Evidence-Based Lung Cancer Screening in the Early Stage_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

DONG Birong , HE Ping

Department of Geriatrics; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041; China;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Lung cancer screening; Chest x-ray; Low-dose CT; Sputum cytology

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Lung cancer is the leading cause of death among the tumors in the whole world. Although new diagnostic techniques have been developed for nearly 20 years, the mortality is still high. Until now, no randomized controlled trial of chest x-ray and sputum cytology showed the improvement of the survival rate of lung cancer. Low-dose CT can screen more patients in early stage, however, overdiagnosis, cost and the quality of studies should be considered. Further studies of RCTs should be done to clarify these questions.

Citation： DONG Birong,HE Ping. Evidence-Based Lung Cancer Screening in the Early Stage. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2004, 04(6): 419-422. doi: Copy

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2.	［2］Zhang ZQ, Ye S. The prevalence, mortality and survival situation of lung cancer in 1998 [J]. the Medical J of disability,2000; 8(1): 46-47.
3.	张忠清,叶召.1998年肺癌发病、死亡及生存现状[J].伤残医学杂志,2000;8(1):46～47.
4.	［3］Smith IE. Screening for lung cancer time to think positive [J ].Lancet, 1999; 354(9 173): 86-87.
5.	［4］Park BJ, Altorki NK. Diagnosis and management of early lung cancer [J]. Surg Clin North Am, 2002; 82(3): 457-476.
6.	［5］Kuzniar T, Masters GA, Ray DW. Screening for lung cancer-a review [J]. Med Sci Monit, 2004; 10(2): RA21-30.
7.	［6］Bach PB, Kelley MJ, Tate RC, McCrory DC. Screening for lung cancer: a review of the current literature [ J ]. Chest,2003; 123(1 Suppl): 72S-82S.
8.	［7］Fontana RS, Sanderson DR, Woolner LB, Taylor WF, Miller WE, Muhm JR. Lung cancer screening: the Mayo program [J]. J Occup Med, 1986; 28(28): 746-750.
9.	［8］Black WC, Haggstrom DA, Welch HG. All-cause mortality in randomized trials of cancer screening [J]. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2002; 94(3): 167-173.
10.	［9］Brett GZ. Earlier diagnosis and survival in lung cancer [ J ].BMJ, 1969; 4(478): 260-262.
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13.	［12］Berlin N. Overview of the NCI Cooperative Early Lung Cancer Detection Program [J]. Cancer, 2000; 89(11 Suppl): 2 349-2 351.
14.	［13］Kubik A, Polak J. Lung cancer detection: results of a randomized prospective study in Czechoslovakia [ J ]. Cancer,1986; 57(12): 2 427-2 437.
15.	［14］Brett GZ, The value of lung cancer detection by six-monthly chest radiograhs [J]. Thorax, 1968; 23(4): 414-420.
16.	［15］Fontana RS, Sanderson DR, Woolner LB, Taylor WF, Miller WE, Wuhm JR, Bemaz PE, Payne WS, Pairolero PC,Bergstralh EJ. Screening for lung cancer: a critique of the Mayo Lung Project [J]. Cancer, 1991; 67(4 Suppl): 1 155-1 164.
17.	［16］Tockman MS. Lung cancer screening: the Johns Hopkins study [J]. Chest, 1986; 89(suppl): 324.
18.	［17］Melamed MR. Lung cancer screening results in the National Cancer Institute, New York Study [J]. Cancer, 2000; 89(11 Suppl): 2 356-2 362.
19.	［18］Frost JK, Ball WCJr, Levin ML, Tockman MS, Baker RR,Carter D, EgglestonJC, Erozan YS, Guptu PK, Khouri NF.Early lung cancer detection: results of the initial (pravelence)radiologic and cytologic screening in the Johns Hopkins Study[J]. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1984; 130(4): 549-554.
20.	［19］Bremnes RM, Hirsch FR. Lung cancer screening-what now[J]? Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 2001; 121 ( 13 ): 1 600-1 604.
21.	［20］Sone S, Takashima S, Li F, Yang Z, Honda T, Maruyama Y, Hasegawa M, Yamanda T, Kubo K, Hanamura K,Asakura K. Mass screening for lung cancer with mobile spiral computed tomography scanner [J]. Lancet, 1998; 351 (9111) :1 242-1 245.
22.	［21］Kaneko M, Eguchi K, Ohmatsu H, Kakinuma R, Naruke T, Suenasu K, Moriyama N. Peripheral lung cancer: screening and detection with low-dose spiral CT vs radiography [J ].Radiology, 1996; 201(3): 798-802.
23.	［22］Kakinuma R, Ohmatsu H, Kaneko M, Eguchi K, Naruke T, Nagai K, Nishiwaki Y, Suzuki A, Moriyama N. Detection failures in spiral CT screening for lung cancer: analysis of CT findings [J]. Radiology, 1999; 212(1): 61-66.
24.	［23］Henschke CI. Early lung cancer action project: overall design and findings from baseline screening [J]. Cancer, 2000; 89( Suppl 11 ): 2 474-2 482.
25.	［24］Diederich S, Wormanns D, Semik M, Thomas M, Lenzen H, Roos N, Heindel W. Screening for early lung cancer with low-dose spiral CT: prevalence in 817 asymptomatic smokers [J]. Radiology, 2002; 222(3): 773-781.
26.	［25］Swensen SJ, Jett JR, Hartman TE, Midthun DE, Sloan JA,Sykes AM, Aughenbaugh GL, Clemens MA. Lung cancer screening with CT: Mayo Clinic experience [J]. Radiology,2003; 226(3): 756-761.
27.	［26］Li TY, Bai YX, Gao YA. Using X-ray early diagnosis for broncho-pulmonary cancer [ M ]. 1st Edition, Beijing: Liberation army publishing house, 1986.
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1. ［1］Brownson RC, Alavanja MC, Caporaso N, Simoes EJ, Chang JC. Epidemiology and prevention lung cancer in nonsmokers[J]. Epidemlol Rev, 1998; 20(2): 218-236.
2. ［2］Zhang ZQ, Ye S. The prevalence, mortality and survival situation of lung cancer in 1998 [J]. the Medical J of disability,2000; 8(1): 46-47.
3. 张忠清,叶召.1998年肺癌发病、死亡及生存现状[J].伤残医学杂志,2000;8(1):46～47.
4. ［3］Smith IE. Screening for lung cancer time to think positive [J ].Lancet, 1999; 354(9 173): 86-87.
5. ［4］Park BJ, Altorki NK. Diagnosis and management of early lung cancer [J]. Surg Clin North Am, 2002; 82(3): 457-476.
6. ［5］Kuzniar T, Masters GA, Ray DW. Screening for lung cancer-a review [J]. Med Sci Monit, 2004; 10(2): RA21-30.
7. ［6］Bach PB, Kelley MJ, Tate RC, McCrory DC. Screening for lung cancer: a review of the current literature [ J ]. Chest,2003; 123(1 Suppl): 72S-82S.
8. ［7］Fontana RS, Sanderson DR, Woolner LB, Taylor WF, Miller WE, Muhm JR. Lung cancer screening: the Mayo program [J]. J Occup Med, 1986; 28(28): 746-750.
9. ［8］Black WC, Haggstrom DA, Welch HG. All-cause mortality in randomized trials of cancer screening [J]. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2002; 94(3): 167-173.
10. ［9］Brett GZ. Earlier diagnosis and survival in lung cancer [ J ].BMJ, 1969; 4(478): 260-262.
11. ［10］Tsao H, Feldman M, Fullerton JE, Sober AJ, Rosenthal D,Goggins W. Early detection of asymptomatic pulmonary melanoma metastases by routine chest radiographs is not associated with improved survival [J]. Arch Dermatol, 2004; 140(1):67-70.
12. ［11］Manser RL, Irving LB, Byrnes G, Abramson MJ, Stone CA,Campbell DA. Screening for lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials [J]. Thorax, 2003; 58(9): 784-789.
13. ［12］Berlin N. Overview of the NCI Cooperative Early Lung Cancer Detection Program [J]. Cancer, 2000; 89(11 Suppl): 2 349-2 351.
14. ［13］Kubik A, Polak J. Lung cancer detection: results of a randomized prospective study in Czechoslovakia [ J ]. Cancer,1986; 57(12): 2 427-2 437.
15. ［14］Brett GZ, The value of lung cancer detection by six-monthly chest radiograhs [J]. Thorax, 1968; 23(4): 414-420.
16. ［15］Fontana RS, Sanderson DR, Woolner LB, Taylor WF, Miller WE, Wuhm JR, Bemaz PE, Payne WS, Pairolero PC,Bergstralh EJ. Screening for lung cancer: a critique of the Mayo Lung Project [J]. Cancer, 1991; 67(4 Suppl): 1 155-1 164.
17. ［16］Tockman MS. Lung cancer screening: the Johns Hopkins study [J]. Chest, 1986; 89(suppl): 324.
18. ［17］Melamed MR. Lung cancer screening results in the National Cancer Institute, New York Study [J]. Cancer, 2000; 89(11 Suppl): 2 356-2 362.
19. ［18］Frost JK, Ball WCJr, Levin ML, Tockman MS, Baker RR,Carter D, EgglestonJC, Erozan YS, Guptu PK, Khouri NF.Early lung cancer detection: results of the initial (pravelence)radiologic and cytologic screening in the Johns Hopkins Study[J]. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1984; 130(4): 549-554.
20. ［19］Bremnes RM, Hirsch FR. Lung cancer screening-what now[J]? Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 2001; 121 ( 13 ): 1 600-1 604.
21. ［20］Sone S, Takashima S, Li F, Yang Z, Honda T, Maruyama Y, Hasegawa M, Yamanda T, Kubo K, Hanamura K,Asakura K. Mass screening for lung cancer with mobile spiral computed tomography scanner [J]. Lancet, 1998; 351 (9111) :1 242-1 245.
22. ［21］Kaneko M, Eguchi K, Ohmatsu H, Kakinuma R, Naruke T, Suenasu K, Moriyama N. Peripheral lung cancer: screening and detection with low-dose spiral CT vs radiography [J ].Radiology, 1996; 201(3): 798-802.
23. ［22］Kakinuma R, Ohmatsu H, Kaneko M, Eguchi K, Naruke T, Nagai K, Nishiwaki Y, Suzuki A, Moriyama N. Detection failures in spiral CT screening for lung cancer: analysis of CT findings [J]. Radiology, 1999; 212(1): 61-66.
24. ［23］Henschke CI. Early lung cancer action project: overall design and findings from baseline screening [J]. Cancer, 2000; 89( Suppl 11 ): 2 474-2 482.
25. ［24］Diederich S, Wormanns D, Semik M, Thomas M, Lenzen H, Roos N, Heindel W. Screening for early lung cancer with low-dose spiral CT: prevalence in 817 asymptomatic smokers [J]. Radiology, 2002; 222(3): 773-781.
26. ［25］Swensen SJ, Jett JR, Hartman TE, Midthun DE, Sloan JA,Sykes AM, Aughenbaugh GL, Clemens MA. Lung cancer screening with CT: Mayo Clinic experience [J]. Radiology,2003; 226(3): 756-761.
27. ［26］Li TY, Bai YX, Gao YA. Using X-ray early diagnosis for broncho-pulmonary cancer [ M ]. 1st Edition, Beijing: Liberation army publishing house, 1986.
28. 李铁一,白友贤,高育傲.早期支气管肺癌X线诊断[M].第1版,北京:解放军出版社,1986.

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Evidence-Based Lung Cancer Screening in the Early Stage

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