Progress of Early Diagnosis in Primary Carcinoma of Gallbladder_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

LI Shoushuai , SUN Xuejun

Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China Corresponding Author: SUN Xue-jun, E-mail: sunxy@mail.xjtu.edu.cn;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Primary carcinoma of gallbladder; Early diagnosis; Progress

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　Objective 　To introduce the methods and the advancements of early diagnosis in primary carcinoma of gallbladder (PCG), and improve the early diagnostic rate of PCG.
　Methods 　Recent relevant literatures were reviewed.
　Results 　It was difficult in early diagnosis of PCG and with a poor prognosis. Comprehending case history and careful examination and being assisted by multiple imaging methods and molecular biology technology could markedly improve the early diagnostic rate.
　Conclusion 　Comprehending the progress will contribute a lot of improving the early diagnostic rate and selecting reasonable clinical methods to be used in early diagnosis of PCG.

Citation： LI Shoushuai,SUN Xuejun. Progress of Early Diagnosis in Primary Carcinoma of Gallbladder. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2010, 17(4): 329-332. doi: Copy

1.	Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics, 2009 [J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2009; 59(4): 225-249.
2.	Shukla PJ, Neve R, Barreto SG, et al. A new scoring system for gallbladder cancer (aiding treatment algorithm): an analysis of 335 patients [J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2008; 15(11): 3132-3137.
3.	Dixon E, Vollmer CM Jr, Sahajpal A, et al. An aggressive surgical approach leads to improved survival in patients with gallbladder cancer: a 12-year study at a North American Center [J]. Ann Surg, 2005; 241(3): 385-394.
4.	Fong Y, Malhotra S. Gallbladder cancer: recent advances and current guidelines for surgical therapy [J]. Adv Surg, 2001; 35: 1-20.
5.	Fong Y, Jarnagin W, Blumgart LH. Gallbladder cancer: comparison of patients presenting initially for definitive operation with those presenting after prior noncurative intervention [J]. Ann Surg, 2000; 232(4): 557-569.
6.	石景森. 原发性胆囊癌的诊治进展 [J] . 中国医师进修杂志, 2006; 29(4): 8-11.
7.	石景森, 孙学军. 原发性胆囊癌诊治的历史、现状及展望 [J]. 西安交通大学学报（医学版）, 2007; 28(5): 473-478.
8.	吴高松, 邹声泉. 胆囊结石患者胆汁对人胆囊癌细胞增殖的影响 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2004; 11(2): 159-161.
9.	石景森，刘刚. 胆囊癌与胆囊结石的相关研究 [J]. 实用肿瘤杂志， 2005; 20(1): 10-11.
10.	Fernandes JE, Franco MI, Suzuki RK, et al. Intestinal metaplasia in gallbladders: prevalence study [J]. Sao Paulo Med J, 2008; 126(4): 220-222.
11.	Pandey M, Sood BP, Shukla RC, et al. Carcinoma of the gallbladder: role of sonography in diagnosis and staging [J]. J Clin Ultrasound, 2000; 28(5): 227-232.
12.	张学兰, 李桂花, 许汉生, 等. 原发性胆囊癌的胆囊动脉血流动力学研究 [J]. 中国超声医学杂志, 2003; 19(3): 196-199.
13.	韩晓玲, 陈汉荣, 郑树卿, 等. 彩色多普勒超声对胆囊隆起性病变的诊断价值 [J]. 临床超声医学杂志, 2006; 8(8): 475-477.
14.	赵胜利, 张宏春, 曹子洋. 三维超声在胆囊内隆起样病变中的诊断价值 [J]. 河南肿瘤学杂志, 2005; 1(1): 18-20.
15.	金震东. 超声内镜检查术 [A]. 李兆申, 许国铭. 胆道疾病内镜诊断与治疗学 [M]. 上海: 第二军医大学出版社, 2006: 81-90.〖HJ2〗[16]　Niu YL, Xu GM, Zou XP, et al. The value of endoscopic ultrasonography in diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma [J]. Chin J Dig Endosc, 2001; 18(2): 77-78.
16.	Mishra G, Conway JD. Endoscopic ultrasound in the evaluation of radiologic abnormalities of the liver and biliary tree [J]. Curr Gastroenterol Rep, 2009; 11(2): 150-154.
17.	Inoue T, Kitano M, Kudo M, et al. Diagnosis of gallbladder diseases by contrast-enhanced phase-inversion harmonic ultrasonography [J]. Ultrasound Med Biol, 2007; 33(3): 353-361.
18.	Xie XH, Xu HX, Xie XY, et al. Differential diagnosis between benign and malignant gallbladder diseases with real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound [J]. Eur Radiol, 2010; 20(1): 239-248.
19.	Lee TY, Ko SF, Huang CC, et al. Intraluminal versus infiltrating gallbladder carcinoma: Clinical presentation, ultrasound and computed tomography [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2009; 15(45): 5662-5668.
20.	禄韶英, 石景森, 王燕, 等. 双期螺旋CT判定胆囊癌可切除性的意义 [J]. 中华肝胆外科杂志, 2006; 12(4): 278-288.
21.	吴苾，宋彬. 胆囊的MRI评价 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2008; 15(6): 458-462.
22.	Ichikawa T, Erturk SM, Motosugi U, et al. High-b-value diffusion-weighted MRI in colorectal cancer [J]. Am J Roentgenol, 2006; 187(1): 181-184.
23.	Sugita R, Yamazaki T, Furuta A, et al. High b-value diffusion-weighted MRI for detecting gallbladder carcinoma: preliminary study and results [J]. Eur Radiol, 2009; 19(7): 1794-1798.
24.	刘华敢, 黎燕飞, 陈光新. 螺旋CT和PTC对梗阻性黄疸的诊断意义 [J]. 广东医学院学报, 2009; 27(6): 657-659.
25.	吴本俨, 柴宁莉. ERCP技术在胆管癌消化内镜诊治中的应用价值 [J]. 中国肿瘤影像学, 2009; 2(5): 29-35.
26.	Aljiffry M, Walsh MJ, Molinari M. Advances in diagnosis, treatment and palliation of cholangiocarcinoma: 1990-2009 [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2009; 15(34): 4240-4262.
27.	Kimura K, Fujita N, Noda Y, et al. Diagnosis of pT2 gallbladder cancer by serial examinations with endoscopic ultrasound and angiography [J]. J Gastroenterol, 2002; 37(3): 200-203.
28.	Tsukada K, Takada T, Miyazaki M, et al. Diagnosis of biliary tract and ampullary carcinomas [J]. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 2008; 15(1): 31-40.
29.	吴一武, 梁建深, 扬志伟, 等. 电子胆道镜在胆道疾病诊治中的应用 [J]. 中国内镜杂志, 2007; 13(7): 777-778.
30.	Henning G. Advances in endoscopy: Current developments in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy [J]. Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2009; 5(10): 695-697.
31.	孙学军, 孙丰雷, 杜俊凯, 等. 傅里叶变换红外光谱用于胆囊癌细胞及其细胞核结构的基础研究 [J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2009; 29(7): 1750-1753.
32.	刘珣, 王海连. CEA、CA19-9、CA50、CA125监测在胆囊癌早期诊断和预后判断中的应用 [J]. 中国误诊学杂志, 2009; 9(3): 577-578.
33.	秦兴雷, 王作仁, 强永乾, 等. 影像学及CA19-9、CEA测定在肝外胆管癌诊断中的价值 [J]. 中国实用外科杂志, 2005; 25(2): 94-96.
34.	Yang YQ, Wu L, Chen JX, et al. Relationship between nm23H1 genetic instability and clinical pathological characteristics in Chinese digestive system cancer patients [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2008; 14(36): 5549-5556.
35.	Li SH, Li CF, Sung MT, et al. Skp2 is an independent prognosticator of gallbladder carcinoma among p27(Kip1)-interacting cell cycle regulators: an immunohistochemical study of 62 cases by tissue microarray [J]. Mod Pathol, 2007; 20(4): 497-507.
36.	张宗利, 柴杰, 马德民, 等. Survivin和p27-(kipl)在胆囊癌组织中的表达及相关性研究 [J] .中国现代普通外科进展, 2007; 10(5): 401-404.
37.	Kohya N, Koga Y, Kitajima Y, et al. Aberrant promoter hypermethylation in biliary tract carcinoma [J]. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 2006; 13(4): 296-305.
38.	Jhala NC, Jhala D, Eltoum I, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy: a powerful tool to obtain samples from small lesions [J]. 〖JP3〗Cancer, 2004; 102(4): 239-246.
39.	Meara RS, Jhala D, Eloubeidi MA, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided FNA biopsy of bile duct and gallbladder: analysis of 53 cases [J]. Cytopathology, 2006; 17(1): 42-49.
40.	Duarte I, Llanos O, Domke H, et al. Metaplasia and precursor lesions of gallbladder carcinoma. Frequency, distribution, and probability of detection in routine histologic samples [J]. Cancer, 1993; 72(6): 1878-1884.

1. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics, 2009 [J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2009; 59(4): 225-249.
2. 　Shukla PJ, Neve R, Barreto SG, et al. A new scoring system for gallbladder cancer (aiding treatment algorithm): an analysis of 335 patients [J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2008; 15(11): 3132-3137.
3. 　Dixon E, Vollmer CM Jr, Sahajpal A, et al. An aggressive surgical approach leads to improved survival in patients with gallbladder cancer: a 12-year study at a North American Center [J]. Ann Surg, 2005; 241(3): 385-394.
4. 　Fong Y, Malhotra S. Gallbladder cancer: recent advances and current guidelines for surgical therapy [J]. Adv Surg, 2001; 35: 1-20.
5. 　Fong Y, Jarnagin W, Blumgart LH. Gallbladder cancer: comparison of patients presenting initially for definitive operation with those presenting after prior noncurative intervention [J]. Ann Surg, 2000; 232(4): 557-569.
6. 　石景森. 原发性胆囊癌的诊治进展 [J] . 中国医师进修杂志, 2006; 29(4): 8-11.
7. 　石景森, 孙学军. 原发性胆囊癌诊治的历史、现状及展望 [J]. 西安交通大学学报（医学版）, 2007; 28(5): 473-478.
8. 　吴高松, 邹声泉. 胆囊结石患者胆汁对人胆囊癌细胞增殖的影响 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2004; 11(2): 159-161.
9. 　石景森，刘刚. 胆囊癌与胆囊结石的相关研究 [J]. 实用肿瘤杂志， 2005; 20(1): 10-11.
10. 　Fernandes JE, Franco MI, Suzuki RK, et al. Intestinal metaplasia in gallbladders: prevalence study [J]. Sao Paulo Med J, 2008; 126(4): 220-222.
11. 　Pandey M, Sood BP, Shukla RC, et al. Carcinoma of the gallbladder: role of sonography in diagnosis and staging [J]. J Clin Ultrasound, 2000; 28(5): 227-232.
12. 　张学兰, 李桂花, 许汉生, 等. 原发性胆囊癌的胆囊动脉血流动力学研究 [J]. 中国超声医学杂志, 2003; 19(3): 196-199.
13. 　韩晓玲, 陈汉荣, 郑树卿, 等. 彩色多普勒超声对胆囊隆起性病变的诊断价值 [J]. 临床超声医学杂志, 2006; 8(8): 475-477.
14. 　赵胜利, 张宏春, 曹子洋. 三维超声在胆囊内隆起样病变中的诊断价值 [J]. 河南肿瘤学杂志, 2005; 1(1): 18-20.
15. 　金震东. 超声内镜检查术 [A]. 李兆申, 许国铭. 胆道疾病内镜诊断与治疗学 [M]. 上海: 第二军医大学出版社, 2006: 81-90.〖HJ2〗[16]　Niu YL, Xu GM, Zou XP, et al. The value of endoscopic ultrasonography in diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma [J]. Chin J Dig Endosc, 2001; 18(2): 77-78.
16. 　Mishra G, Conway JD. Endoscopic ultrasound in the evaluation of radiologic abnormalities of the liver and biliary tree [J]. Curr Gastroenterol Rep, 2009; 11(2): 150-154.
17. 　Inoue T, Kitano M, Kudo M, et al. Diagnosis of gallbladder diseases by contrast-enhanced phase-inversion harmonic ultrasonography [J]. Ultrasound Med Biol, 2007; 33(3): 353-361.
18. 　Xie XH, Xu HX, Xie XY, et al. Differential diagnosis between benign and malignant gallbladder diseases with real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound [J]. Eur Radiol, 2010; 20(1): 239-248.
19. 　Lee TY, Ko SF, Huang CC, et al. Intraluminal versus infiltrating gallbladder carcinoma: Clinical presentation, ultrasound and computed tomography [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2009; 15(45): 5662-5668.
20. 　禄韶英, 石景森, 王燕, 等. 双期螺旋CT判定胆囊癌可切除性的意义 [J]. 中华肝胆外科杂志, 2006; 12(4): 278-288.
21. 　吴苾，宋彬. 胆囊的MRI评价 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2008; 15(6): 458-462.
22. 　Ichikawa T, Erturk SM, Motosugi U, et al. High-b-value diffusion-weighted MRI in colorectal cancer [J]. Am J Roentgenol, 2006; 187(1): 181-184.
23. 　Sugita R, Yamazaki T, Furuta A, et al. High b-value diffusion-weighted MRI for detecting gallbladder carcinoma: preliminary study and results [J]. Eur Radiol, 2009; 19(7): 1794-1798.
24. 　刘华敢, 黎燕飞, 陈光新. 螺旋CT和PTC对梗阻性黄疸的诊断意义 [J]. 广东医学院学报, 2009; 27(6): 657-659.
25. 　吴本俨, 柴宁莉. ERCP技术在胆管癌消化内镜诊治中的应用价值 [J]. 中国肿瘤影像学, 2009; 2(5): 29-35.
26. 　Aljiffry M, Walsh MJ, Molinari M. Advances in diagnosis, treatment and palliation of cholangiocarcinoma: 1990-2009 [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2009; 15(34): 4240-4262.
27. 　Kimura K, Fujita N, Noda Y, et al. Diagnosis of pT2 gallbladder cancer by serial examinations with endoscopic ultrasound and angiography [J]. J Gastroenterol, 2002; 37(3): 200-203.
28. 　Tsukada K, Takada T, Miyazaki M, et al. Diagnosis of biliary tract and ampullary carcinomas [J]. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 2008; 15(1): 31-40.
29. 　吴一武, 梁建深, 扬志伟, 等. 电子胆道镜在胆道疾病诊治中的应用 [J]. 中国内镜杂志, 2007; 13(7): 777-778.
30. 　Henning G. Advances in endoscopy: Current developments in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy [J]. Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2009; 5(10): 695-697.
31. 　孙学军, 孙丰雷, 杜俊凯, 等. 傅里叶变换红外光谱用于胆囊癌细胞及其细胞核结构的基础研究 [J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2009; 29(7): 1750-1753.
32. 　刘珣, 王海连. CEA、CA19-9、CA50、CA125监测在胆囊癌早期诊断和预后判断中的应用 [J]. 中国误诊学杂志, 2009; 9(3): 577-578.
33. 　秦兴雷, 王作仁, 强永乾, 等. 影像学及CA19-9、CEA测定在肝外胆管癌诊断中的价值 [J]. 中国实用外科杂志, 2005; 25(2): 94-96.
34. 　Yang YQ, Wu L, Chen JX, et al. Relationship between nm23H1 genetic instability and clinical pathological characteristics in Chinese digestive system cancer patients [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2008; 14(36): 5549-5556.
35. 　Li SH, Li CF, Sung MT, et al. Skp2 is an independent prognosticator of gallbladder carcinoma among p27(Kip1)-interacting cell cycle regulators: an immunohistochemical study of 62 cases by tissue microarray [J]. Mod Pathol, 2007; 20(4): 497-507.
36. 　张宗利, 柴杰, 马德民, 等. Survivin和p27-(kipl)在胆囊癌组织中的表达及相关性研究 [J] .中国现代普通外科进展, 2007; 10(5): 401-404.
37. 　Kohya N, Koga Y, Kitajima Y, et al. Aberrant promoter hypermethylation in biliary tract carcinoma [J]. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 2006; 13(4): 296-305.
38. 　Jhala NC, Jhala D, Eltoum I, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy: a powerful tool to obtain samples from small lesions [J]. 〖JP3〗Cancer, 2004; 102(4): 239-246.
39. 　Meara RS, Jhala D, Eloubeidi MA, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided FNA biopsy of bile duct and gallbladder: analysis of 53 cases [J]. Cytopathology, 2006; 17(1): 42-49.
40. 　Duarte I, Llanos O, Domke H, et al. Metaplasia and precursor lesions of gallbladder carcinoma. Frequency, distribution, and probability of detection in routine histologic samples [J]. Cancer, 1993; 72(6): 1878-1884.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Progress of Early Diagnosis in Primary Carcinoma of Gallbladder

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

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