MR Imaging Evaluation of Hepatic Fibrosis: State-of-The-Art Review_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

LIU Xijiao , SONG Bin.

Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Hepatic fibrosis; Magnetic resonance imaging; functional magnetic resonance imaging technique

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Objective To review the current status of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis.
Methods The application and recent advances of various kinds of MRI techniques in evaluating hepatic fibrosis were summarized by literature review.
Results The state-of-the-art of MRI evaluating of hepatic fibrosis included common contrast-enhanced MRI, double contrast-enhanced MRI, and various functional MRI techniques. Common contrast-enhanced MRI could detect morphological changes of the liver, but little value in phasing. Double contrast-enhanced MRI markedly increased the contrast to noise ratio. Except diagnosis liver fibrosis, functional MRI also could phase it by its serverity.
Conclusion MRI techniques, especially those functional MRI techniques, are advancing very fast and have very great potentiality in both the diagnosis and severity assessment of hepatic fibrosis.

Citation： LIU Xijiao,SONG Bin.. MR Imaging Evaluation of Hepatic Fibrosis: State-of-The-Art Review. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2010, 17(3): 298-301. doi: Copy

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5.	Sebastiani G, Alberti A. Non invasive fibrosis biomarkers reduce but not substitute the need for liver biopsy [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2006; 12(23): 36823694.
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7.	Ito K, Mitchell DG, Siegelman ES. Cirrhosis: MR imaging features [J]. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am, 2002; 10(1): 7592.
8.	Balci NC, Semelka RC. Contrast agents for MR imaging of the liver [J]. Radiol Clin North Am, 2005; 43(5): 887898.
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10.	Aguirre DA, Behling CA, Alpert E, et al. Liver fibrosis: noninvasive diagnosis with double contrast materialenhanced MR imaging [J]. Radiology, 2006; 239(2): 425437.
11.	HughesCassidy F, Chavez AD, Schlang A, et al. Superparamagnetic iron oxides and low molecular weight gadolinium chelates are synergistic for direct visualization of advanced liver fibrosis [J]. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2007; 26(3): 728737.
12.	汤翔宁, 朱文珍, 王承缘. 磁共振弹性成像原理及其应用研究 [J]. 临床放射学杂志， 2009; 28（2）： 282285.
13.	阳宁静, 赵黎明, 宋彬. 肝纤维化的影像学评价及进展 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2008; 15（3）： 218222.
14.	Rouvière O, Yin M, Dresner MA, et al. MR elastography of the liver: preliminary results [J]. Radiology, 2006; 240(2): 440448.
15.	Yin M, Talwalkar JA, Glaser KJ, et al. Assessment of hepatic fibrosis with magnetic resonance elastography [J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2007; 5(10): 12071213.
16.	Huwart L, Peeters F, Sinkus R, et al. Liver fibrosis: noninvasive assessment with MR elastography [J]. NMR Biomed, 2006; 19(2): 173179.
17.	Faria SC, Ganesan K, Mwangi I, et al. MR imaging of liver fibrosis: current state of the art [J]. Radiographics, 2009; 29(6): 16151635.
18.	Huwart L, Sempoux C, Vicaut E, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography for the noninvasive staging of liver fibrosis [J]. Gastroenterology, 2008; 135(1): 3240.
19.	谭延斌, 张敏鸣. 肝纤维化的MRI研究进展 [J]. 国际医学放射学杂志, 2009; 32(2): 139142.
20.	王秋实, 邹艳，刘辉，等. 肝纤维化MR弥散加权成像与病理的对照研究 [J]. 南方医科大学学报, 2009; 29（10）： 19651968.
21.	Koinuma M, Ohashi I, Hanafusa K, et al. Apparent diffusion coefficient measurements with diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of hepatic fibrosis [J]. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2005; 22(1): 8085.
22.	Taouli B, Tolia AJ, Losada M, et al. Diffusionweighted MRI for quantification of liver fibrosis: preliminary experience [J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2007; 189(4): 799806.
23.	Lewin M, PoujolRobert A, Bolle PY, et al. Diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C [J]. Hepatology, 2007; 46(3): 658665.
24.	Boulanger Y, Amara M, Lepanto L, et al. Diffusionweighted MR imaging of the liver of hepatitis C patients [J]. NMR Biomed, 2003; 16(3): 132136.
25.	Hollingsworth KG, Lomas DJ. Influence of perfusion on hepatic MR diffusion measurement [J]. NMR Biomed, 2006; 19(2): 231235.
26.	Girometti R, Furlan A, Esposito G, et al. Relevance of bvalues in evaluating liver fibrosis: a study in healthy and cirrhotic subjects using two singleshot spinecho echoplanar diffusionweighted sequences [J]. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2008; 28(2): 411419.
27.	Hagiwara M, Rusinek H, Lee VS, et al. Advanced liver fibrosis: diagnosis with 3D wholeliver perfusion MR imaging-initial experience [J]. Radiology, 2008; 246(3): 926934.
28.	Kubo H, Harada M, Ishikawa M, et al. Hemodynamic changes with liver fibrosis measured by dynamic contrastenhanced MRI in the rat [J]. Magn Reson Med Sci, 2006; 5(2): 6571.
29.	Miyazaki S, Yamazaki Y, Murase K. Error analysis of the quantification of hepatic perfusion using a dualinput singlecompartment model [J]. Phys Med Biol, 2008; 53(21): 59275946.
30.	Orlacchio A, Bolacchi F, Angelico M, et al. In vivo, highfield, 3Tesla 1H MR spectroscopic assessment of liver fibrosis in HCVcorrelated chronic liver disease [J]. Radiol Med, 2008; 113(2): 289299.
31.	吴苾，宋彬，周翔平，等. 慢性病毒性肝炎患者磁共振31P波谱与病理表现的关系 [J]. 中华肝脏病杂志, 2007; 15(5): 338341.
32.	Noren B, Dahlqvist O, Lundberg P, et al. Separation of advanced from mild fibrosis in diffuse liver disease using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy [J]. Eur J Radiol, 2008; 66(2): 313320.
33.	Noren B, Dahlqvist O, Lundberg P, et al. Separation of advanced from mild fibrosis in diffuse liver disease using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy [J]. Eur J Radiol, 2008; 66(2): 313320.

1. Iredale JP. Models of liver fibrosis: exploring the dynamic nature of inflammation and repair in a solid organ [J]. J Clin Invest, 2007; 117(3): 539548.
2. 王瑾, 马韵. 肝脏纤维化形式和逆转的研究进展 [J]. 医学研究杂志, 2009; 38(3): 8889.
3. Wallace K, Burt AD, Wright MC. Liver fibrosis [J]. Biochem J, 2008; 411(1): 118.
4. Afdhal NH, Nunes D. Evaluation of liver fibrosis: a concise review [J]. Am J Gastroenterol， 2004; 99(6): 11601174.
5. Sebastiani G, Alberti A. Non invasive fibrosis biomarkers reduce but not substitute the need for liver biopsy [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2006; 12(23): 36823694.
6. Martin DR. Magnetic resonance imaging of diffuse liver diseases [J]. Top Magn Reson Imaging, 2002; 13(3): 151163.
7. Ito K, Mitchell DG, Siegelman ES. Cirrhosis: MR imaging features [J]. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am, 2002; 10(1): 7592.
8. Balci NC, Semelka RC. Contrast agents for MR imaging of the liver [J]. Radiol Clin North Am, 2005; 43(5): 887898.
9. Helmberger T, Semelka RC. New contrast agents for imaging the liver [J]. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am, 2001; 9(4): 745766.
10. Aguirre DA, Behling CA, Alpert E, et al. Liver fibrosis: noninvasive diagnosis with double contrast materialenhanced MR imaging [J]. Radiology, 2006; 239(2): 425437.
11. HughesCassidy F, Chavez AD, Schlang A, et al. Superparamagnetic iron oxides and low molecular weight gadolinium chelates are synergistic for direct visualization of advanced liver fibrosis [J]. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2007; 26(3): 728737.
12. 汤翔宁, 朱文珍, 王承缘. 磁共振弹性成像原理及其应用研究 [J]. 临床放射学杂志， 2009; 28（2）： 282285.
13. 阳宁静, 赵黎明, 宋彬. 肝纤维化的影像学评价及进展 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2008; 15（3）： 218222.
14. Rouvière O, Yin M, Dresner MA, et al. MR elastography of the liver: preliminary results [J]. Radiology, 2006; 240(2): 440448.
15. Yin M, Talwalkar JA, Glaser KJ, et al. Assessment of hepatic fibrosis with magnetic resonance elastography [J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2007; 5(10): 12071213.
16. Huwart L, Peeters F, Sinkus R, et al. Liver fibrosis: noninvasive assessment with MR elastography [J]. NMR Biomed, 2006; 19(2): 173179.
17. Faria SC, Ganesan K, Mwangi I, et al. MR imaging of liver fibrosis: current state of the art [J]. Radiographics, 2009; 29(6): 16151635.
18. Huwart L, Sempoux C, Vicaut E, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography for the noninvasive staging of liver fibrosis [J]. Gastroenterology, 2008; 135(1): 3240.
19. 谭延斌, 张敏鸣. 肝纤维化的MRI研究进展 [J]. 国际医学放射学杂志, 2009; 32(2): 139142.
20. 王秋实, 邹艳，刘辉，等. 肝纤维化MR弥散加权成像与病理的对照研究 [J]. 南方医科大学学报, 2009; 29（10）： 19651968.
21. Koinuma M, Ohashi I, Hanafusa K, et al. Apparent diffusion coefficient measurements with diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of hepatic fibrosis [J]. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2005; 22(1): 8085.
22. Taouli B, Tolia AJ, Losada M, et al. Diffusionweighted MRI for quantification of liver fibrosis: preliminary experience [J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2007; 189(4): 799806.
23. Lewin M, PoujolRobert A, Bolle PY, et al. Diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C [J]. Hepatology, 2007; 46(3): 658665.
24. Boulanger Y, Amara M, Lepanto L, et al. Diffusionweighted MR imaging of the liver of hepatitis C patients [J]. NMR Biomed, 2003; 16(3): 132136.
25. Hollingsworth KG, Lomas DJ. Influence of perfusion on hepatic MR diffusion measurement [J]. NMR Biomed, 2006; 19(2): 231235.
26. Girometti R, Furlan A, Esposito G, et al. Relevance of bvalues in evaluating liver fibrosis: a study in healthy and cirrhotic subjects using two singleshot spinecho echoplanar diffusionweighted sequences [J]. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2008; 28(2): 411419.
27. Hagiwara M, Rusinek H, Lee VS, et al. Advanced liver fibrosis: diagnosis with 3D wholeliver perfusion MR imaging-initial experience [J]. Radiology, 2008; 246(3): 926934.
28. Kubo H, Harada M, Ishikawa M, et al. Hemodynamic changes with liver fibrosis measured by dynamic contrastenhanced MRI in the rat [J]. Magn Reson Med Sci, 2006; 5(2): 6571.
29. Miyazaki S, Yamazaki Y, Murase K. Error analysis of the quantification of hepatic perfusion using a dualinput singlecompartment model [J]. Phys Med Biol, 2008; 53(21): 59275946.
30. Orlacchio A, Bolacchi F, Angelico M, et al. In vivo, highfield, 3Tesla 1H MR spectroscopic assessment of liver fibrosis in HCVcorrelated chronic liver disease [J]. Radiol Med, 2008; 113(2): 289299.
31. 吴苾，宋彬，周翔平，等. 慢性病毒性肝炎患者磁共振31P波谱与病理表现的关系 [J]. 中华肝脏病杂志, 2007; 15(5): 338341.
32. Noren B, Dahlqvist O, Lundberg P, et al. Separation of advanced from mild fibrosis in diffuse liver disease using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy [J]. Eur J Radiol, 2008; 66(2): 313320.
33. Noren B, Dahlqvist O, Lundberg P, et al. Separation of advanced from mild fibrosis in diffuse liver disease using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy [J]. Eur J Radiol, 2008; 66(2): 313320.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

MR Imaging Evaluation of Hepatic Fibrosis: State-of-The-Art Review

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