Chinese rapid guideline for bowel preparation related to the diagnosis and treatment of children’s digestive endoscopy (2020, Xi’an)_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

 Pediatric Collaborative Group, Association of Digestive Endoscopy, Chinese Society of Medicine ,  Pediatric Digestive Endoscopy Special Committee of Endoscopic Physicians Branch of Chinese Medical Association

;

Corresponding author：

Pediatric Collaborative Group, Association of Digestive Endoscopy, Chinese Society of Medicine, Email: linghuenqiang@vip.sina.com; Pediatric Digestive Endoscopy Special Committee of Endoscopic Physicians Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Email: 970910576@qq.com

Keywords：

Digestive endoscopy; Bowel preparation; Children; Guideline

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.202012004

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

With the popularization of digestive endoscopy in children, colonoscopy has been widely used. As the basis of digestive endoscopy, bowel preparation directly affects the diagnosis and treatment results of colonoscopy. Compared with adults, the functioning of important organs of children is immature, and their ability of cognition, communication and tolerance are weak. Their structure of the digestive tract is also significantly different in different ages. However, there have been no existing evidence-based guidelines on bowel preparation for digestive endoscopy of Chinese children. Therefore, it is important to develop evidence-based guidelines for bowel preparation combined with the clinical practice in China. In order to provide guidance and decision-making basis for Chinese pediatricians, we collaborated with multidisciplinary experts, based on existing evidence, adopted the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach, followed the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) to develop this guideline for bowel preparation related to the diagnosis and treatment of children's digestive endoscopy.

Citation： Pediatric Collaborative Group, Association of Digestive Endoscopy, Chinese Society of Medicine, Pediatric Digestive Endoscopy Special Committee of Endoscopic Physicians Branch of Chinese Medical Association. Chinese rapid guideline for bowel preparation related to the diagnosis and treatment of children’s digestive endoscopy (2020, Xi’an). Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2021, 21(3): 249-259. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.202012004 Copy

1.	方莹, 李巍, 张澍田. 发展儿童内镜助力健康中国. 中华消化内镜杂志, 2019, 36(1): 3-5.
2.	中国医师协会内镜医师分会消化内镜专业委员会, 中国抗癌协会肿瘤内镜学专业委员会. 中国消化内镜诊疗相关肠道准备指南(2019, 上海). 中华内科杂志, 2019, 58(7): 485-495.
3.	孙梅. 儿童消化系统解剖生理特点. 王卫平, 孙锟, 常立文. 儿科学(第9版). 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2018: 208.
4.	Tringali A, Thomson M, Dumonceau JM, et al. Pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) guideline executive summary. Endoscopy, 2017, 49(1): 83-91.
5.	中华医学会消化内镜学分会儿科协作组. 中国儿童胃镜结肠镜检查规范操作专家共识. 中国实用儿科杂志, 2018, 33(11): 817-820.
6.	World Health Organization. WHO handbook for guideline development (2nd ed). Vienna: World Health Organization, 2014.
7.	蒋朱明, 詹思延, 贾晓巍, 等. 制订/修订《临床诊疗指南》的基本方法及程序. 中华医学杂志, 2016, 96(4): 250-253.
8.	Brouwers MC, Kho ME, Browman GP, et al. AGREE Ⅱ: Advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care. CMAJ, 2010, 182(18): E839-842.
9.	Chen Y, Yang K, Marušic A, et al. A reporting tool for practice guidelines in health care: the RIGHT statement. Ann Intern Med, 2017, 166(2): 128-132.
10.	陈耀龙, 王小琴, 王琪, 等. 遵循指南报告规范提升指南报告质量. 中华内科杂志, 2018, 57(3): 168-170.
11.	Shea BJ, Grimshaw JM, Wells GA, et al. Development of AMSTAR: a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol, 2007, 7(2): 1-7.
12.	Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, et al. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ, 2011, 343: d5928.
13.	Whiting PF, Rutjes AW, Westwood ME, et al. QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med, 2011, 155(8): 529-536.
14.	Wells GA, Shea BJ, O'Connell D, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 2013, (3): 1-4.
15.	Moga C, Guo B, Schopflocher D, et al. Development of a quality appraisal tool for case series studies using a modified Delphi technique. Edmonton AB: Institute of Health Economics, 2012.
16.	Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA, et al. GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. J Clin Epidemiol, 2011, 64(4): 383-394.
17.	陈耀龙, 姚亮, 杜亮, 等. GRADE在系统评价中应用的必要性及注意事项. 中国循证医学杂志, 2013, 13(12): 1401-1404.
18.	姚亮, 陈耀龙, 杜亮, 等. GRADE在诊断准确性试验系统评价中应用的实例解析. 中国循证医学杂志, 2014, 14(11): 1407-1412.
19.	陈耀龙, 姚亮, 杜亮, 等. GRADE在诊断准确性试验系统评价中应用的原理、方法、挑战及发展趋势. 中国循证医学杂志, 2014, 14(11): 1402-1406.
20.	杨楠, 肖淑君, 周奇, 等. GRADE在网状Meta分析中应用的基本原理和方法介绍. 中国循证医学杂志, 2016, 16(5): 598-603.
21.	Vernooij RW, Alonso-Coello P, Brouwers M, et al. Reporting items for updated clinical guidelines: checklist for the reporting of updated guidelines (Checkup). PLoS Med, 2017, 14(1): e1002207.
22.	Clark BT, Rustagi T, Laine L. What level of bowel prep quality requires early repeat colonoscopy: systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of preparation quality on adenoma detection rate? Am J Gastroenterol, 2014, 109(11): 1714-1723.
23.	Liang Y, Xin W, Yang Y, et al. Application of care bundles in bowel preparation for colonoscopy in children. Ann Palliat Med, 2019, 8(4): 476-482.
24.	Chang CW, Shih SC, Wang HY, et al. Meta-analysis: the effect of patient education on bowel preparation for colonoscopy. Endosc Int Open, 2015, 3(6): E646-652.
25.	Kurlander JE, Sondhi AR, Waljee AK, et al. How efficacious are patient education interventions to improve bowel preparation for colonoscopy? A systematic review. PloS One, 2016, 11(10): e0164442.
26.	Guo X, Li X, Wang Z, et al. Reinforced education improves the quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PloS One, 2020, 15(4): e0231888.
27.	Desai M, Nutalapati V, Bansal A, et al. Use of smartphone applications to improve quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endosc Int Open, 2019, 7(2): E216-E224.
28.	卢小艳, 白姣姣, 王峥. 结肠镜检查前肠道准备健康教育效果的Meta分析. 护理研究, 2018, 32(10): 1537-1542.
29.	Ye Z, Chen J, Xuan Z, et al. Educational video improves bowel preparation in patients undergoing colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Palliat Med, 2020, 9(3): 671-680.
30.	Tae JW, Lee JC, Hong SJ, et al. Impact of patient education with cartoon visual aids on the quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc, 2012, 76(4): 804-811.
31.	Turner D, Levine A, Weiss B, et al. Evidence-based recommendations for bowel cleansing before colonoscopy in children: a report from a national working group. Endoscopy, 2010, 42(12): 1063-1070.
32.	Hassan C, East J, Radaelli F, et al. Bowel preparation for colonoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline - update 2019. Endoscopy, 2019, 51(8): 775-794.
33.	Medline Plus. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000205.htm.
34.	Medline Plus. Available at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000200.htm.
35.	Mytyk A, Lazowska-Przeorek I, Karolewska-Bochenek K, et al. Clear liquid versus low-fibre diet in bowel cleansing for colonoscopy in children: a randomized trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2018, 66(5): 720-724.
36.	Zhang X, Wu Q, Wei M, et al. Low-residual diet versus clear-liquid diet for bowel preparation before colonoscopy: meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. Gastrointest Endosc, 2020, 92(3): 508-518.
37.	NSW Ministry of Health. Caring for children birth to 5 years (food, nutrition and learning experiences), 2014. Available at: https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/heal/Pages/caring-for-children-manual.aspx.
38.	Trautwein AL, Vinitski LA, Peck SN. Bowel preparation before colonoscopy in the pediatric patient: a randomized study. Gastroenterol Nurs, 1996, 19(4): 137-139.
39.	Jiao L, Wang J, Zhao W, et al. Comparison of the effect of 1-day and 2-day low residue diets on the quality of bowel preparation before colonoscopy. Saudi J Gastroenterol, 2020, 26(3): 137-143.
40.	Nunes G, Barata AT, Santos CA, et al. Nutritional deficiency during colonoscopy preparation: the forgotten iatrogeny. Rev Esp Enferm Dig, 2018, 110(5): 285-291.
41.	张丽, 赵明娟, 赵猛超. 复方聚乙二醇电解质散和小百肽联合清洁灌肠在小儿电子纤维结肠镜检查中的肠道清洁效果研究. 河北医药, 2015, (19): 3032-3033.
42.	Aronchick C, Lipshultz W, Wright S. Validation of an instrument to assess colon cleansing. Am J Gastroenterol, 1999, 94: 2667.
43.	Rostom A, Jolicoeur E. Validation of a new scale for the assessment of bowel preparation quality. Gastrointest Endosc, 2004, 59(4): 482-486.
44.	Lai EJ, Calderwood AH, Doros G, et al. The Boston bowel preparation scale: a valid and reliable instrument for colonoscopy-oriented research. Gastrointest Endosc, 2009, 69(3 Pt 2): 620-625.
45.	Halphen M, Heresbach D, Gruss HJ, et al. Validation of the Harefield Cleansing Scale: a tool for the evaluation of bowel cleansing quality in both research and clinical practice. Gastrointest Endosc, 2013, 78(1): 121-131.
46.	Gerard D, Raiser M, Holden J, et al. Validation of a new bowel preparation scale for measuring colon cleansing for colonoscopy: The Chicago Bowel Preparation Scale. Clin Transl Gastroenterol, 2013, 4: 1-11.
47.	Parmar R, Martel M, Rostom A, et al. Validated scales for colon cleansing: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol, 2016, 111(2): 197-204.
48.	高燕, 张厚德, 林木贤, 等. Boston肠道准备量表应用的信度评估. 中华消化内镜杂志, 2012, 29(2): 78-80.
49.	McNally PR, Maydonovitch CL, Wong RK. The effectiveness of simethicone in improving visibility during colonoscopy: a double-blind randomized study. Gastrointest Endosc, 1988, 34(3): 255-258.
50.	Parente F, Vailati C, Bargiggia S, et al. 2-Litre polyethylene glycol-citrate-simethicone plus bisacodyl versus 4-litre polyethylene glycol as preparation for colonoscopy in chronic constipation. Dig Liver Dis, 2015, 47(10): 857-863.
51.	Sriphongphankul H, Tanpowpong P, Lertudomphonwanit C, et al. Split dose versus full single-dose regimen of polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation in pediatric colonoscopy: a pilot study of randomized controlled trial. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019, 31(11): 1382-1386.
52.	Walia R, Steffen R, Feinberg L, et al. Tolerability, safety, and efficacy of PEG 3350 as a 1-day bowel preparation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2013, 56(2): 225-228.
53.	Merkel SI, Voepel-Lewis T, Shayevitz JR, et al. The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs, 1997, 23(3): 293-297.
54.	Crellin DJ, Harrison D, Santamaria N, et al. Systematic review of the face, legs, activity, cry and consolability scale for assessing pain in infants and children: is it reliable, valid, and feasible for use? Pain, 2015, 156(11): 2132-2151.
55.	Kim HG, Huh KC, Koo HS, et al. Sodium Picosulfate with Magnesium Citrate (SPMC) plus laxative is a good alternative to conventional large volume polyethylene glycol in bowel preparation: a multicenter randomized single-blinded trial. Gut Liver, 2015, 9(4): 494-501.
56.	Jeon SR, Kim HG, Lee JS, et al. Randomized controlled trial of low-volume bowel preparation agents for colonic bowel preparation: 2-L polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid versus sodium picosulfate with magnesium citrate. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2015, 30(2): 251-258.
57.	Kierkus J, Horvath A, Szychta M, et al. High- versus low-volume polyethylene glycol plus laxative versus sennosides for colonoscopy preparation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2013, 57(2): 230-235.
58.	WHO/UNICEF. Global strategy for infant and young child feeding. Geneva: WHO, 2003: 7-8.
59.	ASGE Standards of Practice Committee, Lightdale JR, Acosta R, et al. Modifications in endoscopic practice for pediatric patients. Gastrointest Endosc, 2014, 79(5): 699-710.
60.	Kumar A, Hussain A. Preoperative bowel preparation in children: polyethylene glycol versus normal saline. Afr J Paediatr Surg, 2013, 10(3): 235-238.
61.	张丽艳, 林小辛. 不同肠镜术前准备方法在小儿消化肠镜检查的前肠道准备. 中国卫生标准管理, 2019, 10(23): 46-48.
62.	Pall H, Zacur GM, Kramer RE, et al. Bowel preparation for pediatric colonoscopy: report of the NASPGHAN endoscopy and procedures committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2014, 59(3): 409-416.
63.	Gordon M, Karlsen F, Isaji S, et al. Bowel preparation for elective procedures in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Paediatr Open, 2017, 1: e000118.
64.	Wallace Acioli Freire de Gois, Averbach M, Ejima FH, et al. Randomised clinical trial: 1-day bowel preparation vs. 2-day bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol 3350-a controlled study of efficacy in children bowel preparation for colonoscopy. Fukuoka: Conference Abstract Book of BIT's 2nd Annual World Congress of Digestive Disease, 2017.
65.	Tripathi PR, Poddar U, Yachha SK, et al. Efficacy of single- versus split-dose polyethylene glycol for colonic preparation in children: a randomized control study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2020, 70(1): e1-e6.
66.	苏彩日, 韦彩香, 劳有益. 和爽与潘泻叶冲饮在小儿肠道镜检查前肠道准备中的应用效果比较. 临床合理用药杂志, 2016, 9(16): 50-51, 53.
67.	郭明, 韩丽. 和爽与潘泻叶冲饮在小儿结肠镜检查前肠道准备中的应用. 医学新知, 2018, (A01): 695-696.
68.	袁小源, 徐秀堂, 李明. 乳果糖口服液在儿童结肠镜检查前肠道准备中的应用. 中国保健营养(中旬刊), 2013, (6): 550-551.
69.	段伯平, 欧阳文献, 徐斌. 乳果糖口服溶液用于儿童结肠镜检查前肠道准备. 护理学杂志, 2010, 25(21): 40-41.
70.	欧阳文献, 陈昌斌, 陈志勇, 等. 不同方式的肠道准备在儿童结肠镜检查中的效果观察. 中华消化内镜杂志, 2011, 28(8): 466-467.
71.	胡绍正, 杜红宇, 邹文书. 甘露醇和蓖麻油在儿童结肠镜肠道准备中的对比研究. 泰山医学院学报, 2018, 39(2): 175-177.
72.	蒙淑芝, 陈凤琼. 开塞露不同给药方式对便秘治疗的效果观察. 华夏医学, 2008, 21(2): 369-370.
73.	王伟, 刘俊梅, 邹琴. 复方聚乙二醇电解质散剂与甘露醇清洁肠道的临床观察. 检验医学与临床, 2009, 6(12): 993-994.
74.	Hassall E, Lobe TE. Risky business: oral sodium phosphate for precolonoscopy bowel preparation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2007, 45(2): 268-269.
75.	Mendoza J, Legido J, Rubio S, et al. Systematic review: the adverse effects of sodium phosphate enema. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2007, 26(1): 9-20.
76.	Johnson DA, Barkun AN, Cohen LB, et al. Optimizing adequacy of bowel cleansing for colonoscopy: recommendations from the US multi-society task force on colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology, 2014, 147(4): 903-924.
77.	方浩然. 儿童结肠镜检查前肠道准备的研究进展. 国际儿科学杂志, 2019, 46(10): 733-736.
78.	杨荣英, 何结平, 袁淑卿. 少年儿童结肠镜检查前肠道准备不良的相关因素分析. 中国内镜杂志, 2019, 25(5): 32-36.
79.	Fang J, Fu HY, Ma D, et al. Constipation, fiber intake and non-compliance contribute to inadequate colonoscopy bowel preparation: a prospective cohort study. J Dig Dis, 2016, 17(7): 458-463.
80.	余卓文, 顾莺, 黄瑛, 等. Bristol粪便性状评估表在儿童结肠镜检查前肠道准备中的应用研究. 中华消化内镜杂志, 2019, 36(1): 25-30.
81.	仲艳阳. 再次口服缓泻剂与清洁灌肠对普通结肠镜检查肠道准备不充分患者补救效果的对比研究. 中国内镜杂志, 2020, 26(5): 15-19.
82.	Yang HJ, Park DI, Park SK, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing colonoscopic enema with additional oral preparation as a salvage for inadequate bowel cleansing before colonoscopy. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2019, 53(8): e308-e315.
83.	张志宏, 邱春华, 李良平. 比较西甲硅油不同使用方法在胶囊内镜肠道准备中的效果. 中华消化内镜杂志, 2016, 33(7): 473-475.
84.	Li Y, Xing S, Chen R, et al. The effect of oral polyethylene glycol combined with simethicone for colonoscopy on cecal intubation rate, tolerability and acceptability: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Gastroenterol Belg, 2019, 82(3): 407-415.
85.	串俊兰, 吕晶. 西甲硅油应用于肠道准备的有效性及安全性的系统评价. 实用医院临床杂志, 2015, (6): 144-147.
86.	罗艳红, 易利纯, 游洁玉. 不同肠道准备方案在儿童单气囊小肠镜检查中的应用效果对比. 临床小儿外科杂志, 2019, 18(3): 229-232.
87.	Oliva S, Cucchiara S, Spada C, et al. Small bowel cleansing for capsule endoscopy in paediatric patients: a prospective randomized single-blind study. Dig Liver Dis, 2014, 46(1): 51-55.
88.	Li DF, Luo MH, Du QQ, et al. Efficacy of low-dose versus high-dose simethicone with polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation: A prospective randomized controlled trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 35(9): 1488-1494.
89.	Kim H, Ko BM, Goong HJ, et al. Optimal timing of simethicone addition for bowel preparation using polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid. Dig Dis Sci, 2019, 64(9): 2607-2613.
90.	杨孝孝, 戴夫, 彭琼, 等. 不同时间口服二甲硅油对结肠镜检查效果的影响. 胃肠病学和肝病学杂志, 2018, 27(7): 756-759.
91.	Enns RA, Hookey L, Armstrong D, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the use of video capsule endoscopy. Gastroenterology, 2017, 152(3): 497-514.
92.	中华医学会消化内镜学分会小肠镜和胶囊内镜学组. 中国小肠镜临床应用指南. 中华消化内镜杂志, 2018, 35(10): 693-702.
93.	Wu S, Gao YJ, Ge ZZ. Optimal use of polyethylene glycol for preparation of small bowel video capsule endoscopy: a network meta-analysis. Curr Med Res Opin, 2017, 33(6): 1149-1154.
94.	Wu S, Zhong L, Zheng P, et al. Low-dose and same day use of polyethylene glycol improves image of video capsule endoscopy: A multi-center randomized clinical trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 35(4): 634-640.
95.	邓涛, 徐红, 杨雪丽, 等. 两种不同时间口服聚乙二醇对小肠胶囊内镜肠道准备效果影响的多中心随机对照研究. 第三军医大学学报, 2018, 40(21): 1973-1977.
96.	Albert J, Göbel CM, Lesske J, et al. Simethicone for small bowel preparation for capsule endoscopy: a systematic, single-blinded, controlled study. Gastrointest Endosc, 2004, 59(4): 487-491.
97.	Lenze F, Nowacki T, Schöppner S, et al. Bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol 3350 or fasting only before peroral single-balloon enteroscopy: a randomized european multicenter trial. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2020, 54(2): 170-174.
98.	van den Berg MM, Benninga MA, Di Lorenzo C. Epidemiology of childhood constipation: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol, 2006, 101(10): 2401-2409.
99.	Yıldar M, Yaman İ, Başbuğ M, et al. A new approach in bowel preparation before colonoscopy in patients with constipation: a prospective, randomized, investigator-blinded trial. Turk J Surg, 2017, 33(1): 29-32.
100.	Lu J, Cao Q, Wang X, et al. Application of oral lactulose in combination with polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder for colonoscopy bowel preparation in patients with constipation. Am J Ther, 2016, 23(4): e1020-1024.
101.	李静娴, 赖敏莉, 冼笑儿. 聚乙二醇联合开塞露提高便秘病人肠镜检查肠道清洁度的效果研究. 当代护士(学术版), 2014, (8): 125-126.
102.	Barkun A, Chiba N, Enns R, et al. Commonly used preparations for colonoscopy: efficacy, tolerability, and safety--a Canadian Association of Gastroenterology position paper. Can J Gastroenterol, 2006, 20(11): 699-710.
103.	Restellini S, Kherad O, Bessissow T, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of colon cleansing preparations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol, 2017, 23(32): 5994-6002.
104.	Briot C, Faure P, Parmentier AL, et al. Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of low-volume bowel preparations for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: the French multicentre CLEAN study. J Crohns Colitis, 2019, 13(9): 1121-1130.
105.	秦榕, 高建鹏, 尧颖, 等. 下消化道出血患者经不同肠道准备后急诊肠镜检查的效果比较. 中华消化内镜杂志, 2018, 35(3): 212-214.
106.	Saito K, Inamori M, Sekino Y, et al. Management of acute lower intestinal bleeding: what bowel preparation should be required for urgent colonoscopy? Hepatogastroenterology, 2009, 56(94-95): 1331-1334.
107.	Lim DS, Kim HG, Jeon SR, et al. Comparison of clinical effectiveness of the emergent colonoscopy in patients with hematochezia according to the type of bowel preparation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2013, 28(11): 1733-1737.
108.	Trustworthy IOMU, Guidelines CP. Clinical practice guidelines we can trust. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US), 2011.

1. 方莹, 李巍, 张澍田. 发展儿童内镜助力健康中国. 中华消化内镜杂志, 2019, 36(1): 3-5.
2. 中国医师协会内镜医师分会消化内镜专业委员会, 中国抗癌协会肿瘤内镜学专业委员会. 中国消化内镜诊疗相关肠道准备指南(2019, 上海). 中华内科杂志, 2019, 58(7): 485-495.
3. 孙梅. 儿童消化系统解剖生理特点. 王卫平, 孙锟, 常立文. 儿科学(第9版). 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2018: 208.
4. Tringali A, Thomson M, Dumonceau JM, et al. Pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) guideline executive summary. Endoscopy, 2017, 49(1): 83-91.
5. 中华医学会消化内镜学分会儿科协作组. 中国儿童胃镜结肠镜检查规范操作专家共识. 中国实用儿科杂志, 2018, 33(11): 817-820.
6. World Health Organization. WHO handbook for guideline development (2nd ed). Vienna: World Health Organization, 2014.
7. 蒋朱明, 詹思延, 贾晓巍, 等. 制订/修订《临床诊疗指南》的基本方法及程序. 中华医学杂志, 2016, 96(4): 250-253.
8. Brouwers MC, Kho ME, Browman GP, et al. AGREE Ⅱ: Advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care. CMAJ, 2010, 182(18): E839-842.
9. Chen Y, Yang K, Marušic A, et al. A reporting tool for practice guidelines in health care: the RIGHT statement. Ann Intern Med, 2017, 166(2): 128-132.
10. 陈耀龙, 王小琴, 王琪, 等. 遵循指南报告规范提升指南报告质量. 中华内科杂志, 2018, 57(3): 168-170.
11. Shea BJ, Grimshaw JM, Wells GA, et al. Development of AMSTAR: a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol, 2007, 7(2): 1-7.
12. Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, et al. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ, 2011, 343: d5928.
13. Whiting PF, Rutjes AW, Westwood ME, et al. QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med, 2011, 155(8): 529-536.
14. Wells GA, Shea BJ, O'Connell D, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 2013, (3): 1-4.
15. Moga C, Guo B, Schopflocher D, et al. Development of a quality appraisal tool for case series studies using a modified Delphi technique. Edmonton AB: Institute of Health Economics, 2012.
16. Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA, et al. GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. J Clin Epidemiol, 2011, 64(4): 383-394.
17. 陈耀龙, 姚亮, 杜亮, 等. GRADE在系统评价中应用的必要性及注意事项. 中国循证医学杂志, 2013, 13(12): 1401-1404.
18. 姚亮, 陈耀龙, 杜亮, 等. GRADE在诊断准确性试验系统评价中应用的实例解析. 中国循证医学杂志, 2014, 14(11): 1407-1412.
19. 陈耀龙, 姚亮, 杜亮, 等. GRADE在诊断准确性试验系统评价中应用的原理、方法、挑战及发展趋势. 中国循证医学杂志, 2014, 14(11): 1402-1406.
20. 杨楠, 肖淑君, 周奇, 等. GRADE在网状Meta分析中应用的基本原理和方法介绍. 中国循证医学杂志, 2016, 16(5): 598-603.
21. Vernooij RW, Alonso-Coello P, Brouwers M, et al. Reporting items for updated clinical guidelines: checklist for the reporting of updated guidelines (Checkup). PLoS Med, 2017, 14(1): e1002207.
22. Clark BT, Rustagi T, Laine L. What level of bowel prep quality requires early repeat colonoscopy: systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of preparation quality on adenoma detection rate? Am J Gastroenterol, 2014, 109(11): 1714-1723.
23. Liang Y, Xin W, Yang Y, et al. Application of care bundles in bowel preparation for colonoscopy in children. Ann Palliat Med, 2019, 8(4): 476-482.
24. Chang CW, Shih SC, Wang HY, et al. Meta-analysis: the effect of patient education on bowel preparation for colonoscopy. Endosc Int Open, 2015, 3(6): E646-652.
25. Kurlander JE, Sondhi AR, Waljee AK, et al. How efficacious are patient education interventions to improve bowel preparation for colonoscopy? A systematic review. PloS One, 2016, 11(10): e0164442.
26. Guo X, Li X, Wang Z, et al. Reinforced education improves the quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PloS One, 2020, 15(4): e0231888.
27. Desai M, Nutalapati V, Bansal A, et al. Use of smartphone applications to improve quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endosc Int Open, 2019, 7(2): E216-E224.
28. 卢小艳, 白姣姣, 王峥. 结肠镜检查前肠道准备健康教育效果的Meta分析. 护理研究, 2018, 32(10): 1537-1542.
29. Ye Z, Chen J, Xuan Z, et al. Educational video improves bowel preparation in patients undergoing colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Palliat Med, 2020, 9(3): 671-680.
30. Tae JW, Lee JC, Hong SJ, et al. Impact of patient education with cartoon visual aids on the quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc, 2012, 76(4): 804-811.
31. Turner D, Levine A, Weiss B, et al. Evidence-based recommendations for bowel cleansing before colonoscopy in children: a report from a national working group. Endoscopy, 2010, 42(12): 1063-1070.
32. Hassan C, East J, Radaelli F, et al. Bowel preparation for colonoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline - update 2019. Endoscopy, 2019, 51(8): 775-794.
33. Medline Plus. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000205.htm.
34. Medline Plus. Available at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000200.htm.
35. Mytyk A, Lazowska-Przeorek I, Karolewska-Bochenek K, et al. Clear liquid versus low-fibre diet in bowel cleansing for colonoscopy in children: a randomized trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2018, 66(5): 720-724.
36. Zhang X, Wu Q, Wei M, et al. Low-residual diet versus clear-liquid diet for bowel preparation before colonoscopy: meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. Gastrointest Endosc, 2020, 92(3): 508-518.
37. NSW Ministry of Health. Caring for children birth to 5 years (food, nutrition and learning experiences), 2014. Available at: https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/heal/Pages/caring-for-children-manual.aspx.
38. Trautwein AL, Vinitski LA, Peck SN. Bowel preparation before colonoscopy in the pediatric patient: a randomized study. Gastroenterol Nurs, 1996, 19(4): 137-139.
39. Jiao L, Wang J, Zhao W, et al. Comparison of the effect of 1-day and 2-day low residue diets on the quality of bowel preparation before colonoscopy. Saudi J Gastroenterol, 2020, 26(3): 137-143.
40. Nunes G, Barata AT, Santos CA, et al. Nutritional deficiency during colonoscopy preparation: the forgotten iatrogeny. Rev Esp Enferm Dig, 2018, 110(5): 285-291.
41. 张丽, 赵明娟, 赵猛超. 复方聚乙二醇电解质散和小百肽联合清洁灌肠在小儿电子纤维结肠镜检查中的肠道清洁效果研究. 河北医药, 2015, (19): 3032-3033.
42. Aronchick C, Lipshultz W, Wright S. Validation of an instrument to assess colon cleansing. Am J Gastroenterol, 1999, 94: 2667.
43. Rostom A, Jolicoeur E. Validation of a new scale for the assessment of bowel preparation quality. Gastrointest Endosc, 2004, 59(4): 482-486.
44. Lai EJ, Calderwood AH, Doros G, et al. The Boston bowel preparation scale: a valid and reliable instrument for colonoscopy-oriented research. Gastrointest Endosc, 2009, 69(3 Pt 2): 620-625.
45. Halphen M, Heresbach D, Gruss HJ, et al. Validation of the Harefield Cleansing Scale: a tool for the evaluation of bowel cleansing quality in both research and clinical practice. Gastrointest Endosc, 2013, 78(1): 121-131.
46. Gerard D, Raiser M, Holden J, et al. Validation of a new bowel preparation scale for measuring colon cleansing for colonoscopy: The Chicago Bowel Preparation Scale. Clin Transl Gastroenterol, 2013, 4: 1-11.
47. Parmar R, Martel M, Rostom A, et al. Validated scales for colon cleansing: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol, 2016, 111(2): 197-204.
48. 高燕, 张厚德, 林木贤, 等. Boston肠道准备量表应用的信度评估. 中华消化内镜杂志, 2012, 29(2): 78-80.
49. McNally PR, Maydonovitch CL, Wong RK. The effectiveness of simethicone in improving visibility during colonoscopy: a double-blind randomized study. Gastrointest Endosc, 1988, 34(3): 255-258.
50. Parente F, Vailati C, Bargiggia S, et al. 2-Litre polyethylene glycol-citrate-simethicone plus bisacodyl versus 4-litre polyethylene glycol as preparation for colonoscopy in chronic constipation. Dig Liver Dis, 2015, 47(10): 857-863.
51. Sriphongphankul H, Tanpowpong P, Lertudomphonwanit C, et al. Split dose versus full single-dose regimen of polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation in pediatric colonoscopy: a pilot study of randomized controlled trial. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019, 31(11): 1382-1386.
52. Walia R, Steffen R, Feinberg L, et al. Tolerability, safety, and efficacy of PEG 3350 as a 1-day bowel preparation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2013, 56(2): 225-228.
53. Merkel SI, Voepel-Lewis T, Shayevitz JR, et al. The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs, 1997, 23(3): 293-297.
54. Crellin DJ, Harrison D, Santamaria N, et al. Systematic review of the face, legs, activity, cry and consolability scale for assessing pain in infants and children: is it reliable, valid, and feasible for use? Pain, 2015, 156(11): 2132-2151.
55. Kim HG, Huh KC, Koo HS, et al. Sodium Picosulfate with Magnesium Citrate (SPMC) plus laxative is a good alternative to conventional large volume polyethylene glycol in bowel preparation: a multicenter randomized single-blinded trial. Gut Liver, 2015, 9(4): 494-501.
56. Jeon SR, Kim HG, Lee JS, et al. Randomized controlled trial of low-volume bowel preparation agents for colonic bowel preparation: 2-L polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid versus sodium picosulfate with magnesium citrate. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2015, 30(2): 251-258.
57. Kierkus J, Horvath A, Szychta M, et al. High- versus low-volume polyethylene glycol plus laxative versus sennosides for colonoscopy preparation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2013, 57(2): 230-235.
58. WHO/UNICEF. Global strategy for infant and young child feeding. Geneva: WHO, 2003: 7-8.
59. ASGE Standards of Practice Committee, Lightdale JR, Acosta R, et al. Modifications in endoscopic practice for pediatric patients. Gastrointest Endosc, 2014, 79(5): 699-710.
60. Kumar A, Hussain A. Preoperative bowel preparation in children: polyethylene glycol versus normal saline. Afr J Paediatr Surg, 2013, 10(3): 235-238.
61. 张丽艳, 林小辛. 不同肠镜术前准备方法在小儿消化肠镜检查的前肠道准备. 中国卫生标准管理, 2019, 10(23): 46-48.
62. Pall H, Zacur GM, Kramer RE, et al. Bowel preparation for pediatric colonoscopy: report of the NASPGHAN endoscopy and procedures committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2014, 59(3): 409-416.
63. Gordon M, Karlsen F, Isaji S, et al. Bowel preparation for elective procedures in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Paediatr Open, 2017, 1: e000118.
64. Wallace Acioli Freire de Gois, Averbach M, Ejima FH, et al. Randomised clinical trial: 1-day bowel preparation vs. 2-day bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol 3350-a controlled study of efficacy in children bowel preparation for colonoscopy. Fukuoka: Conference Abstract Book of BIT's 2nd Annual World Congress of Digestive Disease, 2017.
65. Tripathi PR, Poddar U, Yachha SK, et al. Efficacy of single- versus split-dose polyethylene glycol for colonic preparation in children: a randomized control study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2020, 70(1): e1-e6.
66. 苏彩日, 韦彩香, 劳有益. 和爽与潘泻叶冲饮在小儿肠道镜检查前肠道准备中的应用效果比较. 临床合理用药杂志, 2016, 9(16): 50-51, 53.
67. 郭明, 韩丽. 和爽与潘泻叶冲饮在小儿结肠镜检查前肠道准备中的应用. 医学新知, 2018, (A01): 695-696.
68. 袁小源, 徐秀堂, 李明. 乳果糖口服液在儿童结肠镜检查前肠道准备中的应用. 中国保健营养(中旬刊), 2013, (6): 550-551.
69. 段伯平, 欧阳文献, 徐斌. 乳果糖口服溶液用于儿童结肠镜检查前肠道准备. 护理学杂志, 2010, 25(21): 40-41.
70. 欧阳文献, 陈昌斌, 陈志勇, 等. 不同方式的肠道准备在儿童结肠镜检查中的效果观察. 中华消化内镜杂志, 2011, 28(8): 466-467.
71. 胡绍正, 杜红宇, 邹文书. 甘露醇和蓖麻油在儿童结肠镜肠道准备中的对比研究. 泰山医学院学报, 2018, 39(2): 175-177.
72. 蒙淑芝, 陈凤琼. 开塞露不同给药方式对便秘治疗的效果观察. 华夏医学, 2008, 21(2): 369-370.
73. 王伟, 刘俊梅, 邹琴. 复方聚乙二醇电解质散剂与甘露醇清洁肠道的临床观察. 检验医学与临床, 2009, 6(12): 993-994.
74. Hassall E, Lobe TE. Risky business: oral sodium phosphate for precolonoscopy bowel preparation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2007, 45(2): 268-269.
75. Mendoza J, Legido J, Rubio S, et al. Systematic review: the adverse effects of sodium phosphate enema. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2007, 26(1): 9-20.
76. Johnson DA, Barkun AN, Cohen LB, et al. Optimizing adequacy of bowel cleansing for colonoscopy: recommendations from the US multi-society task force on colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology, 2014, 147(4): 903-924.
77. 方浩然. 儿童结肠镜检查前肠道准备的研究进展. 国际儿科学杂志, 2019, 46(10): 733-736.
78. 杨荣英, 何结平, 袁淑卿. 少年儿童结肠镜检查前肠道准备不良的相关因素分析. 中国内镜杂志, 2019, 25(5): 32-36.
79. Fang J, Fu HY, Ma D, et al. Constipation, fiber intake and non-compliance contribute to inadequate colonoscopy bowel preparation: a prospective cohort study. J Dig Dis, 2016, 17(7): 458-463.
80. 余卓文, 顾莺, 黄瑛, 等. Bristol粪便性状评估表在儿童结肠镜检查前肠道准备中的应用研究. 中华消化内镜杂志, 2019, 36(1): 25-30.
81. 仲艳阳. 再次口服缓泻剂与清洁灌肠对普通结肠镜检查肠道准备不充分患者补救效果的对比研究. 中国内镜杂志, 2020, 26(5): 15-19.
82. Yang HJ, Park DI, Park SK, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing colonoscopic enema with additional oral preparation as a salvage for inadequate bowel cleansing before colonoscopy. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2019, 53(8): e308-e315.
83. 张志宏, 邱春华, 李良平. 比较西甲硅油不同使用方法在胶囊内镜肠道准备中的效果. 中华消化内镜杂志, 2016, 33(7): 473-475.
84. Li Y, Xing S, Chen R, et al. The effect of oral polyethylene glycol combined with simethicone for colonoscopy on cecal intubation rate, tolerability and acceptability: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Gastroenterol Belg, 2019, 82(3): 407-415.
85. 串俊兰, 吕晶. 西甲硅油应用于肠道准备的有效性及安全性的系统评价. 实用医院临床杂志, 2015, (6): 144-147.
86. 罗艳红, 易利纯, 游洁玉. 不同肠道准备方案在儿童单气囊小肠镜检查中的应用效果对比. 临床小儿外科杂志, 2019, 18(3): 229-232.
87. Oliva S, Cucchiara S, Spada C, et al. Small bowel cleansing for capsule endoscopy in paediatric patients: a prospective randomized single-blind study. Dig Liver Dis, 2014, 46(1): 51-55.
88. Li DF, Luo MH, Du QQ, et al. Efficacy of low-dose versus high-dose simethicone with polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation: A prospective randomized controlled trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 35(9): 1488-1494.
89. Kim H, Ko BM, Goong HJ, et al. Optimal timing of simethicone addition for bowel preparation using polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid. Dig Dis Sci, 2019, 64(9): 2607-2613.
90. 杨孝孝, 戴夫, 彭琼, 等. 不同时间口服二甲硅油对结肠镜检查效果的影响. 胃肠病学和肝病学杂志, 2018, 27(7): 756-759.
91. Enns RA, Hookey L, Armstrong D, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the use of video capsule endoscopy. Gastroenterology, 2017, 152(3): 497-514.
92. 中华医学会消化内镜学分会小肠镜和胶囊内镜学组. 中国小肠镜临床应用指南. 中华消化内镜杂志, 2018, 35(10): 693-702.
93. Wu S, Gao YJ, Ge ZZ. Optimal use of polyethylene glycol for preparation of small bowel video capsule endoscopy: a network meta-analysis. Curr Med Res Opin, 2017, 33(6): 1149-1154.
94. Wu S, Zhong L, Zheng P, et al. Low-dose and same day use of polyethylene glycol improves image of video capsule endoscopy: A multi-center randomized clinical trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 35(4): 634-640.
95. 邓涛, 徐红, 杨雪丽, 等. 两种不同时间口服聚乙二醇对小肠胶囊内镜肠道准备效果影响的多中心随机对照研究. 第三军医大学学报, 2018, 40(21): 1973-1977.
96. Albert J, Göbel CM, Lesske J, et al. Simethicone for small bowel preparation for capsule endoscopy: a systematic, single-blinded, controlled study. Gastrointest Endosc, 2004, 59(4): 487-491.
97. Lenze F, Nowacki T, Schöppner S, et al. Bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol 3350 or fasting only before peroral single-balloon enteroscopy: a randomized european multicenter trial. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2020, 54(2): 170-174.
98. van den Berg MM, Benninga MA, Di Lorenzo C. Epidemiology of childhood constipation: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol, 2006, 101(10): 2401-2409.
99. Yıldar M, Yaman İ, Başbuğ M, et al. A new approach in bowel preparation before colonoscopy in patients with constipation: a prospective, randomized, investigator-blinded trial. Turk J Surg, 2017, 33(1): 29-32.
100. Lu J, Cao Q, Wang X, et al. Application of oral lactulose in combination with polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder for colonoscopy bowel preparation in patients with constipation. Am J Ther, 2016, 23(4): e1020-1024.
101. 李静娴, 赖敏莉, 冼笑儿. 聚乙二醇联合开塞露提高便秘病人肠镜检查肠道清洁度的效果研究. 当代护士(学术版), 2014, (8): 125-126.
102. Barkun A, Chiba N, Enns R, et al. Commonly used preparations for colonoscopy: efficacy, tolerability, and safety--a Canadian Association of Gastroenterology position paper. Can J Gastroenterol, 2006, 20(11): 699-710.
103. Restellini S, Kherad O, Bessissow T, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of colon cleansing preparations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol, 2017, 23(32): 5994-6002.
104. Briot C, Faure P, Parmentier AL, et al. Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of low-volume bowel preparations for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: the French multicentre CLEAN study. J Crohns Colitis, 2019, 13(9): 1121-1130.
105. 秦榕, 高建鹏, 尧颖, 等. 下消化道出血患者经不同肠道准备后急诊肠镜检查的效果比较. 中华消化内镜杂志, 2018, 35(3): 212-214.
106. Saito K, Inamori M, Sekino Y, et al. Management of acute lower intestinal bleeding: what bowel preparation should be required for urgent colonoscopy? Hepatogastroenterology, 2009, 56(94-95): 1331-1334.
107. Lim DS, Kim HG, Jeon SR, et al. Comparison of clinical effectiveness of the emergent colonoscopy in patients with hematochezia according to the type of bowel preparation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2013, 28(11): 1733-1737.
108. Trustworthy IOMU, Guidelines CP. Clinical practice guidelines we can trust. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US), 2011.

Next Article
An updated interpretation of 2019 EULAR recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis with pharmacological therapies

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Chinese rapid guideline for bowel preparation related to the diagnosis and treatment of children’s digestive endoscopy (2020, Xi’an)

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Next Article

Format

Content