吸入性肺炎的研究进展_Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

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范志强 , 瞿介明 , 朱惠莉

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Keywords：

吸入性肺炎; 研究进展

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吸人性肺炎是指口咽部分泌物和胃内容物反流吸入至喉部和下呼吸道, 引起的多种肺部综合征, 吸入量较大时可引起急性化学性吸入性肺炎, 如果吸入量小且将咽部寄植菌
带入肺内, 可导致细菌性吸入性肺炎, 常见于老年人、患有神经系统疾病或脑血管病的患者, 是导致老年人死亡的主要危险因素。其他吸入综合征包括气道阻塞、肺脓肿、外源性类脂质综合征、慢性间质性肺炎和偶发分枝杆菌性肺炎等。现将细菌性吸入性肺炎( 简称吸入性肺炎) 的研究进展综述如下。

Citation： 范志强,瞿介明,朱惠莉. 吸入性肺炎的研究进展. Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2010, 9(2): 209-212. doi: Copy

1.	McClave SA, DeMeo MT, DeLegge MH, et al. North American Summit on Aspiration in the Critically ill Patient: consensus statement. J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2002, 26: S80 -S85.
2.	Shariatzadeh MR, Huang JQ, Marrie TJ. Differences in the features of aspiration pneumonia according to site of acquisition: community or continuing care facility. J Am Geriatr Soc , 2006 , 54: 296 -302.
3.	Schaller BJ, Graf R, Jacobs AH. Pathophysiological changes of the gastrointestinal tract in ischemic stroke. Am J Gasroenterol, 2006 ,101: 1655-1665.
4.	Doggett DL, Tappe KA, Mitchell MD, et al. Prevention of pneumonia in elderly stroke patients by systematic diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia: an evidence-based comprehensive analysis of the literature. Dysphagia, 2001, 16: 279-295.
5.	Teramoto S, Yamamoto H, Yamaguchi Y, et al. A novel diagnostic test for the risk of aspiration pneumonia in the elderly. Chest, 2004 ,125: 801-802.
6.	Pikus L, Levine MS, Yang YX, et al. Videofluoroscopic studies of swallowing dysfunction and the relative risk of pneumonia. Am J Roentgenol, 2003, 180: 1613-1616.
7.	TerréR, Mearin F. Oropharyngeal dysphagia after the acute phase of stroke: predictors of aspiration. Neurogastroenterol Motil, 2006 ,18: 200-205.
8.	Martino R, Foley N, Bhogal S, et al. Dysphagia after stroke incidence, diagnosis, and pulmonary complications. Stroke, 2005 ,36: 2756-2763.
9.	Nakajoh K, Nakagawa T, Sekizawa K, et al. Relation between incidence of pneumonia and protective reflexes in post-stroke patients with oral or tube feeding. J Intern Med, 2000, 247: 39-42.
10.	Katsumata U, Sekizawa K, Ebihara T, et al. Aging effects on cough reflex. Chest, 1995, 107: 290 -291.
11.	Smith Hammond CA, Goldstein LB, Zajac DJ, et al. Assessment of aspiration risk in stroke patients with quantification of voluntary cough. Neurology, 2001 , 56 : 502-506.
12.	Addington WR, Stephens RE, Gilliland KA. Assessing the laryngeal cough reflex and risk of developing pneumonia after stroke: an interhospital comparison. Stroke, 1999, 30: 1203 -1207 .
13.	Tzeng AC, Bach JR. Prevention of pulmonary morbidity for patients with neuromuscular disease. Chest, 2000, 118: 1390 -1396 .
14.	Mansel JK, Norman JR. Respiratory complications and management of spinal cord injuries. Chest, 1990, 97: 1446-1452.
15.	Higenbottam T, Jackson M, Woolman P, et al. The cough response to ultrasonically nebulized distilled water in heart-lung transplantation patients. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1989, 140: 58 -61.
16.	Ebihara S, Saito H, Kanda A, et al. Impaired efficacy of cough in patients with parkinson disease. Chest, 2003, 124 : 1009 -1015 .
17.	Parameswaran K, Anvari M, Efthimiadia A, et al. Lipid-laden macrophages in induced sputumare a marker of oropharyngeal reflux and possible gastric aspiration. Eur Respir J, 2000, 16: 1119 -1122 .
18.	Adams R, Ruffin R, Campbell D. The value of the lipid-laden macrophage index in the assessment of aspiration pneumonia. Aust N Z J Med, 1997, 27 : 550-553.
19.	Farrell S, McMaster C, Gibson D, et al. Pepsin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a specific and sensitive method of diagnosing gastrooesophageal reflux-related pulmonary aspiration. J Pediatr Surg,2006, 41: 289-293.
20.	Metheny NA, Clouse RE, Chang YH, et al. Tracheobronchial aspiration of gastric contents in critically ill tube-fed patients:frequency, outcomes and risk factors. Crit Care Med, 2006 , 34 :1007-1015.
21.	Clayton J, Ryall C. Tracheal pH monitoring and aspiration in acute stroke. Age Ageing, 2006 , 35: 47-53.
22.	GIbson G, Barrett E. The role of salivary function on orophayngeal colonization. Spec Care Dentist, 1992, 12: 153-156 .
23.	Palmer LB, Albulak K, Fields S, et al. Oral clearance and pathogenic oropharyngeal colonization in the elderly. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2001, 164: 464 -468.
24.	Sumi Y,Miura H, Michiwaki Y, et al. Colonization of dental plaque by respiratory pathogens in dependent elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 2007, 44: 119 -124.
25.	Russell SL, Boylan RJ, Kaslick RS, et al. Respiratory pathogen colonization of the dental plaque of institutionalized elders. Spec Care Dentist, 1999, 19: 128-134.
26.	Segal R, Pogoreliuk I, Dan M, et al. Gastric microbiota in elderly patients fed via nasogastric tubes for prolonged periods. J Hosp Infect, 2006, 63: 79 -83.
27.	El-Solh AA, Pietrantoni C, Bhat A, et al. Microbiology of severe aspiration pneumonia in institutionalized elderly. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2003, 167 : 1650-1654.
28.	Tokuyasu H, Harada T, Watanabe E, et al. Effectiveness of meropenem for the treatment of aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients. Intern Med, 2009, 48: 129-135.
29.	Marik PE, Kaplan D. Aspiration pneumonia and dysphagia in the elderly. Chest, 2003, 124: 328-336.
30.	Yoshino A, Ebihara T, Ebihara S, et al. Daily oral care and risk factors for pneumonia among elderly nursing home patients. JAMA,2001, 286: 2235-2236.
31.	Yoneyama T, Yoshida M, Matsui T, et al. Oral care and pneumonia.Oral Care Working Group. Lancet, 1999 , 354: 515.
32.	Nakajoh K, Nakagawa T, Sekizawa K, et al. Relation between incidence of pneumonia and protective reflexes in post-stroke patients with oral or tube feeding. J Intern Med, 2000, 247: 39-42.
33.	Langmore SE, Skarupski KA, Park PS, et al. Predictors of aspiration pneumonia in nursing home residents. Dysphagia, 2002, 17: 298 -307.
34.	Drakulovic MB, Torres A, Bauer TT, et al. Supine body position as a risk factor for nasocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilatedpatients: A randomised trial. Lancet, 1999, 354 , 1851 -1858.
35.	Panagiotakis PH, DiSario JA, Hilden K, et al. DPEJ tube placement prevents aspiration pneumonia in high-risk patients. Nutr Clin Pract, 2008 , 23: 172-175.
36.	Tokunaga T, Kubo T, Ryan S, et al. Long-term outcome after placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 2008, 8 : 19 -23.
37.	Hennessy S, Bilker WB, Leonard CE, et al. Observed association between antidepressant use and pneumonia risk was confounded by comorbidity measures. J Clin Epidemiol, 2007, 60: 911 -918.
38.	Leelamanit V, Limsakul C, Gester A. Synchronized electrical strimuation in treating pharyngeal dysphagia. Laryngoscope, 2002 ,112: 2204-2210.
39.	Smith Hammond CA, Goldstein LB. Cough and aspiration of food and liquids due to oral-pharyngeal dysphagia: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest, 2006, 129: 154S-168S.

1. McClave SA, DeMeo MT, DeLegge MH, et al. North American Summit on Aspiration in the Critically ill Patient: consensus statement. J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2002, 26: S80 -S85.
2. Shariatzadeh MR, Huang JQ, Marrie TJ. Differences in the features of aspiration pneumonia according to site of acquisition: community or continuing care facility. J Am Geriatr Soc , 2006 , 54: 296 -302.
3. Schaller BJ, Graf R, Jacobs AH. Pathophysiological changes of the gastrointestinal tract in ischemic stroke. Am J Gasroenterol, 2006 ,101: 1655-1665.
4. Doggett DL, Tappe KA, Mitchell MD, et al. Prevention of pneumonia in elderly stroke patients by systematic diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia: an evidence-based comprehensive analysis of the literature. Dysphagia, 2001, 16: 279-295.
5. Teramoto S, Yamamoto H, Yamaguchi Y, et al. A novel diagnostic test for the risk of aspiration pneumonia in the elderly. Chest, 2004 ,125: 801-802.
6. Pikus L, Levine MS, Yang YX, et al. Videofluoroscopic studies of swallowing dysfunction and the relative risk of pneumonia. Am J Roentgenol, 2003, 180: 1613-1616.
7. TerréR, Mearin F. Oropharyngeal dysphagia after the acute phase of stroke: predictors of aspiration. Neurogastroenterol Motil, 2006 ,18: 200-205.
8. Martino R, Foley N, Bhogal S, et al. Dysphagia after stroke incidence, diagnosis, and pulmonary complications. Stroke, 2005 ,36: 2756-2763.
9. Nakajoh K, Nakagawa T, Sekizawa K, et al. Relation between incidence of pneumonia and protective reflexes in post-stroke patients with oral or tube feeding. J Intern Med, 2000, 247: 39-42.
10. Katsumata U, Sekizawa K, Ebihara T, et al. Aging effects on cough reflex. Chest, 1995, 107: 290 -291.
11. Smith Hammond CA, Goldstein LB, Zajac DJ, et al. Assessment of aspiration risk in stroke patients with quantification of voluntary cough. Neurology, 2001 , 56 : 502-506.
12. Addington WR, Stephens RE, Gilliland KA. Assessing the laryngeal cough reflex and risk of developing pneumonia after stroke: an interhospital comparison. Stroke, 1999, 30: 1203 -1207 .
13. Tzeng AC, Bach JR. Prevention of pulmonary morbidity for patients with neuromuscular disease. Chest, 2000, 118: 1390 -1396 .
14. Mansel JK, Norman JR. Respiratory complications and management of spinal cord injuries. Chest, 1990, 97: 1446-1452.
15. Higenbottam T, Jackson M, Woolman P, et al. The cough response to ultrasonically nebulized distilled water in heart-lung transplantation patients. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1989, 140: 58 -61.
16. Ebihara S, Saito H, Kanda A, et al. Impaired efficacy of cough in patients with parkinson disease. Chest, 2003, 124 : 1009 -1015 .
17. Parameswaran K, Anvari M, Efthimiadia A, et al. Lipid-laden macrophages in induced sputumare a marker of oropharyngeal reflux and possible gastric aspiration. Eur Respir J, 2000, 16: 1119 -1122 .
18. Adams R, Ruffin R, Campbell D. The value of the lipid-laden macrophage index in the assessment of aspiration pneumonia. Aust N Z J Med, 1997, 27 : 550-553.
19. Farrell S, McMaster C, Gibson D, et al. Pepsin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a specific and sensitive method of diagnosing gastrooesophageal reflux-related pulmonary aspiration. J Pediatr Surg,2006, 41: 289-293.
20. Metheny NA, Clouse RE, Chang YH, et al. Tracheobronchial aspiration of gastric contents in critically ill tube-fed patients:frequency, outcomes and risk factors. Crit Care Med, 2006 , 34 :1007-1015.
21. Clayton J, Ryall C. Tracheal pH monitoring and aspiration in acute stroke. Age Ageing, 2006 , 35: 47-53.
22. GIbson G, Barrett E. The role of salivary function on orophayngeal colonization. Spec Care Dentist, 1992, 12: 153-156 .
23. Palmer LB, Albulak K, Fields S, et al. Oral clearance and pathogenic oropharyngeal colonization in the elderly. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2001, 164: 464 -468.
24. Sumi Y,Miura H, Michiwaki Y, et al. Colonization of dental plaque by respiratory pathogens in dependent elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 2007, 44: 119 -124.
25. Russell SL, Boylan RJ, Kaslick RS, et al. Respiratory pathogen colonization of the dental plaque of institutionalized elders. Spec Care Dentist, 1999, 19: 128-134.
26. Segal R, Pogoreliuk I, Dan M, et al. Gastric microbiota in elderly patients fed via nasogastric tubes for prolonged periods. J Hosp Infect, 2006, 63: 79 -83.
27. El-Solh AA, Pietrantoni C, Bhat A, et al. Microbiology of severe aspiration pneumonia in institutionalized elderly. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2003, 167 : 1650-1654.
28. Tokuyasu H, Harada T, Watanabe E, et al. Effectiveness of meropenem for the treatment of aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients. Intern Med, 2009, 48: 129-135.
29. Marik PE, Kaplan D. Aspiration pneumonia and dysphagia in the elderly. Chest, 2003, 124: 328-336.
30. Yoshino A, Ebihara T, Ebihara S, et al. Daily oral care and risk factors for pneumonia among elderly nursing home patients. JAMA,2001, 286: 2235-2236.
31. Yoneyama T, Yoshida M, Matsui T, et al. Oral care and pneumonia.Oral Care Working Group. Lancet, 1999 , 354: 515.
32. Nakajoh K, Nakagawa T, Sekizawa K, et al. Relation between incidence of pneumonia and protective reflexes in post-stroke patients with oral or tube feeding. J Intern Med, 2000, 247: 39-42.
33. Langmore SE, Skarupski KA, Park PS, et al. Predictors of aspiration pneumonia in nursing home residents. Dysphagia, 2002, 17: 298 -307.
34. Drakulovic MB, Torres A, Bauer TT, et al. Supine body position as a risk factor for nasocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilatedpatients: A randomised trial. Lancet, 1999, 354 , 1851 -1858.
35. Panagiotakis PH, DiSario JA, Hilden K, et al. DPEJ tube placement prevents aspiration pneumonia in high-risk patients. Nutr Clin Pract, 2008 , 23: 172-175.
36. Tokunaga T, Kubo T, Ryan S, et al. Long-term outcome after placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 2008, 8 : 19 -23.
37. Hennessy S, Bilker WB, Leonard CE, et al. Observed association between antidepressant use and pneumonia risk was confounded by comorbidity measures. J Clin Epidemiol, 2007, 60: 911 -918.
38. Leelamanit V, Limsakul C, Gester A. Synchronized electrical strimuation in treating pharyngeal dysphagia. Laryngoscope, 2002 ,112: 2204-2210.
39. Smith Hammond CA, Goldstein LB. Cough and aspiration of food and liquids due to oral-pharyngeal dysphagia: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest, 2006, 129: 154S-168S.

Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

吸入性肺炎的研究进展

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