The Treatment Strategies of Incidental Gallbladder Carcinoma after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

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赖佳明 , 梁力建

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意外胆囊癌; TNM 分期; 腹腔镜手术

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Citation： 赖佳明,梁力建. The Treatment Strategies of Incidental Gallbladder Carcinoma after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2012, 19(4): 349-353. doi: Copy

1.	Jemal A， Siegel R， Xu J， et al. Cancer statistics， 2010 [J]. CA Cancer J Clin， 2010， 60(5)： 277-300.
2.	Cubertafond P， Gainant A， Cucchiaro G. Surgical treatment of 724 carcinomas of the gallbladder. Results of the French surgical association survey [J]. Ann Surg， 1994， 219(3)：275-280.
3.	Piehler JM， Crichlow RW. Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder [J]. Surg Gynecol Obstet， 1978， 147(6)：929-942.
4.	Varshney S， Butturini G， Gupta R. Incidental carcinoma of the gallbladder [J]. Eur J Surg Oncol， 2002， 28(1)：4-10.
5.	Kayahara M， Nagakawa T. Recent trends of gallbladder cancer in Japan：an analysis of 4 770 patients [J]. Cancer， 2007，110(3)：572-580.
6.	Konstantinidis IT， Deshpande V， Genevay M， et al. Trends in presentation and survival for gallbladder cancer during a period of more than 4 decades： a single-institution experience [J]. Arch Surg， 2009， 144(5)：441-447.
7.	Tantia O， Jain M， Khanna S， et al. Incidental carcinoma gall bladder during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gall stone disease [J]. Surg Endosc， 2009， 3(9)：2041-2046.
8.	Kiran RP， Pokala N， Dudrick SJ. Incidence pattern and survival for gallbladder cancer over three decades—an analysis of 10 301 patients [J]. Annals of Surgical Oncology， 2006， 14(2)：827-832.
9.	Dixon E， Vollmer CM Jr， Sahajpal A， et al. An aggressive surgical approach leads to improved survival in patients with gallbladder cancer [J]. Ann Surg， 2005， 241(3)：385-394.
10.	Butte JM， Waugh E， Meneses M， et al. Incidental gallbladder cancer：Analysis of surgical findings and survivor [J]. J Surg Oncol， 2010， 102(6)：620-625.
11.	Choi SB， Han HJ， Kim CY， et al. Incidental gallbladder cancer diagnosed following laparoscopic cholecystectomy [J]. World J Surg， 2009， 33(2)：2657-2663.
12.	Shih SP， Schulick RD， Cameron JL， et al. Gallbladder cancer：the role of laparoscopy and radical resection [J]. Ann Surg，2007， 245(6)：893-901.
13.	Pitt HA. Gallbladder cancer： what is an aggressive approach? [J]. Ann Surg， 2005， 241(3)：395-396.
14.	Scheingraber S， Justinger C， Stremovskaia T， et al. The standardized surgical approach improves outcome of gallbladder cancer [J]. World J Surg Oncol， 2007， 21(5)：55.
15.	Hanyu F， Nakamura K， Yoshikawa T. Radical operation for carcinoma of the biliary tract (hepatoligamentopancreatoduodenectomy) [J]. Surg Ther， 1988， 59：12-21.
16.	Miyazaki M， Ito H， Nakagawa K， et al. Does aggressive surgical resection improve the outcome in advanced gallbladder carcinoma?[J]. Hepatogastroenterology， 1999， 46(28)： 2128-2132.
17.	Ogura Y， Mizumoto R， Isaji S， et al. Radical operations for carcinoma of the gallbladder： present status in Japan [J]. World J Surg， 1991， 15(3)：337-343.
18.	Goetze TO， Paolucci V. The prognostic impact of positive lymph nodes in stages T1 to T3 incidental gallbladder carcinoma： results of the German Registry [J]. Surg Endosc， 2011， Nov 17. 2044 [Epub ahead of print].
19.	Jarnagin WR， Ruo L， Little SA， et al. Patterns of initial disease recurrence after resection of gallbladder carcinoma and hilar cholangiocarcinoma：implications for adjuvant therapeutic strategies [J]. Cancer， 2003， 98(8)：1689-1700.
20.	Goetze TO， Paolucci V. Adequate extent in radical re-resection of incidental gallbladder carcinoma：analysis of the German Registry [J]. Surg Endosc， 2010， 24(9)：2156-2164.
21.	Pawlik TM， Gleisner AL， Vigano L， et al. Incidence of finding residual disease for incidental gallbladder carcinoma： implications for re-resection [J]. J Gastrointest Surg， 2007， 11(11)：1478-1487.
22.	Kinoshita H， Hashino K， Hashimoto M， et al. Clinicopathological evaluation of surgical treatment for early gallbladder cancer [J]. Kurume Med J， 2001， 48(4)：267-271.
23.	Fong Y， Jarnagin W， Blumgart LH. Gallbladder cancer：comparison of patients presenting initially for definitive operation with those presenting after prior noncurative intervention [J]. Ann Surg， 2000， 232(2)：557-569.
24.	Paolucci V， Neckell M， Gotze T. Unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma：the CAE-S/CAMIC registry [J]. Zentralbl Chir， 2003，128(4)：309-312.
25.	De Arextabala XA， Roa IS， Burgos LA， et al. Curative resection in potentially resectable tumors of the gallbladder [J]. Eur J Surg， 1997， 163(6)：419-426.
26.	Chijiiwa K， Noshiro H， Nakano K， et al. Role of surgery for gallbladder carcinoma with special reference to lymph node metastasis and stage using Western and Japanese classification systems [J]. World J Surg， 2000， 24(10)：1271-1277.
27.	Tsukada K， Kurosaki I， Uchida K， et al. Lymph node spread from carcinoma of the gallbladder [J]. Cancer， 1997， 80(4)：661-667.
28.	Frena A， La Guardia G， Martin F. Outcome of radical surgery for carcinoma of the gallbladder according to the tumor node metastasis and Japanese Society of Biliary Surgery stages [J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2004， 8(5)：580-590.
29.	Tsukada K， Hatakeyama K， Kurosaki I， et al. Outcome of radical surgery for carcinoma of the gallbladder according the TNM stage [J]. Surgery，1996， 120(5)：816-822.
30.	Kondo S， Nimura Y， Hayakawa N， et al. Regional and paraaortic lymphadenectomy in radical surgery for advanced gallbladder cancer [J]. Br J Surg， 2000， 87(4)：418-422.
31.	Fuks D， Regimbeau JM， Le Treut YP， et al. Incidental gallbladder cancer by the AFC-GBC-2009 Study Group [J]. World J Surg，2011， 35(8)：1887-1897.
32.	Kosuge T， Sano K， Shimada K， et al. Should the bile duct be preserved or removed in radical surgery for gallbladder cancer?[J]. Hepatogastroenterology， 1999， 46(28)：2133-2137.
33.	Chijiiwa K， Tanaka M. Indications for and limitations of extended cholecystectomy in the treatment of carcinoma of the gall bladder [J]. Eur J Surg， 1996， 162(3)：211-216.
34.	Hu JB， Sun XN， Xu J， et al. Port site and distant metastases of gallbladder cancer after laparoscopic cholecystectomy diagnosed by positron emission tomography [J]. World J Gastroenterol，2008， 14(41)：6428-6431.
35.	Zhang WJ， Xu GF， Zou XP， et al. Incidental gallbladder carcinoma diagnosed during or after laparoscopic cholecystectomy [J]. World J Surg， 2009， 33(12)：2651-2656.
36.	Weiland ST， Mahvi DM， Niederhuber JE， et al. Should suspected early gallbladder cancer be treated laparoscopically? [J]. J Gastrointest Surg， 2002， 6(1)：56-57.
37.	Fong Y， Brennan MF， Turnbull A， et al. Gallbladder cancer discovered during laparoscopic surgery. Potential for iatrogenic tumor dissemination [J]. Arch Surg， 1993， 128(9)：1054-1056.
38.	Ricardo AE， Feig BW， Ellis LM， et al. Gallbladder cancer and trocar site recurrences [J]. Am J Surg， 1997， 174(6)：619-622.
39.	Kang CM， Choi GH，Park SH， et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy only could be an appropriate treatment for selected clinical R0 gallbladder carcinoma [J]. Surg Endosc， 2007， 21(9)：1582-1587.
40.	Maker AV， Butte JM， Oxenberg J， et al. Is port site resection necessary in the surgical management of gallbladder cancer? [J].Ann Surg Oncol， 2012， 19(2)：409-417.
41.	Wakai T， Shirai Y， Yokoyama N， et al. Early gallbladder carcinoma does not warrant radical resection [J]. Br J Surg， 2001，88(5)： 675-678.
42.	Shirai Y， Yoshida K， Tsukada K， et al. Radical surgery for gallbladder carcinoma. Long-term results [J]. Ann Surg， 1992，216(5)：565-568.
43.	Donohue JH， Steward AK， Menck HR. The national cancer data base report on carcinoma of the gallbladder， 1989–1995 [J].Cancer， 1998， 83(12)： 2618-2628.
44.	Muratore A， Amisano M， Vigano L， et al. Gallbladder cancer invading the perimuscular connective tissue：results of re-resection after prior non-curative operation [J]. J Surg Oncol， 2003，83(4)：212-215.
45.	Toyonaga T， Chijiiwa K， Nakano K， et al. Completion radical surgery after cholecystectomy for accidentally undiagnosed gallbladder carcinoma [J]. World J Surg， 2003， 27(3)：266-271.
46.	Bartlett DL， Fong Y， Fortner JG， et al. Long-term results after resection for gallbladder cancer. Implications for staging and management [J]. Ann Surg， 1996， 224(5)：639-646.
47.	Endo I， Shimada H， Takimoto A， et al. Microscopic liver metastasis：prognostic factor for patients with pT2 gallbladder carcinoma[J]. World J Surg， 2004， 28(7)：692-696.
48.	Brasesco OE， Rosin D， Rosenthal RJ. Laparoscopic surgery of the liver and biliary tract [J]. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A，2002， 12(2)： 91-100.
49.	Misra S， Chaturvedi A， Misra C， et al. Carcinoma of the gallbladder [J]. Lancet Oncol， 2003， 4(3)：167-176.
50.	Sun CD， Zhang BY， Wu LQ， et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for treatment of unexpected early-stage gallbladder cancer[J]. J Surg Oncol， 2005， 91(4)： 252-257.
51.	Ouchi K， Mikuni J， Kakugawa Y， et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder carcinoma：results of a Japanese survey of 498 patients [J]. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg， 2002， 9(2)：256-260.
52.	Puhalla H， Wild T， Bareck E， et al. Long-term follow-up of surgically treated gallbladder cancer patients [J]. Eur J Surg Oncol，2002， 28(8)：857-863.
53.	Goetze T， Paolucci V. Does laparoscopy worsen the prognosis for incidental gallbladder cancer? [J]. Surg Endosc， 2006，20(2)：286-293.
54.	Chan KM， Yeh TS， Jan YY， et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for early gallbladder carcinoma：long-term outcome in comparison with conventional open cholecystectomy [J]. Surg Endosc，2006， 20(12)：1867-1871.
55.	Zhang WJ， Xu GF， Zou XP， et al. Incidental gallbladder carcinoma diagnosed during or after laparoscopic cholecystectomy [J]. World J Surg， 2009， 33(12)：2651-2656.
56.	Gumbs AA， Hoffman JP. Laparoscopic completion radical cholecystectomy for T2 gallbladder cancer [J]. Surg Endosc， 2010，24(12)：3221-3223.

1. Jemal A， Siegel R， Xu J， et al. Cancer statistics， 2010 [J]. CA Cancer J Clin， 2010， 60(5)： 277-300.
2. Cubertafond P， Gainant A， Cucchiaro G. Surgical treatment of 724 carcinomas of the gallbladder. Results of the French surgical association survey [J]. Ann Surg， 1994， 219(3)：275-280.
3. Piehler JM， Crichlow RW. Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder [J]. Surg Gynecol Obstet， 1978， 147(6)：929-942.
4. Varshney S， Butturini G， Gupta R. Incidental carcinoma of the gallbladder [J]. Eur J Surg Oncol， 2002， 28(1)：4-10.
5. Kayahara M， Nagakawa T. Recent trends of gallbladder cancer in Japan：an analysis of 4 770 patients [J]. Cancer， 2007，110(3)：572-580.
6. Konstantinidis IT， Deshpande V， Genevay M， et al. Trends in presentation and survival for gallbladder cancer during a period of more than 4 decades： a single-institution experience [J]. Arch Surg， 2009， 144(5)：441-447.
7. Tantia O， Jain M， Khanna S， et al. Incidental carcinoma gall bladder during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gall stone disease [J]. Surg Endosc， 2009， 3(9)：2041-2046.
8. Kiran RP， Pokala N， Dudrick SJ. Incidence pattern and survival for gallbladder cancer over three decades—an analysis of 10 301 patients [J]. Annals of Surgical Oncology， 2006， 14(2)：827-832.
9. Dixon E， Vollmer CM Jr， Sahajpal A， et al. An aggressive surgical approach leads to improved survival in patients with gallbladder cancer [J]. Ann Surg， 2005， 241(3)：385-394.
10. Butte JM， Waugh E， Meneses M， et al. Incidental gallbladder cancer：Analysis of surgical findings and survivor [J]. J Surg Oncol， 2010， 102(6)：620-625.
11. Choi SB， Han HJ， Kim CY， et al. Incidental gallbladder cancer diagnosed following laparoscopic cholecystectomy [J]. World J Surg， 2009， 33(2)：2657-2663.
12. Shih SP， Schulick RD， Cameron JL， et al. Gallbladder cancer：the role of laparoscopy and radical resection [J]. Ann Surg，2007， 245(6)：893-901.
13. Pitt HA. Gallbladder cancer： what is an aggressive approach? [J]. Ann Surg， 2005， 241(3)：395-396.
14. Scheingraber S， Justinger C， Stremovskaia T， et al. The standardized surgical approach improves outcome of gallbladder cancer [J]. World J Surg Oncol， 2007， 21(5)：55.
15. Hanyu F， Nakamura K， Yoshikawa T. Radical operation for carcinoma of the biliary tract (hepatoligamentopancreatoduodenectomy) [J]. Surg Ther， 1988， 59：12-21.
16. Miyazaki M， Ito H， Nakagawa K， et al. Does aggressive surgical resection improve the outcome in advanced gallbladder carcinoma?[J]. Hepatogastroenterology， 1999， 46(28)： 2128-2132.
17. Ogura Y， Mizumoto R， Isaji S， et al. Radical operations for carcinoma of the gallbladder： present status in Japan [J]. World J Surg， 1991， 15(3)：337-343.
18. Goetze TO， Paolucci V. The prognostic impact of positive lymph nodes in stages T1 to T3 incidental gallbladder carcinoma： results of the German Registry [J]. Surg Endosc， 2011， Nov 17. 2044 [Epub ahead of print].
19. Jarnagin WR， Ruo L， Little SA， et al. Patterns of initial disease recurrence after resection of gallbladder carcinoma and hilar cholangiocarcinoma：implications for adjuvant therapeutic strategies [J]. Cancer， 2003， 98(8)：1689-1700.
20. Goetze TO， Paolucci V. Adequate extent in radical re-resection of incidental gallbladder carcinoma：analysis of the German Registry [J]. Surg Endosc， 2010， 24(9)：2156-2164.
21. Pawlik TM， Gleisner AL， Vigano L， et al. Incidence of finding residual disease for incidental gallbladder carcinoma： implications for re-resection [J]. J Gastrointest Surg， 2007， 11(11)：1478-1487.
22. Kinoshita H， Hashino K， Hashimoto M， et al. Clinicopathological evaluation of surgical treatment for early gallbladder cancer [J]. Kurume Med J， 2001， 48(4)：267-271.
23. Fong Y， Jarnagin W， Blumgart LH. Gallbladder cancer：comparison of patients presenting initially for definitive operation with those presenting after prior noncurative intervention [J]. Ann Surg， 2000， 232(2)：557-569.
24. Paolucci V， Neckell M， Gotze T. Unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma：the CAE-S/CAMIC registry [J]. Zentralbl Chir， 2003，128(4)：309-312.
25. De Arextabala XA， Roa IS， Burgos LA， et al. Curative resection in potentially resectable tumors of the gallbladder [J]. Eur J Surg， 1997， 163(6)：419-426.
26. Chijiiwa K， Noshiro H， Nakano K， et al. Role of surgery for gallbladder carcinoma with special reference to lymph node metastasis and stage using Western and Japanese classification systems [J]. World J Surg， 2000， 24(10)：1271-1277.
27. Tsukada K， Kurosaki I， Uchida K， et al. Lymph node spread from carcinoma of the gallbladder [J]. Cancer， 1997， 80(4)：661-667.
28. Frena A， La Guardia G， Martin F. Outcome of radical surgery for carcinoma of the gallbladder according to the tumor node metastasis and Japanese Society of Biliary Surgery stages [J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2004， 8(5)：580-590.
29. Tsukada K， Hatakeyama K， Kurosaki I， et al. Outcome of radical surgery for carcinoma of the gallbladder according the TNM stage [J]. Surgery，1996， 120(5)：816-822.
30. Kondo S， Nimura Y， Hayakawa N， et al. Regional and paraaortic lymphadenectomy in radical surgery for advanced gallbladder cancer [J]. Br J Surg， 2000， 87(4)：418-422.
31. Fuks D， Regimbeau JM， Le Treut YP， et al. Incidental gallbladder cancer by the AFC-GBC-2009 Study Group [J]. World J Surg，2011， 35(8)：1887-1897.
32. Kosuge T， Sano K， Shimada K， et al. Should the bile duct be preserved or removed in radical surgery for gallbladder cancer?[J]. Hepatogastroenterology， 1999， 46(28)：2133-2137.
33. Chijiiwa K， Tanaka M. Indications for and limitations of extended cholecystectomy in the treatment of carcinoma of the gall bladder [J]. Eur J Surg， 1996， 162(3)：211-216.
34. Hu JB， Sun XN， Xu J， et al. Port site and distant metastases of gallbladder cancer after laparoscopic cholecystectomy diagnosed by positron emission tomography [J]. World J Gastroenterol，2008， 14(41)：6428-6431.
35. Zhang WJ， Xu GF， Zou XP， et al. Incidental gallbladder carcinoma diagnosed during or after laparoscopic cholecystectomy [J]. World J Surg， 2009， 33(12)：2651-2656.
36. Weiland ST， Mahvi DM， Niederhuber JE， et al. Should suspected early gallbladder cancer be treated laparoscopically? [J]. J Gastrointest Surg， 2002， 6(1)：56-57.
37. Fong Y， Brennan MF， Turnbull A， et al. Gallbladder cancer discovered during laparoscopic surgery. Potential for iatrogenic tumor dissemination [J]. Arch Surg， 1993， 128(9)：1054-1056.
38. Ricardo AE， Feig BW， Ellis LM， et al. Gallbladder cancer and trocar site recurrences [J]. Am J Surg， 1997， 174(6)：619-622.
39. Kang CM， Choi GH，Park SH， et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy only could be an appropriate treatment for selected clinical R0 gallbladder carcinoma [J]. Surg Endosc， 2007， 21(9)：1582-1587.
40. Maker AV， Butte JM， Oxenberg J， et al. Is port site resection necessary in the surgical management of gallbladder cancer? [J].Ann Surg Oncol， 2012， 19(2)：409-417.
41. Wakai T， Shirai Y， Yokoyama N， et al. Early gallbladder carcinoma does not warrant radical resection [J]. Br J Surg， 2001，88(5)： 675-678.
42. Shirai Y， Yoshida K， Tsukada K， et al. Radical surgery for gallbladder carcinoma. Long-term results [J]. Ann Surg， 1992，216(5)：565-568.
43. Donohue JH， Steward AK， Menck HR. The national cancer data base report on carcinoma of the gallbladder， 1989–1995 [J].Cancer， 1998， 83(12)： 2618-2628.
44. Muratore A， Amisano M， Vigano L， et al. Gallbladder cancer invading the perimuscular connective tissue：results of re-resection after prior non-curative operation [J]. J Surg Oncol， 2003，83(4)：212-215.
45. Toyonaga T， Chijiiwa K， Nakano K， et al. Completion radical surgery after cholecystectomy for accidentally undiagnosed gallbladder carcinoma [J]. World J Surg， 2003， 27(3)：266-271.
46. Bartlett DL， Fong Y， Fortner JG， et al. Long-term results after resection for gallbladder cancer. Implications for staging and management [J]. Ann Surg， 1996， 224(5)：639-646.
47. Endo I， Shimada H， Takimoto A， et al. Microscopic liver metastasis：prognostic factor for patients with pT2 gallbladder carcinoma[J]. World J Surg， 2004， 28(7)：692-696.
48. Brasesco OE， Rosin D， Rosenthal RJ. Laparoscopic surgery of the liver and biliary tract [J]. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A，2002， 12(2)： 91-100.
49. Misra S， Chaturvedi A， Misra C， et al. Carcinoma of the gallbladder [J]. Lancet Oncol， 2003， 4(3)：167-176.
50. Sun CD， Zhang BY， Wu LQ， et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for treatment of unexpected early-stage gallbladder cancer[J]. J Surg Oncol， 2005， 91(4)： 252-257.
51. Ouchi K， Mikuni J， Kakugawa Y， et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder carcinoma：results of a Japanese survey of 498 patients [J]. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg， 2002， 9(2)：256-260.
52. Puhalla H， Wild T， Bareck E， et al. Long-term follow-up of surgically treated gallbladder cancer patients [J]. Eur J Surg Oncol，2002， 28(8)：857-863.
53. Goetze T， Paolucci V. Does laparoscopy worsen the prognosis for incidental gallbladder cancer? [J]. Surg Endosc， 2006，20(2)：286-293.
54. Chan KM， Yeh TS， Jan YY， et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for early gallbladder carcinoma：long-term outcome in comparison with conventional open cholecystectomy [J]. Surg Endosc，2006， 20(12)：1867-1871.
55. Zhang WJ， Xu GF， Zou XP， et al. Incidental gallbladder carcinoma diagnosed during or after laparoscopic cholecystectomy [J]. World J Surg， 2009， 33(12)：2651-2656.
56. Gumbs AA， Hoffman JP. Laparoscopic completion radical cholecystectomy for T2 gallbladder cancer [J]. Surg Endosc， 2010，24(12)：3221-3223.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

The Treatment Strategies of Incidental Gallbladder Carcinoma after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

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