆患者血清炎症因子和生化指标的检测及临床意义. 检验医学与临床, 2019, 16(20): 2966-2968.
13. 侯燕, 陈民, 王金侠. 老年期痴呆患者的血脂, C 反应蛋白水平及认知功能. 中国老年学杂志, 2016, 36(11): 2643-2644.
14. 倪红芬, 胡瑾瑾, 沈晔. 老年痴呆患者血清同型半胱氨酸、C 反应蛋白、叶酸、维生素 B12 检测分析. 中国高等医学教育, 2016, (5): 133, 137.
15. 刘俊恒, 陈正林. 阿尔茨海默病及血管性痴呆患者血清胆固醇、IL-6和VitB12等水平的临床观测. 江苏大学学报(医学版), 2006, 16(1): 48-49, 52.
16. 刘俊恒, 潘继承, 朱建一, 等. 阿尔茨海默病及血管性痴呆患者血脂、CRP、高半胱氨酸等指标的比较. 临床检验杂志, 2006, 24(4): 311-312.
17. 刘玲, 罗高权, 刘琦. 老年痴呆患者代谢指标及炎症因子的水平及意义. 中国老年学杂志, 2016, 36(23): 5858-5860.
18. 原铁铮. 阿尔茨海默病与血管性痴呆患者血脂及 CRP 水平变化. 中国老年学杂志, 2011, 31(8): 1439-1440.
19. 吴佳慧. 老年性痴呆与血管性痴呆临床量表评分、中医证候及血清学指标比较分析. 北京: 北京中医药大学, 2018.
20. 周田田. 在阿尔茨海默症与血管性痴呆患者的血清细胞炎性因子及血脂比较研究. 中国民康医学, 2015, (11): 4-5.
21. 张兰. 同型半胱氨酸和 C 反应蛋白对阿尔茨海默病与血管性痴呆的鉴别诊断价值. 中国实用医药, 2016, 11(11): 113-114.
22. 彭艳, 常运奇, 肖飞. 血浆 C 反应蛋白在三种重度痴呆患者中的比较. 饮食保健, 2018, 5(36): 13-14.
23. 方丽丽. 超敏 C 反应蛋白和同型半胱氨酸在鉴别阿尔茨海默病及血管性痴呆中的对比分析. 齐齐哈尔医学院学报, 2016, 37(14): 1831-1832.
24. 方芳, 蒋安杰, 晏勇, 等. 炎症因子及脂质代谢在阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆中的临床意义. 中国老年学杂志, 2010, 30(24): 3632-3633.
25. 朱咏新, 周维智, 刘晓红, 等. 痴呆患者血浆凝血及炎性因子变化的相关性研究. 脑与神经疾病杂志, 2008, 16(5): 622-626.
26. 李龙宣, 赵斌, 许志恩, 等. 痴呆患者血清和脑脊液中炎前和抗炎细胞因子的变化. 第四军医大学学报, 2007, 28(5): 453-455.
27. 杨春华, 徐雯霞, 庞小芬. 老年痴呆患者代谢指标及炎症因子的临床分析. 中华老年多器官疾病杂志, 2015, (8): 616-619.
28. 王静, 杜红兴. 血管性痴呆和阿尔茨海默病血清炎症因子、临床生化指标的变化. 中国医学创新, 2020, 17(9): 40-44.
29. 胡军, 原琳琳, 胡长春, 等. 早期阿尔茨海默病血清 CRP IL-6TG 及血浆 HDL-C 诊断分析. 中国实用神经疾病杂志, 2017, 20(15): 9-11.
30. 蔡志友, 晏勇, 晏宁, 等. 阿尔茨海默病患者血清中血管内皮生长因子和炎症因子相关性研究. 中国老年学杂志, 2008, 28(10): 998-999.
31. 邬烈铭, 朱文芳, 裴瑜, 等. 老年性痴呆患者认知功能与血清炎性细胞因子浓度的相关研究. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2012, 6(11): 2970-2973.
32. 陈贱兰, 陈前萍, 曾顺生. 老年痴呆患者血清同型半胱氨酸、C 反应蛋白、叶酸、维生素 B12 检测研究. 当代医学, 2017, 23(28): 39-41.
33. 靳秀, 王圣海, 马晓佳, 等. 痴呆患者认知功能障碍与血清 IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、Hcy、hs-CRP 和 IL-1RA 水平的相关性. 精神医学杂志, 2019, 32(2): 111-114.
34. 韩杰, 王琳, 张昱, 等. 阿尔茨海默病患者血清和脑脊液中白细胞介素-6 及白细胞介素-6 受体水平的研究. 中国临床神经科学, 2002, 10(1): 64-66.
35. 黄燕. 老年不同类型痴呆与血浆 C-反应蛋白、同型半胱氨酸的相关性分析. 兵团医学, 2014, 42(4): 7-8.
36. Lai KSP, Liu CS, Rau A, et al. Peripheral inflammatory markers in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 175 studies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2017, 88(10): 876-882.
37. Janelidze S, Mattsson N, Stomrud E, et al. CSF biomarkers of neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular dysfunction in early Alzheimer disease. Neurology, 2018, 91(9): e867-e877.
38. Miwa K, Okazaki S, Sakaguchi M, et al. Interleukin-6, interleukin-6 receptor gene variant, small-vessel disease and incident dementia. Eur J Neurol, 2016, 23(3): 656-663.
39. Sudduth TL, Weekman EM, Price BR, et al. Time-course of glial changes in the hyperhomocysteinemia model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Neuroscience, 2017, 341: 42-51.
40. Pan W, Zhu W, Gao Q, et al. Effect of Yin-Xing-Tong-Zhi tablets on improving vascular cognitive impairment no dementia. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2018, 2018: 6184260.
41. Kaptoge S, Seshasai SR, Gao P, et al. Inflammatory cytokines and risk of coronary heart disease: new prospective study and updated meta-analysis. Eur Heart J, 2014, 35(9): 578-589.
42. Jenny NS, Tracy RP, Ogg MS, et al. In the elderly, interleukin-6 plasma levels and the -174G> C polymorphism are associated with the development of cardiovascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2002, 22(12): 2066-2071.
43. Harris TB, Ferrucci L, Tracy RP, et al. Associations of elevated interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels with mortality in the elderly. Am J Med, 1999, 106(5): 506-512.
44. Hoshi T, Kitagawa K, Yamagami H, et al. Relations of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels with silent brain infarction. Stroke, 2005, 36(4): 768-772.
45. Waje-Andreassen U, Kråkenes J, Ulvestad E, et al. IL-6: an early marker for outcome in acute ischemic stroke. Acta Neurol Scand, 2005, 111(6): 360-365.
46. Gigante B, Strawbridge RJ, Velasquez IM, et al. Analysis of the role of interleukin 6 receptor haplotypes in the regulation of circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers and risk of coronary heart disease. PLoS One, 2015, 10(3): e0119980.
47. Held C, White HD, Stewart RAH, et al. Inflammatory biomarkers interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein and outcomes in stable coronary heart disease: experiences from the STABILITY (Stabilization of Atherosclerotic Plaque by Initiation of Darapladib Therapy) Trial. J Am Heart Assoc, 2017, 6(10): e005077.
48. Zhang F, Jiang L. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 2015, 11: 243-256.
49. Dá Mesquita S, Ferreira AC, Sousa JC, et al. Insights on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease: The crosstalk between amyloid pathology, neuroinflammation and the peripheral immune system. Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 2016, 68: 547-562.
50. 段新飞, 宋利宏, 董小雪, 等. 不同年龄阶段血管性痴呆患者脑脊液中炎症因子检测及其临床意义. 标记免疫分析与临床, 2020, 27(7): 1208-1212.
51. Angelopoulos P, Agouridaki H, Vaiopoulos H, et al. Cytokines in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Int J Neurosci, 2008, 118(12): 1659-1672.
52. Baranowska-Bik A, Bik W, Wolinska-Witort E, et al. Plasma beta amyloid and cytokine profile in women with Alzheimer's disease. Neuro Endocrinol Lett, 2008, 29(1): 75-79.
53. Bonotis K, Krikki E, Holeva V, et al. Systemic immune aberrations in Alzheimer's disease patients. J Neuroimmunol, 2008, 193(1-2): 183-187.
54. Chou RC, Kane M, Ghimire S, et al. Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and risk of alzheimer's disease: a nested case-control analysis. CNS Drugs, 2016, 30(11): 1111-1120.
55. Deardorff WJ, Grossberg GT. Targeting neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: evidence for NSAIDs and novel therapeutics. Expert Rev Neurother, 2017, 17(1): 17-32.
56. Schweingruber N, Reichardt SD, Lühder F, et al. Mechanisms of glucocorticoids in the control of neuroinflammation. J Neuroendocrinol, 2012, 24(1): 174-182.

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Meta-analysis of the difference of peripheral inflammatory factors in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Next Article

Format

Content