Expressions of Galectin-3， HBME-1， CK19， and RET in Benign and Malignant Thyroid Tumor and Their ClinicalSignificances_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

HUANG Kun , GONG Weidong , WANG Nanpeng , YE Hui , ZHOU Yan , GAO Qingjun , DUAN Haisong , GAO Rongjun ,  ZHAO Daiwei

Department of Thyroid Surgery， Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College， Guiyang 550004， Guizhou Province， China;

Corresponding author：

ZHAO Daiwei, Email: zhaodw@hotmail.com

Keywords：

Thyroid tumor; Galectin-3; Human bone marrow endothelial cell-1; Cytokeratin 19; RET; Immu-nohistochemistry

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Objective 　To analyze the expressions of galectin-3， human bone marrow endothelial cell-1 （HBME-1），cytokeratin （CK）19， and RET in benign and malignant thyroid tumor and to discuss their clinical significances.
Methods　 The clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical staining data of 131 patients with benign and malignant thyroid tumor were analyzed retrospectively， including 45 patients with malignant thyroid tumor， 86 patients with benign thyroid
tumor. The expressions of galectin-3， HBME-1， CK19， and RET in the benign and malignant thyroid tumor were detected
by immunohistochemical staining.
Results 　The positive expression rates of the galectin-3， HBME-1， CK19， and RET in the malignant thyroid tumor were 97.8% （44/45）， 88.9% （40/45）， 100% （45/45）， and 71.1% （32/45）， respectively，which in the benign thyroid tumor were 9.3% （8/86）， 12.8% （11/86）， 37.2% （32/86）， and 8.1% （7/86）， respectively， the differences were statistically significant （P＜0.05）. The diagnostic sensitivity， specificity， and accordance rates were 97.8 %， 90.7%， and 93.1% for the galectin-3， respectively；88.9%， 87.2%， and 87.8% for the HBME-1， respec-tively；100%， 62.8%， and 75.6% for the CK19， respectively；71.1%， 91.9%， and 84.7% for the RET， respectively.
Conclusions 　The expression levels of galectin-3， HBME-1， CK19， and RET in malignant thyroid tumor are significantly higher than those in benign thyroid tumor. Galectin-3， HBME-1， CK19， and RET can be important factors for identifying the benign and malignant tumor and their biological behaviors. Galectin-3 has a high reference value in the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma.

Citation： HUANG Kun,GONG Weidong,WANG Nanpeng,YE Hui,ZHOU Yan,GAO Qingjun,DUAN Haisong,GAO Rongjun,ZHAO Daiwei,.. Expressions of Galectin-3， HBME-1， CK19， and RET in Benign and Malignant Thyroid Tumor and Their ClinicalSignificances. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2013, 20(2): 156-160. doi: Copy

1.	吴在德，吴肇汉. 外科学[M]. 北京：人民卫生出版社， 2005：313.
2.	Hundahl SA， Fleming ID， Fremgen AM， et al. A National CancerData Base report on 53 856 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated in the U. S， 1985-1995[J]. Cancer， 1998， 83(12)：2638-2648.
3.	Chen AY， Jemal A， Ward EM. Increasing incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer in the United States， 1988-2005[J]. Cancer， 2009， 115(16)：3801-3807.
4.	Cheung CC， Ezzat S， Freeman JL， et al. Immunohistochemical diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma[J]. Mod Pathol， 2001， 14(4)：338-342.
5.	Liberman E， Weidner N. Papillary and follicular neoplasms of thethyroid gland. Differential immunohistochemical staining with high-molecular-weight keratin and involucrin[J]. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol， 2000， 8(1)：42-48.
6.	Saleh HA， Jin B， Barnwell J， et al. Utility of immunohistochemical markers in differentiating benign from malignant follicular-derived thyroid nodules[J]. Diagn Pathol， 2010， 5：9.
7.	Park YJ， Kwak SH， Kim DC， et al. Diagnostic value of galectin-3，HBME-1， cytokeratin 19， high molecular weight cytokeratin， cyclin D1 and p27 (kip1) in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules[J]. J Korean Med Sci， 2007， 22(4)：621-628.
8.	Beesley MF， Mclaren KM. Cytokeratin 19 and galectin-3 immuno-histochemistry in the differential diagnosis of solitary thyroid nodules[J]. Histopathology， 2002， 41(3)：236-243.
9.	Volante M， Bozzalla-Cassione F， Orlandi F， et al. Diagnostic role of galectin-3 in follicular thyroid tumors[J]. Virchows Arch， 2004， 444(4)：309-312.
10.	de Matos PS， Ferreira AP， de Oliveira Facuri F， et al. Usefulness of HBME-1， cytokeratin 19 and galectin-3 immunostaining in thediagnosis of thyroid malignancy[J]. Histopathology， 2005， 47 (4)：391-401.
11.	王洪云，林均义，李怀臣. 胸膜间皮瘤的间皮细胞抗原癌胚抗原表达特征及鉴别诊断价值[J]. 中华肿瘤杂志， 2000， 22(5)：410.
12.	Miettinen M， Kärkkäinen P. Differential reactivity of HBME-1and CD15 antibodies in benign and malignant thyroid tumours. Pref-erential reactivity with malignant tumours[J]. Virchows Arch， 1996， 429(4-5)：213-219.
13.	van Hoeven KH， Kovatich AJ， Miettinen M. Immunocytochemicalevaluation of HBME-1， CA19-9， and CD-15 (Leu-M1) in fine-needle aspirates of thyroid nodules[J]. Diagn Cytopathol， 1998， 18(2)：93-97.
14.	Nasr MR， Mukhopadhyay S， Zhang S， et al. Immunohistochemical markers in diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma：Utility of HBME1 combined with CK19 immunostaining[J]. Mod Pathol， 2006， 19(12)：1631-1637.
15.	Prasad ML， Huang Y， Pellegata NS， et al. Hashimoto’s thyroiditiswith papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)-like nuclear alterations express molecular markers of PTC[J]. Histopathology， 2004， 45(1)：39-46.
16.	Raphael SJ， Mckeown-Eyssen G， Asa SL. High-molecular-weight cytokeratin and cytokeratin-19 in the diagnosis of thyroid tumors[J]. Mod Pathol， 1994， 7(3)：295-300.
17.	Griffith OL， Chiu CG， Gown AM， et al. Biomarker panel diagnosis of thyroid cancer：a critical review[J]. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther， 2008， 8(9)：1399-1413.
18.	Fischer S， Asa SL. Application of immunohistochemistry to thyroid neoplasms[J]. Arch Pathol Lab Med， 2008， 132(3)：359-372.
19.	Prasad ML， Pellegata NS， Huang Y， et al. Galectin-3， fibronectin-1，CITED-1， HBME1 and cytokeratin-19 immunohistochemistry is useful for the differential diagnosis of thyroid tumors[J]. Mod Pathol， 2005， 18(1)：48-57.
20.	姜军，韩晓蓉. 甲状腺癌的分子生物学研究进展[J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2000， 7(5)：326-327.
21.	王雅辉，叶晖，王南鹏，等. 抑癌基因TIP30在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达与临床意义[J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2009， 16(5)：356-359.
22.	Ito T， Seyama T， Mizuno T， et al. Unique association of p53 mutations with undifferentiated but not with differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid gland[J]. Cancer Res， 1992， 52(5)：1369-1371.
23.	高荣君，王南鹏，叶晖，等. KiSS-1在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及其临床意义[J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2010， 17(8)：775-779.
24.	Asa SL. The role of immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of follicular-patterned lesions of the thyroid[J]. Endocr Pathol， 2005， 16(4)：295-309.
25.	Fischer AH， Bond JA， Taysavang P， et al. Papillary thyroid carcinoma oncogene (RET/PTC) alters the nuclear envelope and chromatin structure[J]. Am J Pathol， 1998， 153(5)：1443-1450.

1. 吴在德，吴肇汉. 外科学[M]. 北京：人民卫生出版社， 2005：313.
2. Hundahl SA， Fleming ID， Fremgen AM， et al. A National CancerData Base report on 53 856 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated in the U. S， 1985-1995[J]. Cancer， 1998， 83(12)：2638-2648.
3. Chen AY， Jemal A， Ward EM. Increasing incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer in the United States， 1988-2005[J]. Cancer， 2009， 115(16)：3801-3807.
4. Cheung CC， Ezzat S， Freeman JL， et al. Immunohistochemical diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma[J]. Mod Pathol， 2001， 14(4)：338-342.
5. Liberman E， Weidner N. Papillary and follicular neoplasms of thethyroid gland. Differential immunohistochemical staining with high-molecular-weight keratin and involucrin[J]. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol， 2000， 8(1)：42-48.
6. Saleh HA， Jin B， Barnwell J， et al. Utility of immunohistochemical markers in differentiating benign from malignant follicular-derived thyroid nodules[J]. Diagn Pathol， 2010， 5：9.
7. Park YJ， Kwak SH， Kim DC， et al. Diagnostic value of galectin-3，HBME-1， cytokeratin 19， high molecular weight cytokeratin， cyclin D1 and p27 (kip1) in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules[J]. J Korean Med Sci， 2007， 22(4)：621-628.
8. Beesley MF， Mclaren KM. Cytokeratin 19 and galectin-3 immuno-histochemistry in the differential diagnosis of solitary thyroid nodules[J]. Histopathology， 2002， 41(3)：236-243.
9. Volante M， Bozzalla-Cassione F， Orlandi F， et al. Diagnostic role of galectin-3 in follicular thyroid tumors[J]. Virchows Arch， 2004， 444(4)：309-312.
10. de Matos PS， Ferreira AP， de Oliveira Facuri F， et al. Usefulness of HBME-1， cytokeratin 19 and galectin-3 immunostaining in thediagnosis of thyroid malignancy[J]. Histopathology， 2005， 47 (4)：391-401.
11. 王洪云，林均义，李怀臣. 胸膜间皮瘤的间皮细胞抗原癌胚抗原表达特征及鉴别诊断价值[J]. 中华肿瘤杂志， 2000， 22(5)：410.
12. Miettinen M， Kärkkäinen P. Differential reactivity of HBME-1and CD15 antibodies in benign and malignant thyroid tumours. Pref-erential reactivity with malignant tumours[J]. Virchows Arch， 1996， 429(4-5)：213-219.
13. van Hoeven KH， Kovatich AJ， Miettinen M. Immunocytochemicalevaluation of HBME-1， CA19-9， and CD-15 (Leu-M1) in fine-needle aspirates of thyroid nodules[J]. Diagn Cytopathol， 1998， 18(2)：93-97.
14. Nasr MR， Mukhopadhyay S， Zhang S， et al. Immunohistochemical markers in diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma：Utility of HBME1 combined with CK19 immunostaining[J]. Mod Pathol， 2006， 19(12)：1631-1637.
15. Prasad ML， Huang Y， Pellegata NS， et al. Hashimoto’s thyroiditiswith papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)-like nuclear alterations express molecular markers of PTC[J]. Histopathology， 2004， 45(1)：39-46.
16. Raphael SJ， Mckeown-Eyssen G， Asa SL. High-molecular-weight cytokeratin and cytokeratin-19 in the diagnosis of thyroid tumors[J]. Mod Pathol， 1994， 7(3)：295-300.
17. Griffith OL， Chiu CG， Gown AM， et al. Biomarker panel diagnosis of thyroid cancer：a critical review[J]. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther， 2008， 8(9)：1399-1413.
18. Fischer S， Asa SL. Application of immunohistochemistry to thyroid neoplasms[J]. Arch Pathol Lab Med， 2008， 132(3)：359-372.
19. Prasad ML， Pellegata NS， Huang Y， et al. Galectin-3， fibronectin-1，CITED-1， HBME1 and cytokeratin-19 immunohistochemistry is useful for the differential diagnosis of thyroid tumors[J]. Mod Pathol， 2005， 18(1)：48-57.
20. 姜军，韩晓蓉. 甲状腺癌的分子生物学研究进展[J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2000， 7(5)：326-327.
21. 王雅辉，叶晖，王南鹏，等. 抑癌基因TIP30在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达与临床意义[J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2009， 16(5)：356-359.
22. Ito T， Seyama T， Mizuno T， et al. Unique association of p53 mutations with undifferentiated but not with differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid gland[J]. Cancer Res， 1992， 52(5)：1369-1371.
23. 高荣君，王南鹏，叶晖，等. KiSS-1在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及其临床意义[J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2010， 17(8)：775-779.
24. Asa SL. The role of immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of follicular-patterned lesions of the thyroid[J]. Endocr Pathol， 2005， 16(4)：295-309.
25. Fischer AH， Bond JA， Taysavang P， et al. Papillary thyroid carcinoma oncogene (RET/PTC) alters the nuclear envelope and chromatin structure[J]. Am J Pathol， 1998， 153(5)：1443-1450.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Expressions of Galectin-3， HBME-1， CK19， and RET in Benign and Malignant Thyroid Tumor and Their ClinicalSignificances

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