Alveolar fluid clearance in acute lung injury_Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

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ZHANG WEI , WANG Daoxing

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Keywords：

肺泡上皮细胞; 急性肺损伤; 水肿

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急性肺损伤（ALI）和急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）是临床常见的危重病症，是指非心源性的各种肺内外因素导致的急性进行性呼吸衰竭，临床上以呼吸窘迫，顽固性低氧血症和非心源性肺水肿为特征。急性呼吸窘迫综合征是急性肺损伤的严重阶段。肺微血管通透性增高而导致的肺泡渗出液中富含蛋白质的肺水肿及透明膜形成，并伴有肺间质纤维化由肺内炎症细胞为主导的肺内炎症失控导致的肺泡毛细血管膜损伤形成肺水肿是其共同的病理特征。因此是否能有效清除肺泡内过多液体，维持肺泡腔内相对干燥的环境，对于有效的气体交换具有十分重要的意义，并且在一定程度上决定了病情的转归[1]。

Citation： ZHANG WEI,WANG Daoxing. Alveolar fluid clearance in acute lung injury. Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2008, 08(1): 74-77. doi: Copy

1.	1 Sartori C ， Matthay MA.Alveolar epithelial fluid transport in acute lung injury ： new insights.Eur Respir J，2002，20：1299-1313.
2.	Matthay MA，Clerici C，Saumon G.Invited review：Active fluid clearance from the distal air spaces of the lung.J Appl Physiol，2002，93：1533-1541.
3.	Matalon S，Lazrak A，Jain L，et a1.Invited review：biophysical properties of sodium channels in lung alveolar epithelial cells.J Appl Physiol，2002，93：1852-1859.
4.	Jain L，Chen XJ，Malik B，et a1.Antisense oligonucleotides against the alpha-subunit of ENaC decrease lung epithelial cation-channel activity.Am J Physiol，1999，276：L1046-1051.
5.	McDonald FJ，Yang B，Hrstka RF，et a1.Disruption of the beta subunit of the epithelial Na+ channel in mice：hyperkalemia and neonatal death associated with a pseudohypoaldosteronism phenotype.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A，1999，96：1727-1731.
6.	Johnson MD，Widdicombe JH，Allen L，et a1.Alveolar epithelial type I cells contain transport proteins and transport sodium，supporting an active role for type I cells in regulation of lung liquid homeostasis.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A，2002，99：1966-1971.
7.	Factor P.Role and regulation of lungNa+，K+-ATPase.Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)，2001，47：347-361.
8.	Borok Z，Verkman AS.Lung edema clearance：20 years of progress：invited review：role of aquaporin water channels in fluid transport in lung and airways.J Appl Physiol，2002，93：2199-2206.
9.	Verkman AS，Matthay MA，Song Y.Aquaporin water channels and lung physiology.Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol，2000，278：L867-879.
10.	Kreda SM，Gynn MC，Fenstermacher DA，et a1.Expression and localization of epithelial aquaporins in the adult human lung.Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol，2001，24：224-234.
11.	Dobbs LG，Gonzalez R，Matthay MA，et a1.Highly water-permeable type I alveolar epithelial cells confer high water permeability between the airspace and vasculature in rat lung.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A，1998，95：2991-2996.
12.	Bai C，Fukuda N，Song Y，et a1. Lung fluid transport in aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-4 knockout mice.J Clin Invest，1999，103：555-561.
13.	Ma T，Fukuda N，Song Y，et a1.Lung fluid transport in aquaporin-5 knockout mice.J Clin Invest，2000，105：93-100.
14.	Rafii B，Tanswell AK，Otulakowski G，et a1.O2-induced ENaC expression is associated with NF-kappaB activation and blocked by superoxide scavenger.Am J Physiol，1998，275：L764-770.
15.	Dagenais A，Fréchette R，Yamagata Y，et a1.Downregulation of ENaC activity and expression by TNF-alpha in alveolar epithelial cells.Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol，2004，286：L301-311.
16.	Zhu S，Ware LB，Geiser T，et a1.Increased levels of nitrate and surfactant protein a nitration in the pulmonary edema fluid of patients with acute lung injury.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2001，163：166-172.
17.	King LS，Agre P.Pathophysiology of the aquaporin water channels.Annu Rev Physiol，1996，58：619-648.
18.	Chen XJ，Seth S，Yue G，et a1.Influenza virus inhibits ENaC and lung fluid clearance.Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol，2004，287：L366-373.
19.	Matthay MA，Folkesson HG，Clerici C.Lung epithelial fluid transport and the resolution of pulmonary edema.Physiol Rev，2002，82：569-600.
20.	Ware LB，Matthay MA.Alveolar fluid clearance is impaired in the majority of patients with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2001，163：1376-1383.
21.	Matthay MA，Folkesson HG，Verkman AS.Salt and water transport across alveolar and distal airway epithelia in the adult lung.Am J Physiol，1996，270：L487-503.
22.	Folkesson HG，Norlin A，Wang Y，et al.Dexamethasone and thyroid hormone pretreatment upregulate alveolar epithelial fluid clearance in adult rats.J Appl Physiol，2000，88：416-424.
23.	Sakuma T，Tuchihara C，Ishigaki M，et al.Beta1-adrenoceptor stimulation by high-dose terbutaline downregulates terbutaline-stimulated alveolar fluid clearance in ex vivo rat lung.Exp Lung Res，2001，27：453-468.
24.	Sakuma T，Folkesson HG，Suzuki S，et a1.Beta-adrenergic agonist stimulated alveolar fluid clearance in ex vivo human and rat lungs.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，1997，155：506-512.
25.	Groshaus HE，Manocha S，Walley KR，et a1.Mechanisms of beta-receptor stimulation-induced improvement of acute lung injury and pulmonary edema.Crit Care，2004，8：234-242.
26.	Sartori C，Allemann Y，Duplain H，et a1.Salmeterol for the prevention of high-altitude pulmonary edema.N Engl J Med，2002，346：1631-1636.
27.	Dagenais A，Fréchette R，Clermont ME，et al.Dexamethasone inhibits the action of TNF on ENaC expression and activity.Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol，2006，291：L1220-1231.
28.	Luce JM，Montgomery AB，Marks JD，et al.Ineffectiveness of high-dose methylprednisolone in preventing parenchymal lung injury and improving mortality in patients with septic shock.Am Rev Respir Dis，1988，138：62-68.
29.	Olivera WG，Ciccolella DE，Barquin N，et a1.Aldosterone regulates Na+-K+-ATPase and increases lung edema clearance in rats.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2000，161：567-573.
30.	Sznajder JI，Ridge KM，Yeates DB，et al.Epidermal growth factor increases lung liquid clearance in rat lungs.J Appl Physiol，1998，85：1004-1010.
31.	Crandall ED，Matthay MA.Alveolar epithelial transport.Basic science to clinical medicine.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2001，163：1021-1029.
32.	Wang Y，Folkesson HG，Jayr C，et a1.Alveolar epithelial fluid transport can be simultaneously upregulated by both KGF and beta-agonist therapy.J Appl Physiol，1999，87：1852-1860.
33.	Adir Y，Sznajder JI.Regulation of lung edema clearance by dopamine.Isr Med Assoc J，2003，5：47-50.
34.	Tibayan FA，Chesnutt AN，Folkesson HG，et a1.Dobutamine increases alveolar liquid clearance in ventilated rats by beta-2 receptor stimulation.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，1997，156：438-444.
35.	Factor P，Saldias F，Ridge K，et al.Augmentation of lung liquid clearance via adenovirus-mediated transfer of a Na，K-ATPase beta1 subunit gene.J Clin Invest，1998，102：1421-1430.

1. 1 Sartori C ， Matthay MA.Alveolar epithelial fluid transport in acute lung injury ： new insights.Eur Respir J，2002，20：1299-1313.
2. Matthay MA，Clerici C，Saumon G.Invited review：Active fluid clearance from the distal air spaces of the lung.J Appl Physiol，2002，93：1533-1541.
3. Matalon S，Lazrak A，Jain L，et a1.Invited review：biophysical properties of sodium channels in lung alveolar epithelial cells.J Appl Physiol，2002，93：1852-1859.
4. Jain L，Chen XJ，Malik B，et a1.Antisense oligonucleotides against the alpha-subunit of ENaC decrease lung epithelial cation-channel activity.Am J Physiol，1999，276：L1046-1051.
5. McDonald FJ，Yang B，Hrstka RF，et a1.Disruption of the beta subunit of the epithelial Na+ channel in mice：hyperkalemia and neonatal death associated with a pseudohypoaldosteronism phenotype.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A，1999，96：1727-1731.
6. Johnson MD，Widdicombe JH，Allen L，et a1.Alveolar epithelial type I cells contain transport proteins and transport sodium，supporting an active role for type I cells in regulation of lung liquid homeostasis.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A，2002，99：1966-1971.
7. Factor P.Role and regulation of lungNa+，K+-ATPase.Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)，2001，47：347-361.
8. Borok Z，Verkman AS.Lung edema clearance：20 years of progress：invited review：role of aquaporin water channels in fluid transport in lung and airways.J Appl Physiol，2002，93：2199-2206.
9. Verkman AS，Matthay MA，Song Y.Aquaporin water channels and lung physiology.Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol，2000，278：L867-879.
10. Kreda SM，Gynn MC，Fenstermacher DA，et a1.Expression and localization of epithelial aquaporins in the adult human lung.Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol，2001，24：224-234.
11. Dobbs LG，Gonzalez R，Matthay MA，et a1.Highly water-permeable type I alveolar epithelial cells confer high water permeability between the airspace and vasculature in rat lung.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A，1998，95：2991-2996.
12. Bai C，Fukuda N，Song Y，et a1. Lung fluid transport in aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-4 knockout mice.J Clin Invest，1999，103：555-561.
13. Ma T，Fukuda N，Song Y，et a1.Lung fluid transport in aquaporin-5 knockout mice.J Clin Invest，2000，105：93-100.
14. Rafii B，Tanswell AK，Otulakowski G，et a1.O2-induced ENaC expression is associated with NF-kappaB activation and blocked by superoxide scavenger.Am J Physiol，1998，275：L764-770.
15. Dagenais A，Fréchette R，Yamagata Y，et a1.Downregulation of ENaC activity and expression by TNF-alpha in alveolar epithelial cells.Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol，2004，286：L301-311.
16. Zhu S，Ware LB，Geiser T，et a1.Increased levels of nitrate and surfactant protein a nitration in the pulmonary edema fluid of patients with acute lung injury.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2001，163：166-172.
17. King LS，Agre P.Pathophysiology of the aquaporin water channels.Annu Rev Physiol，1996，58：619-648.
18. Chen XJ，Seth S，Yue G，et a1.Influenza virus inhibits ENaC and lung fluid clearance.Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol，2004，287：L366-373.
19. Matthay MA，Folkesson HG，Clerici C.Lung epithelial fluid transport and the resolution of pulmonary edema.Physiol Rev，2002，82：569-600.
20. Ware LB，Matthay MA.Alveolar fluid clearance is impaired in the majority of patients with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2001，163：1376-1383.
21. Matthay MA，Folkesson HG，Verkman AS.Salt and water transport across alveolar and distal airway epithelia in the adult lung.Am J Physiol，1996，270：L487-503.
22. Folkesson HG，Norlin A，Wang Y，et al.Dexamethasone and thyroid hormone pretreatment upregulate alveolar epithelial fluid clearance in adult rats.J Appl Physiol，2000，88：416-424.
23. Sakuma T，Tuchihara C，Ishigaki M，et al.Beta1-adrenoceptor stimulation by high-dose terbutaline downregulates terbutaline-stimulated alveolar fluid clearance in ex vivo rat lung.Exp Lung Res，2001，27：453-468.
24. Sakuma T，Folkesson HG，Suzuki S，et a1.Beta-adrenergic agonist stimulated alveolar fluid clearance in ex vivo human and rat lungs.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，1997，155：506-512.
25. Groshaus HE，Manocha S，Walley KR，et a1.Mechanisms of beta-receptor stimulation-induced improvement of acute lung injury and pulmonary edema.Crit Care，2004，8：234-242.
26. Sartori C，Allemann Y，Duplain H，et a1.Salmeterol for the prevention of high-altitude pulmonary edema.N Engl J Med，2002，346：1631-1636.
27. Dagenais A，Fréchette R，Clermont ME，et al.Dexamethasone inhibits the action of TNF on ENaC expression and activity.Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol，2006，291：L1220-1231.
28. Luce JM，Montgomery AB，Marks JD，et al.Ineffectiveness of high-dose methylprednisolone in preventing parenchymal lung injury and improving mortality in patients with septic shock.Am Rev Respir Dis，1988，138：62-68.
29. Olivera WG，Ciccolella DE，Barquin N，et a1.Aldosterone regulates Na+-K+-ATPase and increases lung edema clearance in rats.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2000，161：567-573.
30. Sznajder JI，Ridge KM，Yeates DB，et al.Epidermal growth factor increases lung liquid clearance in rat lungs.J Appl Physiol，1998，85：1004-1010.
31. Crandall ED，Matthay MA.Alveolar epithelial transport.Basic science to clinical medicine.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，2001，163：1021-1029.
32. Wang Y，Folkesson HG，Jayr C，et a1.Alveolar epithelial fluid transport can be simultaneously upregulated by both KGF and beta-agonist therapy.J Appl Physiol，1999，87：1852-1860.
33. Adir Y，Sznajder JI.Regulation of lung edema clearance by dopamine.Isr Med Assoc J，2003，5：47-50.
34. Tibayan FA，Chesnutt AN，Folkesson HG，et a1.Dobutamine increases alveolar liquid clearance in ventilated rats by beta-2 receptor stimulation.Am J Respir Crit Care Med，1997，156：438-444.
35. Factor P，Saldias F，Ridge K，et al.Augmentation of lung liquid clearance via adenovirus-mediated transfer of a Na，K-ATPase beta1 subunit gene.J Clin Invest，1998，102：1421-1430.

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