Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis for Local Recurrence of Rectal Cancer_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

CHEN Chenyang , HUANG Zixing ,  SONG Bin

Department of Radiology， West China Hospital， Sichuan University， Chengdu 610041， Sichuan Province， China;

Corresponding author：

SONG Bin, Email: cjr.songbin@vip.163.com

Keywords：

Computed tomography; Magnetic resonance imaging; Rectal cancer; Local recurrence

Video：

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Objective 　To investigate the situation and prospect of local recurrence of rectal cancer by using CT and MRI.
Method 　Relevant references about the imaging diagnosis of local recurrence of rectal cancer， which were published domestic and abroad in recent years， were collected and reviewed.
Results 　In the diagnosis of local recurrence of rectal cancer， the sensitivity of CT was higher than that of MRI， while the specificity and accuracy were not. Perfusion CT， dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI， and diffusion weighted imaging were valuable in diagnosing local recurrence of rectal cancer， as new diagnostic techniques.
Conclusion 　Both CT and MRI are important and valuable methods in diagnosing for local recurrence of rectal cancer.

Citation： CHEN Chenyang,HUANG Zixing,SONG Bin,.. Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis for Local Recurrence of Rectal Cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2013, 20(11): 1310-1314. doi: Copy

1.	Sangoi A， Patel U， Ode K， et al. Evaluation of patients with clinically detected recurrence of rectal carcinoma：Current practicepatterns of colorectal surgeons[J]. Oncol Lett， 2010， 1(2)：355-359.
2.	Klos CL， Bordeianou LG， Sylla P， et al. The prognostic value of lymph node ratio after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and rectal cancer surgery[J]. Dis Colon Rectum， 2011， 54(2)：171-175.
3.	Kusters M，Marijnen CA， van de Velde CJ， et al. Patterns of local recurrence in rectal cancer；a study of the Dutch TME trial[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol， 2010， 36(5)：470-476.
4.	Schaefer O， Langer M. Detection of recurrent rectal cancer with CT， MRI and PET/CT[J]. Eur Radiol， 2007， 17(8)：2044-2054.
5.	Benson Ⅲ AB， Saab TB， Chan E， et al. NCCN Clinical PracticeGuidelines in Oncology Version 2. 2013[J]. J Natl Compr Canc Netw， 2012， 10：1528-1564.
6.	Schmoll HJ， Van Cutsem E， Stein A， et al. ESMO Consensus Guidelines for management of patients with colon and rectal cancer.A personalized approach to clinical decision making[J]. Ann Oncol， 2012， 23(10)：2479-2516.
7.	Kobayashi H， Mochizuki H， Kato T， et al. Lymph node ratio is a powerful prognostic index in patients with stage Ⅲ distal rectal cancer：a Japanese multicenter study[J]. Int J Colorectal Dis， 2011， 26(7)：891-896. doi：10.1007/s00384-011-1173-0.
8.	亢晓春. 直肠癌复发的影像检查[D]. 郑州：郑州大学， 2012：33.
9.	Kawahara H， Watanabe K， Ushigome T， et al. Laparoscopy-assisted lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for advanced rectal cancer[J]. Hepatogastroenterology， 2010， 57(102-103)：1136-1138.
10.	肖文斌，周鹏，高雪梅. 直肠癌术后复发的CT诊断[J]. 中国实用医药， 2010， 5(20)：40-41.
11.	李德福，张敏. 直肠癌淋巴结转移与临床病理特征分析(附79例报道)[J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2008， 15(9)：652-655.
12.	伍兵，卢春燕，刘荣波，等. 直肠癌TME低位保肛术后的CT评价[J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2011， 18(11)：1227-1230.
13.	刘岚，徐仁根，王索宇. MRI在直肠癌术后复发诊断中的价值[J]. 实用癌症杂志， 2011， 6(6)：648-649.
14.	Syk E， Torkzad MR， Blomqvist L， et al. Local recurrence in rectal cancer：anatomic localization and effect on radiation target[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys， 2008， 72(3)：658-664.
15.	Kinkel K， Tardivon AA， Soyer P， et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced subtraction versus T2-weighted spin-echo MR imaging in the follow-up of colorectal neoplasm：a prospective study of 41 patients[J]. Radiology， 1996， 200(2)：453-458.
16.	Torricelli P， Pecchi A， Luppi G， et al. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI with dynamic evaluation in diagnosing the local recurrence of rectal cancer[J]. Abdom Imaging， 2003， 28(1)：19-27.
17.	Kapse N， Goh V. Functional imaging of colorectal cancer：positronemission tomography， magnetic resonance imaging， and computedtomography[J]. Clin Colorectal Cancer， 2009， 8(2)：77-87.
18.	Blomqvist L， Fransson P， Hindmarsh T. The pelvis after surgery and radio-chemotherapy for rectal cancer studied with Gd-DTPA-enhanced fast dynamic MR imaging[J]. Eur Radiol， 1998， 8(5)：781-787.
19.	Nishie A， Stolpen AH， Obuchi M， et al. Evaluation of locally recurrent pelvic malignancy：performance of T2- and diffusion-weighted MRI with image fusion[J]. J Magn Reson Imaging， 2008， 28(3)：705-713.
20.	Ichikawa T， Erturk SM， Motosugi U， et al. High-B-value diffusion-weighted MRI in colorectal cancer[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol， 2006， 187(1)：181-184.
21.	高永伟，牛广明，韩晓东. 3.0 T磁共振诊断直肠癌ADC值与肿瘤分化程度的相关性分析[J]. 中国医疗前沿， 2012， 7(6)：7-8.
22.	Nural MS， Danaci M， Soyucok A， et al. Efficiency of apparentdiffusion coefficients in differentiation of colorectal tumor recurr-ences and posttherapeutical soft-tissue changes[J]. Eur J Radiol，.
23.	Elmi A， Hedgire SS， Covarrubias D， et al. Apparent diffusion coefficient as a non-invasive predictor of treatment response and recurrence in locally advanced rectal cancer[J]. Clin Radiol， 2013， 68(10)：524-531.
24.	Lambregts DM， Cappendijk VC， Maas M， et al. Value of MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI for the diagnosis of locally recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Eur Radiol， 2011， 21(6)：1250-1258.
25.	Iafrate F， Laghi A， Paolantonio P， et al. Preoperative staging of rectal cancer with MR imaging: correlation with surgical and histopathologic findings[J]. Radiographics， 2006， 26(3)：701-714.
26.	Ono K， Ochiai R， Yoshida T， et al. Comparison of diffusion-weighted MRI and 2- [fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for detecting primary colorectal cancer and regional lymph node metastases[J]. J Magn Reson Imaging， 2009， 29(2)：336-340.
27.	Akay S， Kocaoglu M， Emer O， et al. Diagnostic accuracy of whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with 3.0 T in detection of primary and metastatic neoplasms[J]. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol， 2013， 57(3)：274-282.
28.	Maas M， Rutten IJ， Nelemans PJ， et al. What is the most accu-rate whole-body imaging modality for assessment of local and distant recurrent disease in colorectal cancer? A meta-analysis：imaging for recurrent colorectal cancer[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging， 2011， 38(8)：1560-1571.
29.	Dresen RC， Gosens MJ， Martijn H， et al. Radical resection after IORT-containing multimodality treatment is the most important determinant for outcome in patients treated for locally recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Ann Surg Oncol， 2008， 15(7)：1937-1947.
30.	周纯武，石木兰，吴宁. 直肠乙状结肠癌术后的CT扫描随诊[J]. 中华肿瘤杂志， 1993， 15(3)：221-223.
31.	李忠贵. 直肠癌根治术后复发的CT分析[J]. 中外健康文摘， 2012， 9(4)：132-133.
32.	张锋玫，王成名，覃求. 62例直肠癌术后CT扫描价值[J]. 海南医学， 2008， 19(4)：160-161.
33.	王莉莉，段青，薛蕴箐，等. 3.0 T磁共振在直肠癌术后复发与良性病变鉴别诊断中的应用[J]. 中华胃肠外科杂志， 2011， 14(11)：859-863.
34.	刘于宝，梁长虹，张忠林，等. 64层螺旋CT灌注成像评价直肠癌术后复发或瘢痕组织[J]. 放射学实践， 2006， 21(5)：503-506.
35.	张伯生. 直肠癌Mile’s术后CT灌注应用新进展[J]. 医学信息：上旬刊， 2011， 24(5)：3214-3216.
36.	Dresen RC， Beets GL， Rutten HJ， et al. Locally advanced rectal cancer：MR imaging for restaging after neoadjuvant radiation therapy with concomitant chemotherapy. Part I. Are we able to predict tumor confined to the rectal wall?[J]. Radiology， 2009， 252(1)：71-80.
37.	Kuo LJ， Chern MC， Tsou MH， et al. Interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging for locally advanced rectal carcinoma after preoperative chemoradiation therapy[J]. Dis Colon Rectum， 2005， 48(1)：23-28.
38.	Barbaro B， Vitale R， Leccisotti L， et al. Restaging locally advanced rectal cancer with MR imaging after chemoradiation therapy[J]. Radiographics， 2010， 30(3)：699-716.
39.	Markus J， Morrissey B， deGara C， et al. MRI of recurrent recto-sigmoid carcinoma[J]. Abdom Imaging， 1997， 22(3)：338-342.
40.	Messiou C， Chalmers A， Boyle K， et al. Surgery for recurrent rectal carcinoma：The role of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging[J]. Clin Radiol， 2006， 61(3)：250-258.
41.	Tan PL， Chan CL， Moore NR. Radiological appearances in the pelvis following rectal cancer surgery[J]. Clin Radiol， 2005， 60(8)：846-855.
42.	Robinson P， Carrington BM， Swindell R， et al. Recurrent or resi-dual pelvic bowel cancer：accuracy of MRI local extent before salvage surgery[J]. Clin Radiol， 2002， 57(6)：514-522.
43.	， 82(10)：1702-1709.

1. Sangoi A， Patel U， Ode K， et al. Evaluation of patients with clinically detected recurrence of rectal carcinoma：Current practicepatterns of colorectal surgeons[J]. Oncol Lett， 2010， 1(2)：355-359.
2. Klos CL， Bordeianou LG， Sylla P， et al. The prognostic value of lymph node ratio after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and rectal cancer surgery[J]. Dis Colon Rectum， 2011， 54(2)：171-175.
3. Kusters M，Marijnen CA， van de Velde CJ， et al. Patterns of local recurrence in rectal cancer；a study of the Dutch TME trial[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol， 2010， 36(5)：470-476.
4. Schaefer O， Langer M. Detection of recurrent rectal cancer with CT， MRI and PET/CT[J]. Eur Radiol， 2007， 17(8)：2044-2054.
5. Benson Ⅲ AB， Saab TB， Chan E， et al. NCCN Clinical PracticeGuidelines in Oncology Version 2. 2013[J]. J Natl Compr Canc Netw， 2012， 10：1528-1564.
6. Schmoll HJ， Van Cutsem E， Stein A， et al. ESMO Consensus Guidelines for management of patients with colon and rectal cancer.A personalized approach to clinical decision making[J]. Ann Oncol， 2012， 23(10)：2479-2516.
7. Kobayashi H， Mochizuki H， Kato T， et al. Lymph node ratio is a powerful prognostic index in patients with stage Ⅲ distal rectal cancer：a Japanese multicenter study[J]. Int J Colorectal Dis， 2011， 26(7)：891-896. doi：10.1007/s00384-011-1173-0.
8. 亢晓春. 直肠癌复发的影像检查[D]. 郑州：郑州大学， 2012：33.
9. Kawahara H， Watanabe K， Ushigome T， et al. Laparoscopy-assisted lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for advanced rectal cancer[J]. Hepatogastroenterology， 2010， 57(102-103)：1136-1138.
10. 肖文斌，周鹏，高雪梅. 直肠癌术后复发的CT诊断[J]. 中国实用医药， 2010， 5(20)：40-41.
11. 李德福，张敏. 直肠癌淋巴结转移与临床病理特征分析(附79例报道)[J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2008， 15(9)：652-655.
12. 伍兵，卢春燕，刘荣波，等. 直肠癌TME低位保肛术后的CT评价[J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2011， 18(11)：1227-1230.
13. 刘岚，徐仁根，王索宇. MRI在直肠癌术后复发诊断中的价值[J]. 实用癌症杂志， 2011， 6(6)：648-649.
14. Syk E， Torkzad MR， Blomqvist L， et al. Local recurrence in rectal cancer：anatomic localization and effect on radiation target[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys， 2008， 72(3)：658-664.
15. Kinkel K， Tardivon AA， Soyer P， et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced subtraction versus T2-weighted spin-echo MR imaging in the follow-up of colorectal neoplasm：a prospective study of 41 patients[J]. Radiology， 1996， 200(2)：453-458.
16. Torricelli P， Pecchi A， Luppi G， et al. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI with dynamic evaluation in diagnosing the local recurrence of rectal cancer[J]. Abdom Imaging， 2003， 28(1)：19-27.
17. Kapse N， Goh V. Functional imaging of colorectal cancer：positronemission tomography， magnetic resonance imaging， and computedtomography[J]. Clin Colorectal Cancer， 2009， 8(2)：77-87.
18. Blomqvist L， Fransson P， Hindmarsh T. The pelvis after surgery and radio-chemotherapy for rectal cancer studied with Gd-DTPA-enhanced fast dynamic MR imaging[J]. Eur Radiol， 1998， 8(5)：781-787.
19. Nishie A， Stolpen AH， Obuchi M， et al. Evaluation of locally recurrent pelvic malignancy：performance of T2- and diffusion-weighted MRI with image fusion[J]. J Magn Reson Imaging， 2008， 28(3)：705-713.
20. Ichikawa T， Erturk SM， Motosugi U， et al. High-B-value diffusion-weighted MRI in colorectal cancer[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol， 2006， 187(1)：181-184.
21. 高永伟，牛广明，韩晓东. 3.0 T磁共振诊断直肠癌ADC值与肿瘤分化程度的相关性分析[J]. 中国医疗前沿， 2012， 7(6)：7-8.
22. Nural MS， Danaci M， Soyucok A， et al. Efficiency of apparentdiffusion coefficients in differentiation of colorectal tumor recurr-ences and posttherapeutical soft-tissue changes[J]. Eur J Radiol，.
23. Elmi A， Hedgire SS， Covarrubias D， et al. Apparent diffusion coefficient as a non-invasive predictor of treatment response and recurrence in locally advanced rectal cancer[J]. Clin Radiol， 2013， 68(10)：524-531.
24. Lambregts DM， Cappendijk VC， Maas M， et al. Value of MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI for the diagnosis of locally recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Eur Radiol， 2011， 21(6)：1250-1258.
25. Iafrate F， Laghi A， Paolantonio P， et al. Preoperative staging of rectal cancer with MR imaging: correlation with surgical and histopathologic findings[J]. Radiographics， 2006， 26(3)：701-714.
26. Ono K， Ochiai R， Yoshida T， et al. Comparison of diffusion-weighted MRI and 2- [fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for detecting primary colorectal cancer and regional lymph node metastases[J]. J Magn Reson Imaging， 2009， 29(2)：336-340.
27. Akay S， Kocaoglu M， Emer O， et al. Diagnostic accuracy of whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with 3.0 T in detection of primary and metastatic neoplasms[J]. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol， 2013， 57(3)：274-282.
28. Maas M， Rutten IJ， Nelemans PJ， et al. What is the most accu-rate whole-body imaging modality for assessment of local and distant recurrent disease in colorectal cancer? A meta-analysis：imaging for recurrent colorectal cancer[J]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging， 2011， 38(8)：1560-1571.
29. Dresen RC， Gosens MJ， Martijn H， et al. Radical resection after IORT-containing multimodality treatment is the most important determinant for outcome in patients treated for locally recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Ann Surg Oncol， 2008， 15(7)：1937-1947.
30. 周纯武，石木兰，吴宁. 直肠乙状结肠癌术后的CT扫描随诊[J]. 中华肿瘤杂志， 1993， 15(3)：221-223.
31. 李忠贵. 直肠癌根治术后复发的CT分析[J]. 中外健康文摘， 2012， 9(4)：132-133.
32. 张锋玫，王成名，覃求. 62例直肠癌术后CT扫描价值[J]. 海南医学， 2008， 19(4)：160-161.
33. 王莉莉，段青，薛蕴箐，等. 3.0 T磁共振在直肠癌术后复发与良性病变鉴别诊断中的应用[J]. 中华胃肠外科杂志， 2011， 14(11)：859-863.
34. 刘于宝，梁长虹，张忠林，等. 64层螺旋CT灌注成像评价直肠癌术后复发或瘢痕组织[J]. 放射学实践， 2006， 21(5)：503-506.
35. 张伯生. 直肠癌Mile’s术后CT灌注应用新进展[J]. 医学信息：上旬刊， 2011， 24(5)：3214-3216.
36. Dresen RC， Beets GL， Rutten HJ， et al. Locally advanced rectal cancer：MR imaging for restaging after neoadjuvant radiation therapy with concomitant chemotherapy. Part I. Are we able to predict tumor confined to the rectal wall?[J]. Radiology， 2009， 252(1)：71-80.
37. Kuo LJ， Chern MC， Tsou MH， et al. Interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging for locally advanced rectal carcinoma after preoperative chemoradiation therapy[J]. Dis Colon Rectum， 2005， 48(1)：23-28.
38. Barbaro B， Vitale R， Leccisotti L， et al. Restaging locally advanced rectal cancer with MR imaging after chemoradiation therapy[J]. Radiographics， 2010， 30(3)：699-716.
39. Markus J， Morrissey B， deGara C， et al. MRI of recurrent recto-sigmoid carcinoma[J]. Abdom Imaging， 1997， 22(3)：338-342.
40. Messiou C， Chalmers A， Boyle K， et al. Surgery for recurrent rectal carcinoma：The role of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging[J]. Clin Radiol， 2006， 61(3)：250-258.
41. Tan PL， Chan CL， Moore NR. Radiological appearances in the pelvis following rectal cancer surgery[J]. Clin Radiol， 2005， 60(8)：846-855.
42. Robinson P， Carrington BM， Swindell R， et al. Recurrent or resi-dual pelvic bowel cancer：accuracy of MRI local extent before salvage surgery[J]. Clin Radiol， 2002， 57(6)：514-522.
43. ， 82(10)：1702-1709.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis for Local Recurrence of Rectal Cancer

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

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