Computed tomography in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism_Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

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QIN ZHiqiang

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电子计算机断层扫描; 肺栓塞

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肺栓塞( PE) 的确诊依赖于肺动脉的影像学检查。电子计算机断层扫描肺动脉造影( CTPA) 诊断PE 的敏感性和特异性高[ 1] , 而且该项检查是无创技术, 患者痛苦小, 并发症
少, 已成为诊断PE 的一线技术[ 2,3] 。随着CT 仪器的不断升级和改进以及检查技术的不断研究, CT 在PE 中的应用不再仅限于PE 的定性诊断, 还用于肺动脉栓塞程度的量化、右心室改变的诊断、患者预后判断以及下肢深静脉血栓形成( DVT) 的诊断等。

Citation： QIN ZHiqiang. Computed tomography in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2010, 9(1): 104-106. doi: Copy

1.	.Stein PD,Fowler SE,Goodman LR,et al.Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism.N Engl J Med,2006,354:2317-2327.
2.	.Revel MP,Petrover D,Hernigou A,et al.Diagnosing pulmonary embolism with four-detector row helical CT:prospective evaluation of 216 outpatients and inpatients.Radiology,2005,234:265-273.
3.	.Weiss CR,Scatarige JC,Diette GB,et al.CT pulmonary angiography is the first-line imaging test for acute pulmonary embolism:a survey of US clinicians.Acad Radiol,2006,13:434-446.
4.	.Winer-Muram HT,Rydberg J,Johnson MS et al.Suspected acute pulmonary embolism:evaluation with multi-detector row CT versus digital subtraction pulmonary arteriography.Radiology,2004,233:806-815.
5.	.Baile EM,King GG,Müller NL,et al.Spiral computed tomography is comparable to angiography for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2000,161:1010-1015.
6.	.Wittram C,Waltman AC,Shepard JA,et al.Discordance between CT and angiography in the PIOPED II study.Radiology.2007,244:883-889.
7.	.Katsouda E,Mystakidou K,Rapti A,et al.Evaluation of spiral computed tomography versus ventilation/perfusion scanning in patients clinically suspected of pulmonary embolism.In Vivo,2005,19:873-878.
8.	.Reinartz P,Wildberger JE,Schaefer W,et al.Tomographic imaging in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism:a comparison between V/Q lung scintigraphy in SPECT technique and multislice spiral CT.J Nucl Med,2004,45:1501-1508.
9.	.Nazaro?lu H,Ozmen CA,Akay HO,et al.64-MDCT pulmonary angiography and CT venography in the diagnosis of thromboembolic disease.AJR Am J Roentgenol,2009,192:654-661.
10.	.Qanadli SD,El Hajjam M,Vieillard-Baron A,et al.New CT index to quantify arterial obstruction in pulmonary embolism:comparison with angiographic index and echocardiography.AJR Am J Roentgenol,2001,176:1415-1420.
11.	.Mastora I,Remy-Jardin M,Masson P,et al.Severity of acute pulmonary embolism:evaluation of a new spiral CT angiographic score in correlation with echocardiographic data.Eur Radiol,2003,13:29-35.
12.	.Contractor S,Maldjian PD,Sharma VK,et al.Role of helical CT in detecting right ventricular dysfunction secondary to acute pulmonary embolism.J Comput Assist Tomogr,2002,26:587-591.
13.	.Mansencal N,Joseph T,Vieillard-Baron A,et al.Diagnosis of right ventricular dysfunction in acute pulmonary embolism using helical computed tomography.Am J Cardiol,2005,95:1260-1263.
14.	.Terao M,Ozaki T,Sato T.Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis after operation for fracture of the proximal femur:comparative study of ultrasonography and venography.J Orthop Sci,2006,11:146-153.
15.	.Garcia-Bolado A,Del Cura JL.CT venography vs ultrasound in the diagnosis of thromboembolic disease in patients with clinical suspicion of pulmonary embolism.Emerg Radiol,2007,14:403-409.
16.	.Goodman LR,Stein PD,Matta F,et al.CT venography and compression sonography are diagnostically equivalent:data from PIOPED II.AJR Am J Roentgenol,2007,189:1071-1076.
17.	.Ghaye B,Ghuysen A,Willems V,et al.Severe pulmonary embolism:pulmonary artery clot load scores and cardiovascular parameters as predictors of mortality.Radiology,2006,239:884-891.
18.	.Araoz PA,Gotway MB,Harrington JR,et al.Pulmonary embolism:prognostic CT findings.Radiology,2007,242:889-897.
19.	.Pech M,Wieners G,Dul P,et al.Computed tomography pulmonary embolism index for the assessment of survival in patients with pulmonary embolism.Eur Radiol,2007,17:1954-1959.
20.	.Schoepf UJ,Kucher N,Kipfmueller F,et al.Right ventricular enlargement on chest computed tomography:a predictor of early death in acute pulmonary embolism.Circulation,2004,110:3276-3280.
21.	.Wu AS,Pezzullo JA,Cronan JJ,et al.CT pulmonary angiography:quantification of pulmonary embolus as a predictor of patient outcome--initial experience.Radiology,2004,230:831-835.

1. .Stein PD,Fowler SE,Goodman LR,et al.Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism.N Engl J Med,2006,354:2317-2327.
2. .Revel MP,Petrover D,Hernigou A,et al.Diagnosing pulmonary embolism with four-detector row helical CT:prospective evaluation of 216 outpatients and inpatients.Radiology,2005,234:265-273.
3. .Weiss CR,Scatarige JC,Diette GB,et al.CT pulmonary angiography is the first-line imaging test for acute pulmonary embolism:a survey of US clinicians.Acad Radiol,2006,13:434-446.
4. .Winer-Muram HT,Rydberg J,Johnson MS et al.Suspected acute pulmonary embolism:evaluation with multi-detector row CT versus digital subtraction pulmonary arteriography.Radiology,2004,233:806-815.
5. .Baile EM,King GG,Müller NL,et al.Spiral computed tomography is comparable to angiography for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2000,161:1010-1015.
6. .Wittram C,Waltman AC,Shepard JA,et al.Discordance between CT and angiography in the PIOPED II study.Radiology.2007,244:883-889.
7. .Katsouda E,Mystakidou K,Rapti A,et al.Evaluation of spiral computed tomography versus ventilation/perfusion scanning in patients clinically suspected of pulmonary embolism.In Vivo,2005,19:873-878.
8. .Reinartz P,Wildberger JE,Schaefer W,et al.Tomographic imaging in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism:a comparison between V/Q lung scintigraphy in SPECT technique and multislice spiral CT.J Nucl Med,2004,45:1501-1508.
9. .Nazaro?lu H,Ozmen CA,Akay HO,et al.64-MDCT pulmonary angiography and CT venography in the diagnosis of thromboembolic disease.AJR Am J Roentgenol,2009,192:654-661.
10. .Qanadli SD,El Hajjam M,Vieillard-Baron A,et al.New CT index to quantify arterial obstruction in pulmonary embolism:comparison with angiographic index and echocardiography.AJR Am J Roentgenol,2001,176:1415-1420.
11. .Mastora I,Remy-Jardin M,Masson P,et al.Severity of acute pulmonary embolism:evaluation of a new spiral CT angiographic score in correlation with echocardiographic data.Eur Radiol,2003,13:29-35.
12. .Contractor S,Maldjian PD,Sharma VK,et al.Role of helical CT in detecting right ventricular dysfunction secondary to acute pulmonary embolism.J Comput Assist Tomogr,2002,26:587-591.
13. .Mansencal N,Joseph T,Vieillard-Baron A,et al.Diagnosis of right ventricular dysfunction in acute pulmonary embolism using helical computed tomography.Am J Cardiol,2005,95:1260-1263.
14. .Terao M,Ozaki T,Sato T.Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis after operation for fracture of the proximal femur:comparative study of ultrasonography and venography.J Orthop Sci,2006,11:146-153.
15. .Garcia-Bolado A,Del Cura JL.CT venography vs ultrasound in the diagnosis of thromboembolic disease in patients with clinical suspicion of pulmonary embolism.Emerg Radiol,2007,14:403-409.
16. .Goodman LR,Stein PD,Matta F,et al.CT venography and compression sonography are diagnostically equivalent:data from PIOPED II.AJR Am J Roentgenol,2007,189:1071-1076.
17. .Ghaye B,Ghuysen A,Willems V,et al.Severe pulmonary embolism:pulmonary artery clot load scores and cardiovascular parameters as predictors of mortality.Radiology,2006,239:884-891.
18. .Araoz PA,Gotway MB,Harrington JR,et al.Pulmonary embolism:prognostic CT findings.Radiology,2007,242:889-897.
19. .Pech M,Wieners G,Dul P,et al.Computed tomography pulmonary embolism index for the assessment of survival in patients with pulmonary embolism.Eur Radiol,2007,17:1954-1959.
20. .Schoepf UJ,Kucher N,Kipfmueller F,et al.Right ventricular enlargement on chest computed tomography:a predictor of early death in acute pulmonary embolism.Circulation,2004,110:3276-3280.
21. .Wu AS,Pezzullo JA,Cronan JJ,et al.CT pulmonary angiography:quantification of pulmonary embolus as a predictor of patient outcome--initial experience.Radiology,2004,230:831-835.

Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Computed tomography in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism

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