Correlation between sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction: a systematic review_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

XU Junhua , LI Li , WU Shuang , YANG Jinfeng , YANG Jinqi , YANG Weicheng ,  LIAO Yuanpeng

Department of Sport Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

LIAO Yuanpeng, Email: liaoyuanpeng@cdsu.edu.cn

Keywords：

Sarcopenia; Cognitive dysfunction; Meta-analysis; Systematic review

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.202208067

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To systematically review the correlation between sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction. Methods CNKI, WanFang Data, PubMed, EMbase and Web of Science databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the correlation between sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction from inception to June 15, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed by using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software. Results A total of 13 studies involving 19 262 subjects were included. Meta-analysis showed that the cognitive dysfunction was significantly associated with sarcopenia (OR=1.82, 95%CI 1.58 to 2.11, P<0.01). The results of subgroup analysis showed that the cognitive dysfunction was significantly associated with sarcopenia in Asia and Europe. However, the incidence of cognitive dysfunction in the Americas was not significantly associated with sarcopenia. Conclusion Current evidence shows that there is a significant correlation between sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction, but there may be differences in different regions. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.

Citation： XU Junhua, LI Li, WU Shuang, YANG Jinfeng, YANG Jinqi, YANG Weicheng, LIAO Yuanpeng. Correlation between sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction: a systematic review. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2023, 23(3): 341-345. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.202208067 Copy

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2.	Chen LK, Liu LK, Woo J, et al. Sarcopenia in Asia: consensus report of the Asian working group for sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2014, 15(2): 95-101.
3.	Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, et al. Asian working group for sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2020, 21(3): 300-307.
4.	Han DS, Chang KV, Li CM, et al. Skeletal muscle mass adjusted by height correlated better with muscular functions than that adjusted by body weight in defining sarcopenia. Sci Rep, 2016, 6: 19457.
5.	Pagotto V, Silveira EA. Methods, diagnostic criteria, cutoff points, and prevalence of sarcopenia among older people. Sci World J, 2014, 2014: 231312.
6.	Dent E, Morley JE, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, et al. International clinical practice guidelines for sarcopenia (ICFSR): screening, diagnosis and management. J Nutr Health Aging, 2018, 22(10): 1148-1161.
7.	Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing, 2019, 48(4): 601.
8.	Kalaria RN. Neuropathological diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia with implications for Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol, 2016, 131(5): 659-685.
9.	Launer LJ, Andersen K, Dewey ME, et al. Rates and risk factors for dementia and Alzheimer's disease: results from EURODEM pooled analyses. EURODEM incidence research group and work groups. European studies of dementia. Neurology, 1999, 52(1): 78-84.
10.	Baumgart M, Snyder HM, Carrillo MC, et al. Summary of the evidence on modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia: a population-based perspective. Alzheimers Dement, 2015, 11(6): 718-726.
11.	Peng TC, Chen WL, Wu LW, et al. Sarcopenia and cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr, 2020, 39(9): 2695-2701.
12.	Cabett Cipolli G, Sanches Yassuda M, Aprahamian I. Sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr Health Aging, 2019, 23(6): 525-531.
13.	Chang KV, Hsu TH, Wu WT, et al. Association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2016, 17(12): 1164.e7-1164.e15.
14.	Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol, 2010, 25(9): 603-605.
15.	Rockville MD. AHRQ methods for effective health care. Methods guide for effectiveness and comparative effectiveness reviews. Washington DC: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US), 2008.
16.	Abellan van Kan G, Cesari M, Gillette-Guyonnet S, et al. Sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in elderly women: results from the EPIDOS cohort. Age Ageing, 2013, 42(2): 196-202.
17.	Alexandre Tda S, Duarte YA, Santos JL, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia among elderly in Brazil: findings from the SABE study. J Nutr Health Aging, 2014, 18(3): 284-290.
18.	Bai A, Xu W, Sun J, et al. Associations of sarcopenia and its defining components with cognitive function in community-dwelling oldest old. BMC Geriatr, 2021, 21(1): 292.
19.	Chen X, Han P, Yu X, et al. Relationships between sarcopenia, depressive symptoms, and mild cognitive impairment in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. J Affect Disord, 2021, 286: 71-77.
20.	Hsu YH, Liang CK, Chou MY, et al. Association of cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms and sarcopenia among healthy older men in the veterans retirement community in southern Taiwan: a cross-sectional study. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 2014, 14(Suppl 1): 102-108.
21.	Hu F, Liu H, Liu X, et al. Nutritional status mediates the relationship between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment: findings from the WCHAT study. Aging Clin Exp Res, 2021, 33(12): 3215-3222.
22.	Huang CY, Hwang AC, Liu LK, et al. Association of dynapenia, sarcopenia, and cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older Taiwanese. Rejuvenation Res, 2016, 19(1): 71-78.
23.	Kim M, Won CW. Sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment mainly due to slow gait speed: results from the korean frailty and aging cohort study (KFACS). Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019, 16(9): 1491.
24.	Liu X, Hou L, Xia X, et al. Prevalence of sarcopenia in multi ethnics adults and the association with cognitive impairment: findings from West-China health and aging trend study. BMC Geriatr, 2020, 20(1): 63.
25.	Ogawa Y, Kaneko Y, Sato T, et al. Sarcopenia and muscle functions at various stages of Alzheimer disease. Front Neurol, 2018, 9: 710.
26.	Papachristou E, Ramsay SE, Lennon LT, et al. The relationships between body composition characteristics and cognitive functioning in a population-based sample of older British men. BMC Geriatr, 2015, 15: 172.
27.	Tolea MI, Galvin JE. Sarcopenia and impairment in cognitive and physical performance. Clin Interv Aging, 2015, 10: 663-671.
28.	Yigit B, Oner C, Cetin H, et al. Association between sarcopenia and cognitive functions in older individuals: a cross-sectional study. Ann Geriatr Med Res, 2022, 26(2): 134-139.
29.	Lee I, Cho J, Hong H, et al. Sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment and depression in elderly Korean women. Iran J Pub Health, 2018, 47(3): 327-334.
30.	Nishiguchi S, Yamada M, Shirooka H, et al. Sarcopenia as a risk factor for cognitive deterioration in community-dwelling older adults: a 1-year prospective study. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2016, 17(4): 372.
31.	Zengarini E, Giacconi R, Mancinelli L, et al. Prognosis and interplay of cognitive impairment and sarcopenia in older adults discharged from acute care hospitals. J Clin Med, 2019, 8(10): 1693.
32.	Yalcin A, Aras S, Atmis V, et al. Sarcopenia prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in older people living in a nursing home in Ankara Turkey. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 2016, 16(8): 903-910.
33.	Coelho-Júnior HJ, Trichopoulou A, Panza F. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between adherence to Mediterranean diet with physical performance and cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev, 2021, 70: 101395.
34.	Nieuwenhuizen WF, Weenen H, Rigby P, et al. Older adults and patients in need of nutritional support: review of current treatment options and factors influencing nutritional intake. Clin Nutr, 2010, 29(2): 160-169.
35.	Sui SX, Holloway-Kew KL, Hyde NK, et al. Muscle strength and gait speed rather than lean mass are better indicators for poor cognitive function in older men. Sci Rep, 2020, 10(1): 10367.
36.	Bortoluzzi S, Scannapieco P, Cestaro A, et al. Computational reconstruction of the human skeletal muscle secretome. Proteins, 2006, 62(3): 776-792.
37.	Severinsen MCK, Pedersen BK. Muscle-Organ Crosstalk: The emerging roles of myokines. Endocr Rev, 2020, 41(4): 594-609.
38.	Chen W, Wang L, You W, et al. Myokines mediate the cross talk between skeletal muscle and other organs. J Cell Physiol, 2021, 236(4): 2393-2412.
39.	Kowiański P, Lietzau G, Czuba E, et al. BDNF: a key factor with multipotent impact on brain signaling and synaptic plasticity. Cell Mol Neurobiol, 2018, 38(3): 579-593.
40.	Lima Giacobbo B, Doorduin J, Klein HC, et al. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in brain disorders: focus on neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol, 2019, 56(5): 3295-3312.
41.	Zheng WH, Quirion R. Comparative signaling pathways of insulin-like growth factor-1 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampal neurons and the role of the PI3 kinase pathway in cell survival. J Neurochem, 2004, 89(4): 844-852.
42.	Rasmussen P, Vedel JC, Olesen J, et al. In humans IL-6 is released from the brain during and after exercise and paralleled by enhanced IL-6 mRNA expression in the hippocampus of mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf), 2011, 201(4): 475-482.
43.	Cao Z, Gao Y, Bryson JB, et al. The cytokine interleukin-6 is sufficient but not necessary to mimic the peripheral conditioning lesion effect on axonal growth. J Neurosci, 2006, 26(20): 5565-5573.

1. Buch A, Carmeli E, Boker LK, et al. Muscle function and fat content in relation to sarcopenia, obesity and frailty of old age-An overview. Exp Gerontol, 2016, 76: 25-32.
2. Chen LK, Liu LK, Woo J, et al. Sarcopenia in Asia: consensus report of the Asian working group for sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2014, 15(2): 95-101.
3. Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, et al. Asian working group for sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2020, 21(3): 300-307.
4. Han DS, Chang KV, Li CM, et al. Skeletal muscle mass adjusted by height correlated better with muscular functions than that adjusted by body weight in defining sarcopenia. Sci Rep, 2016, 6: 19457.
5. Pagotto V, Silveira EA. Methods, diagnostic criteria, cutoff points, and prevalence of sarcopenia among older people. Sci World J, 2014, 2014: 231312.
6. Dent E, Morley JE, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, et al. International clinical practice guidelines for sarcopenia (ICFSR): screening, diagnosis and management. J Nutr Health Aging, 2018, 22(10): 1148-1161.
7. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing, 2019, 48(4): 601.
8. Kalaria RN. Neuropathological diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia with implications for Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol, 2016, 131(5): 659-685.
9. Launer LJ, Andersen K, Dewey ME, et al. Rates and risk factors for dementia and Alzheimer's disease: results from EURODEM pooled analyses. EURODEM incidence research group and work groups. European studies of dementia. Neurology, 1999, 52(1): 78-84.
10. Baumgart M, Snyder HM, Carrillo MC, et al. Summary of the evidence on modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia: a population-based perspective. Alzheimers Dement, 2015, 11(6): 718-726.
11. Peng TC, Chen WL, Wu LW, et al. Sarcopenia and cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr, 2020, 39(9): 2695-2701.
12. Cabett Cipolli G, Sanches Yassuda M, Aprahamian I. Sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr Health Aging, 2019, 23(6): 525-531.
13. Chang KV, Hsu TH, Wu WT, et al. Association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2016, 17(12): 1164.e7-1164.e15.
14. Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol, 2010, 25(9): 603-605.
15. Rockville MD. AHRQ methods for effective health care. Methods guide for effectiveness and comparative effectiveness reviews. Washington DC: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US), 2008.
16. Abellan van Kan G, Cesari M, Gillette-Guyonnet S, et al. Sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in elderly women: results from the EPIDOS cohort. Age Ageing, 2013, 42(2): 196-202.
17. Alexandre Tda S, Duarte YA, Santos JL, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia among elderly in Brazil: findings from the SABE study. J Nutr Health Aging, 2014, 18(3): 284-290.
18. Bai A, Xu W, Sun J, et al. Associations of sarcopenia and its defining components with cognitive function in community-dwelling oldest old. BMC Geriatr, 2021, 21(1): 292.
19. Chen X, Han P, Yu X, et al. Relationships between sarcopenia, depressive symptoms, and mild cognitive impairment in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. J Affect Disord, 2021, 286: 71-77.
20. Hsu YH, Liang CK, Chou MY, et al. Association of cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms and sarcopenia among healthy older men in the veterans retirement community in southern Taiwan: a cross-sectional study. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 2014, 14(Suppl 1): 102-108.
21. Hu F, Liu H, Liu X, et al. Nutritional status mediates the relationship between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment: findings from the WCHAT study. Aging Clin Exp Res, 2021, 33(12): 3215-3222.
22. Huang CY, Hwang AC, Liu LK, et al. Association of dynapenia, sarcopenia, and cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older Taiwanese. Rejuvenation Res, 2016, 19(1): 71-78.
23. Kim M, Won CW. Sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment mainly due to slow gait speed: results from the korean frailty and aging cohort study (KFACS). Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019, 16(9): 1491.
24. Liu X, Hou L, Xia X, et al. Prevalence of sarcopenia in multi ethnics adults and the association with cognitive impairment: findings from West-China health and aging trend study. BMC Geriatr, 2020, 20(1): 63.
25. Ogawa Y, Kaneko Y, Sato T, et al. Sarcopenia and muscle functions at various stages of Alzheimer disease. Front Neurol, 2018, 9: 710.
26. Papachristou E, Ramsay SE, Lennon LT, et al. The relationships between body composition characteristics and cognitive functioning in a population-based sample of older British men. BMC Geriatr, 2015, 15: 172.
27. Tolea MI, Galvin JE. Sarcopenia and impairment in cognitive and physical performance. Clin Interv Aging, 2015, 10: 663-671.
28. Yigit B, Oner C, Cetin H, et al. Association between sarcopenia and cognitive functions in older individuals: a cross-sectional study. Ann Geriatr Med Res, 2022, 26(2): 134-139.
29. Lee I, Cho J, Hong H, et al. Sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment and depression in elderly Korean women. Iran J Pub Health, 2018, 47(3): 327-334.
30. Nishiguchi S, Yamada M, Shirooka H, et al. Sarcopenia as a risk factor for cognitive deterioration in community-dwelling older adults: a 1-year prospective study. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2016, 17(4): 372.
31. Zengarini E, Giacconi R, Mancinelli L, et al. Prognosis and interplay of cognitive impairment and sarcopenia in older adults discharged from acute care hospitals. J Clin Med, 2019, 8(10): 1693.
32. Yalcin A, Aras S, Atmis V, et al. Sarcopenia prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in older people living in a nursing home in Ankara Turkey. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 2016, 16(8): 903-910.
33. Coelho-Júnior HJ, Trichopoulou A, Panza F. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between adherence to Mediterranean diet with physical performance and cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev, 2021, 70: 101395.
34. Nieuwenhuizen WF, Weenen H, Rigby P, et al. Older adults and patients in need of nutritional support: review of current treatment options and factors influencing nutritional intake. Clin Nutr, 2010, 29(2): 160-169.
35. Sui SX, Holloway-Kew KL, Hyde NK, et al. Muscle strength and gait speed rather than lean mass are better indicators for poor cognitive function in older men. Sci Rep, 2020, 10(1): 10367.
36. Bortoluzzi S, Scannapieco P, Cestaro A, et al. Computational reconstruction of the human skeletal muscle secretome. Proteins, 2006, 62(3): 776-792.
37. Severinsen MCK, Pedersen BK. Muscle-Organ Crosstalk: The emerging roles of myokines. Endocr Rev, 2020, 41(4): 594-609.
38. Chen W, Wang L, You W, et al. Myokines mediate the cross talk between skeletal muscle and other organs. J Cell Physiol, 2021, 236(4): 2393-2412.
39. Kowiański P, Lietzau G, Czuba E, et al. BDNF: a key factor with multipotent impact on brain signaling and synaptic plasticity. Cell Mol Neurobiol, 2018, 38(3): 579-593.
40. Lima Giacobbo B, Doorduin J, Klein HC, et al. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in brain disorders: focus on neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol, 2019, 56(5): 3295-3312.
41. Zheng WH, Quirion R. Comparative signaling pathways of insulin-like growth factor-1 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampal neurons and the role of the PI3 kinase pathway in cell survival. J Neurochem, 2004, 89(4): 844-852.
42. Rasmussen P, Vedel JC, Olesen J, et al. In humans IL-6 is released from the brain during and after exercise and paralleled by enhanced IL-6 mRNA expression in the hippocampus of mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf), 2011, 201(4): 475-482.
43. Cao Z, Gao Y, Bryson JB, et al. The cytokine interleukin-6 is sufficient but not necessary to mimic the peripheral conditioning lesion effect on axonal growth. J Neurosci, 2006, 26(20): 5565-5573.

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