Ictal eye movement in posterior epileptic seizure_Journal of Epilepsy

Authors：

 ZHANGWei , LONGQiting , GUOQiang , CHENJunxi ,  LIUXingzhou

Epileptic Center, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, China;

Corresponding author：

LIUXingzhou, Email: sinclairliu@sina.cn

Keywords：

Epileptic eye movement; Posterior epilepsy; Forced eye stare; Epileptic version; Cortical eye field

DOI：

10.7507/2096-0247.20160072

Video：

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Objective To identify the clinical significance of epileptic eye movement for localization of posterior epileptic seizures. Method sThere were 12 posterior epileptic patients, who were undertaken the detailed presurgical evaluation and ictal SEEG recording, and the epileptogenic zone of whom was confirmed restricted within posterior cortex through the boarder of epileptic cortical resection and the result of epileptic surgery, included in the research. Result sThe cluster analysis of posterior cortical area of interest showed that parieto-occipital sulcus (POS) with the adjacent cortical areas belonged to the Medial Group; intraparietal sulcus (IPS) with the adjacent areas belonged to the Intermediate Group; and the Lateral Group included anterior occipital sulcus (AOS) and posterior temporal cortex. Eyes forced stare had the significant correlation with IPS, POS and related cortical group. Contraversive eye deviation had no significant correlation with cortical eye field with the related cortical areas. Conclusion sForced eye stare was significant eye movement in posterior epilepsy, and had significant correlation with IPS and POS. Ipsiversive eye deviation and convergence binocular movement were rare semiology in posterior epilepsy, and AOS had significant correlation with the two type of epileptic eyes movement.

Citation： ZHANGWei, LONGQiting, GUOQiang, CHENJunxi, LIUXingzhou. Ictal eye movement in posterior epileptic seizure. Journal of Epilepsy, 2016, 2(5): 406-413. doi: 10.7507/2096-0247.20160072 Copy

1.	Wyllie E, Luders HO, Morris HH, et al. The lateralizing significance of versive head and eye movements during epileptic seizures. Neurology, 1986, 21(3):109-121.
2.	Lüders HO, Acharya J, Baumgartner C, et al. Semiological seizure classification. Epilepsia, 1998, 29 (9):1006-1013.
3.	Loddenkemper T, Kotagal P. Lateralizing signs during seizures in focal epilepsy. Epilepsy and Behavior, 2005, 7(1):1-17.
4.	Olbrich A, Urak L, Gröppel G, et al. Seimology of temporal lobe epilepsy in children and adolescents value in lateralizing the seizure onset zone. Epilepsy Research, 2002, 48(11):103-110.
5.	Boesebeck F, Schulz R, May T, et al. Lateralizing semiology predicts the seizure outcome after epilepsy surgery in the posterior cortex. Brain, 2002, 125(12):2320-2331.
6.	Kellinghaus C, Lüders HO. Frontal lobe epilepsy. Epileptic Disorder, 2004, 6(1):223-239.
7.	Bonelli SB, Lurger S, Zimprich F, et al. Clinical seizure lateralization in frontal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2007, 48 (3):517-523.
8.	Tijssen CC, BastiaensenLAK, Voskuil PHA. Epileptic eye deviation. Neuro-ophtalmology, 1993, 13 (1):39-44.
9.	Tijssen CC, Kort PLM, Bastiaensen LAK, et al. Epileptic eye deviation and nystagmus. Clinical Neurology & Neurosurgery, 1992, 94(1):77.
10.	Kaplan PW, Lesser RP. Vertical and horizontal epileptic gaze deviation and nystagmus.Neurology, 1989, 39(6):1391-1393.
11.	Schulz R. Epileptic monocular nystagmus and ictal diplopia as cortical and subcortical dysfunction. Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports, 2013, 22(6):89-91.
12.	Munari C, Bonis A, Kochen S, et al. Eye movement and occipital seizures in man. Acta Neurochirurgia, 1984, 31(Suppl. 33):47-52.
13.	Harris CM, Boyd S, Chong K, et al. Epileptic nystagmus in infancy.Journal of Neurological Sciences, 1997, 151(22):111-114.
14.	Sun-Uk Lee, Hong-Il Suh, Jun Young Choi, et al. Epileptic nystagmus:a case report and systematic review. Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports, 2014, 2(2):156-160.
15.	Kellinghus C, Skidmore C, Loddenkemper T. Lateralizing value of epileptic nystagmus. Epilepsy and Behavior, 2008, 13 (4):700-702.
16.	Robillard A, Saint-Hilaire JM, Mercier M, et al. The lateralizing and localizing value of adversion in epilepticseizures. Neurology, 1983, 32(2):1241-1242.
17.	Wyllie E, Lüders H, Morris HH, et al. The lateralizing significance of versive head and eye movementsduring epileptic seizures.Neurology, 1986, 36(12):606-611.
18.	McLachlan RS. The significance of head and eye turning in seizures. Neurology, 1987, 37(5):1617-1619.
19.	Ajmone Marsan C, Goldhammer L. Clinical ictal patterns and electrographic data in cases of partial seizures of frontalcentral-parietal-origin. In:Brazier MAB (editor):Epilepsy, its Phenomena in Man. New York:Academic Press 1973:235-258.
20.	King DW, Ajmone Marsan C. Clinical features and ictal patterns in epileptic patients with EEG temporal lobe foci. Ann Neurol, 1977, 2(3):138-147.
21.	Rosenbaum DH, Siegel M, Rowan AJ. Contraversive seizures in occipital epilepsy:Case report and review of theliterature. Neurology, 1986, 36(3):281-284.
22.	Lynch JC. Oculomotor control:anatomical pathways. In:Squire LR, Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. Elsevier Press, 2001:368-422.
23.	Bruce CJ, Friedman HR. Eye movement. In:Ramachandran VS, Encyclopedia of the human brain.New York:Academic Press, 2002:810-958.
24.	Krauzlis RJ. Recasting the smooth pursuit eye movement syetem. Journal of Neurophysiology, 2004, 92(6):591-603.
25.	Chauvel P, McGonigal A. Emergence of semiology in epileptic seizures. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2014, 32(5):132-138.
26.	Garcia-Pastor A, Lopez-Estean P, Peraita-Adrados R. Epileptic nystagmus:a case study video-EEG correlation. Epileptic disorder, 2002, 4(2):23-27.
27.	Kaplan PW, Tusa RJ. Neurophysiologic and clinical correlation of epileptic nystagmus. Neurology, 1993, 43(11):2508-2514.
28.	Weber Y, Roesche J, Lerche H. Epileptic nystagmus:Two case reports, clinical and pathophysiological review of the literature. Journal of Neurology, 2006, 253(4):767-771.
29.	Pierrot-Deseilligny C, Müri RM, Ploner CJ, et al. Cortical control of ocular saccades in humans:a model for motricity. Progress in Brain Research, 2003, 142(5):3-17.
30.	Hansraj R. Pursuit eye movement:a review. S Afr Optom, 2008, 67(4):160-165.
31.	Schall JD. Frontal eye fields. In:Squire LR, Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. Elsevier Press.2009:367-374.
32.	Pierrot-Deseilligny C, Milea D, Müri RM. Eye movement control by the cerebral cortex. Current Opinion in Neurology, 2004, 17(4):17-25.
33.	Andersen RA, Brotchie PR, Mazzoni P. Evidence for the lateral intraparietal area as the parietal eye field. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 1992, 2(3):840-846.
34.	Grefkes C, Fink GR. The functional organization of the intraparietal sulcus in human and monkeys. J Anat, 2005, 207(7):3-17.
35.	Kurylo DD, Skavenski AA. Eye movements elicited by electrical stimulationof area PG in the monkey. J Neurophysiol, 1991, 65(5):1243-1253.
36.	Krauzlis RJ. Recasting the smooth pursuit eye movement system. Journal of Neurophysiology, 2004, 91(7):591-603.
37.	Caminiti R, Innocenti GM, Battaglia-Mayer A. Organization and evolution of parieto-frontal processing streams in macaque monkeys and humans. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 2015, 21(3):73-96.
38.	Huk AC, Robert F, Dougherty, et al. Retinotopyand functionalsubdivisionof human areas MT and MST. Society for Neuroscience, 2002, 22(16):7195-7205.
39.	Desimone R, Ungerleider LG. Multiple visual areas in the caudal superior temporal suclus of the macaque. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1986, 248(11):164-189.
40.	Komatsu H, Wurtz RH. Relation of cortical areas MT and MST to pursuit eye movements. I. Localization and visual properties of neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology, 1988, 60(1):580-603.
41.	Newsome WT, Wurtz RH, Dürsteler MR, et al. Deficits in visual motion processing followingibotenic acid lesions of the middle temporal visual area of the macaque monkey. Journal of Neuroscience, 1985, 5(3):825-840.
42.	Dürsteler MR, Wurtz RH. Pursuit and optokinetic deficits following chemical lesions of cortical areas MT and MST.Journal of Neurophysiology, 1988, 60(10):940-965.
43.	Salzman CD, Murasugi CM, Britten KH, et al. Microstimulation in visual area MT:effects on derection discrimination performance. Journal of Neuroscience, 1992, 12(6):2331-2355.
44.	Duffy CJ, Wurtz RH. Sensitivity of MST neurons to optic flow stimuli. I. A continuum of response selectivity to large-field stimuli. Journalof Neurophysiology, 1991, 65(4):1329-1345.
45.	Lynch JC, Tian JR. Cortico-cortical networks and cortico-subcortical loops for the higher control of eye movements. In Progress in Brain Research, 2006, 151(4):461-501.
46.	Dukelow SP, De Souza JF, Culham JC, et al. Distinguishing subregions of the human MT+ complex using visual fields and pursuit eye movements. Journal of Neurophysiology, 2001, 86(10):1991-2000.
47.	Huk AC, Robert F, Dougherty, et al. Retinotopy and functional subdivision of human areas MT and MST. Society for Neuroscience, 2002, 22(16):7195-7205.
48.	Malikovic A, Amunts K, Schleicher A, et al. Cytoarchitectonic analysis of the human extrastriate cortex in the region of V5/MT+:a probabilistic, stereotaxic map of area hOc5. Cerebral cortex, 2007, 17(7):562-574.
49.	Ungerleider LG, Haxby JV. 'What' and 'Where、 in the human brain. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 1994, 4(10):157-165.
50.	Galletti C, Fattori P, Kutz DF, et al. Brain locationand visual topography of cortical area V6A in the macaquemonkey. European Journal of Neuroscience, 1999, 11(9):575-582.
51.	Rizzolatti G, Matelli M. Two different streams form the dorsal visual system:anatomy and functions. Exp Brain Res, 2003, 153(8):146-157.
52.	Luppino G, Hamed SB, Gamberini M, et al. Occipital (V6) and pareiatal (V6A) areas in the anterior wall of the parieto-occipital sucluc of the maaque:a cytoarchitectonic study. European Journal of Neuroscience, 2005, 21(8):3056-3076.
53.	Gamberini M, Passarelli L, Fattori P, et al. Cortical connections of the visuomotor parietooccipital area V6Ad of the macaque monkey. The Journal of Camparative Neurology, 2009, 513(3):622-624.
54.	Averbeck BB, Battaglia-Mayer A, Guglielmo C, et al. Statistical analysis of parieto-frontal cognitive-motor networks. Journal of Neurophysiology, 2009, 102(11):1911-1920.
55.	Caminiti R, Innocenti GM, Battaglia-Mayer A. Organization and evolution of parieto-frontal processing streams in macaque monkeys and humans. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 2015, 21(7):73-96.

1. Wyllie E, Luders HO, Morris HH, et al. The lateralizing significance of versive head and eye movements during epileptic seizures. Neurology, 1986, 21(3):109-121.
2. Lüders HO, Acharya J, Baumgartner C, et al. Semiological seizure classification. Epilepsia, 1998, 29 (9):1006-1013.
3. Loddenkemper T, Kotagal P. Lateralizing signs during seizures in focal epilepsy. Epilepsy and Behavior, 2005, 7(1):1-17.
4. Olbrich A, Urak L, Gröppel G, et al. Seimology of temporal lobe epilepsy in children and adolescents value in lateralizing the seizure onset zone. Epilepsy Research, 2002, 48(11):103-110.
5. Boesebeck F, Schulz R, May T, et al. Lateralizing semiology predicts the seizure outcome after epilepsy surgery in the posterior cortex. Brain, 2002, 125(12):2320-2331.
6. Kellinghaus C, Lüders HO. Frontal lobe epilepsy. Epileptic Disorder, 2004, 6(1):223-239.
7. Bonelli SB, Lurger S, Zimprich F, et al. Clinical seizure lateralization in frontal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2007, 48 (3):517-523.
8. Tijssen CC, BastiaensenLAK, Voskuil PHA. Epileptic eye deviation. Neuro-ophtalmology, 1993, 13 (1):39-44.
9. Tijssen CC, Kort PLM, Bastiaensen LAK, et al. Epileptic eye deviation and nystagmus. Clinical Neurology & Neurosurgery, 1992, 94(1):77.
10. Kaplan PW, Lesser RP. Vertical and horizontal epileptic gaze deviation and nystagmus.Neurology, 1989, 39(6):1391-1393.
11. Schulz R. Epileptic monocular nystagmus and ictal diplopia as cortical and subcortical dysfunction. Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports, 2013, 22(6):89-91.
12. Munari C, Bonis A, Kochen S, et al. Eye movement and occipital seizures in man. Acta Neurochirurgia, 1984, 31(Suppl. 33):47-52.
13. Harris CM, Boyd S, Chong K, et al. Epileptic nystagmus in infancy.Journal of Neurological Sciences, 1997, 151(22):111-114.
14. Sun-Uk Lee, Hong-Il Suh, Jun Young Choi, et al. Epileptic nystagmus:a case report and systematic review. Epilepsy and Behavior Case Reports, 2014, 2(2):156-160.
15. Kellinghus C, Skidmore C, Loddenkemper T. Lateralizing value of epileptic nystagmus. Epilepsy and Behavior, 2008, 13 (4):700-702.
16. Robillard A, Saint-Hilaire JM, Mercier M, et al. The lateralizing and localizing value of adversion in epilepticseizures. Neurology, 1983, 32(2):1241-1242.
17. Wyllie E, Lüders H, Morris HH, et al. The lateralizing significance of versive head and eye movementsduring epileptic seizures.Neurology, 1986, 36(12):606-611.
18. McLachlan RS. The significance of head and eye turning in seizures. Neurology, 1987, 37(5):1617-1619.
19. Ajmone Marsan C, Goldhammer L. Clinical ictal patterns and electrographic data in cases of partial seizures of frontalcentral-parietal-origin. In:Brazier MAB (editor):Epilepsy, its Phenomena in Man. New York:Academic Press 1973:235-258.
20. King DW, Ajmone Marsan C. Clinical features and ictal patterns in epileptic patients with EEG temporal lobe foci. Ann Neurol, 1977, 2(3):138-147.
21. Rosenbaum DH, Siegel M, Rowan AJ. Contraversive seizures in occipital epilepsy:Case report and review of theliterature. Neurology, 1986, 36(3):281-284.
22. Lynch JC. Oculomotor control:anatomical pathways. In:Squire LR, Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. Elsevier Press, 2001:368-422.
23. Bruce CJ, Friedman HR. Eye movement. In:Ramachandran VS, Encyclopedia of the human brain.New York:Academic Press, 2002:810-958.
24. Krauzlis RJ. Recasting the smooth pursuit eye movement syetem. Journal of Neurophysiology, 2004, 92(6):591-603.
25. Chauvel P, McGonigal A. Emergence of semiology in epileptic seizures. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2014, 32(5):132-138.
26. Garcia-Pastor A, Lopez-Estean P, Peraita-Adrados R. Epileptic nystagmus:a case study video-EEG correlation. Epileptic disorder, 2002, 4(2):23-27.
27. Kaplan PW, Tusa RJ. Neurophysiologic and clinical correlation of epileptic nystagmus. Neurology, 1993, 43(11):2508-2514.
28. Weber Y, Roesche J, Lerche H. Epileptic nystagmus:Two case reports, clinical and pathophysiological review of the literature. Journal of Neurology, 2006, 253(4):767-771.
29. Pierrot-Deseilligny C, Müri RM, Ploner CJ, et al. Cortical control of ocular saccades in humans:a model for motricity. Progress in Brain Research, 2003, 142(5):3-17.
30. Hansraj R. Pursuit eye movement:a review. S Afr Optom, 2008, 67(4):160-165.
31. Schall JD. Frontal eye fields. In:Squire LR, Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. Elsevier Press.2009:367-374.
32. Pierrot-Deseilligny C, Milea D, Müri RM. Eye movement control by the cerebral cortex. Current Opinion in Neurology, 2004, 17(4):17-25.
33. Andersen RA, Brotchie PR, Mazzoni P. Evidence for the lateral intraparietal area as the parietal eye field. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 1992, 2(3):840-846.
34. Grefkes C, Fink GR. The functional organization of the intraparietal sulcus in human and monkeys. J Anat, 2005, 207(7):3-17.
35. Kurylo DD, Skavenski AA. Eye movements elicited by electrical stimulationof area PG in the monkey. J Neurophysiol, 1991, 65(5):1243-1253.
36. Krauzlis RJ. Recasting the smooth pursuit eye movement system. Journal of Neurophysiology, 2004, 91(7):591-603.
37. Caminiti R, Innocenti GM, Battaglia-Mayer A. Organization and evolution of parieto-frontal processing streams in macaque monkeys and humans. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 2015, 21(3):73-96.
38. Huk AC, Robert F, Dougherty, et al. Retinotopyand functionalsubdivisionof human areas MT and MST. Society for Neuroscience, 2002, 22(16):7195-7205.
39. Desimone R, Ungerleider LG. Multiple visual areas in the caudal superior temporal suclus of the macaque. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1986, 248(11):164-189.
40. Komatsu H, Wurtz RH. Relation of cortical areas MT and MST to pursuit eye movements. I. Localization and visual properties of neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology, 1988, 60(1):580-603.
41. Newsome WT, Wurtz RH, Dürsteler MR, et al. Deficits in visual motion processing followingibotenic acid lesions of the middle temporal visual area of the macaque monkey. Journal of Neuroscience, 1985, 5(3):825-840.
42. Dürsteler MR, Wurtz RH. Pursuit and optokinetic deficits following chemical lesions of cortical areas MT and MST.Journal of Neurophysiology, 1988, 60(10):940-965.
43. Salzman CD, Murasugi CM, Britten KH, et al. Microstimulation in visual area MT:effects on derection discrimination performance. Journal of Neuroscience, 1992, 12(6):2331-2355.
44. Duffy CJ, Wurtz RH. Sensitivity of MST neurons to optic flow stimuli. I. A continuum of response selectivity to large-field stimuli. Journalof Neurophysiology, 1991, 65(4):1329-1345.
45. Lynch JC, Tian JR. Cortico-cortical networks and cortico-subcortical loops for the higher control of eye movements. In Progress in Brain Research, 2006, 151(4):461-501.
46. Dukelow SP, De Souza JF, Culham JC, et al. Distinguishing subregions of the human MT+ complex using visual fields and pursuit eye movements. Journal of Neurophysiology, 2001, 86(10):1991-2000.
47. Huk AC, Robert F, Dougherty, et al. Retinotopy and functional subdivision of human areas MT and MST. Society for Neuroscience, 2002, 22(16):7195-7205.
48. Malikovic A, Amunts K, Schleicher A, et al. Cytoarchitectonic analysis of the human extrastriate cortex in the region of V5/MT+:a probabilistic, stereotaxic map of area hOc5. Cerebral cortex, 2007, 17(7):562-574.
49. Ungerleider LG, Haxby JV. 'What' and 'Where、 in the human brain. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 1994, 4(10):157-165.
50. Galletti C, Fattori P, Kutz DF, et al. Brain locationand visual topography of cortical area V6A in the macaquemonkey. European Journal of Neuroscience, 1999, 11(9):575-582.
51. Rizzolatti G, Matelli M. Two different streams form the dorsal visual system:anatomy and functions. Exp Brain Res, 2003, 153(8):146-157.
52. Luppino G, Hamed SB, Gamberini M, et al. Occipital (V6) and pareiatal (V6A) areas in the anterior wall of the parieto-occipital sucluc of the maaque:a cytoarchitectonic study. European Journal of Neuroscience, 2005, 21(8):3056-3076.
53. Gamberini M, Passarelli L, Fattori P, et al. Cortical connections of the visuomotor parietooccipital area V6Ad of the macaque monkey. The Journal of Camparative Neurology, 2009, 513(3):622-624.
54. Averbeck BB, Battaglia-Mayer A, Guglielmo C, et al. Statistical analysis of parieto-frontal cognitive-motor networks. Journal of Neurophysiology, 2009, 102(11):1911-1920.
55. Caminiti R, Innocenti GM, Battaglia-Mayer A. Organization and evolution of parieto-frontal processing streams in macaque monkeys and humans. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 2015, 21(7):73-96.

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