Relationships Between Chemokines or Chemokine Receptors and Gastric Cancer_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

LU Ruiqi , YU Jiwei , JIANG Bojian

Department of General Surgery, No.3 People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Chemokines; Chemokine receptors; Stomach; Neoplasma/Cancer

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Objective To summarize the relationships between chemokines or chemokine receptors, especially CCL19/CCL21-CCR7 and CXCL12-CXCR4 axis and occurrence and development of gastric cancer. Methods Domestic and international publications online involving the relationships between chemokines, chemokine recepotors and gastric cancer in recent years were collected and reviewed. Results By regulating the microenvironment of the growth of gastric cancer, CCL19/CCL21-CCR7 played an important role in lymph node metastasis and CXCL12-CXCR4 axis played a key role in the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis. CCR7 might function as a specific prognostic marker for lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer. Blocking the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis might be useful for the future development of a more effective therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer involved in peritoneal dissemination. Conclusions Chemokines and chemokine receptors promote the evolution of gastric cancer in variable ways, so the mechanisms of which should be comprehended to provide a theoretical basis for the future treatment. As new therapeutic targets, chemokines and chemokine receptors have a prosperity for the clinic evaluation and treatment of gastric cancer.

Citation： LU Ruiqi,YU Jiwei,JIANG Bojian. Relationships Between Chemokines or Chemokine Receptors and Gastric Cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2010, 17(6): 627-632. doi: Copy

1.	Wu X, Lee VC, Chevalier E. Chemokine receptors as targets for cancer therapy [J]. Curr Pharm Des， 2009； 15(7): 742-757.
2.	Zlotnik A, Yoshie O, Nomiyama H. The chemokine and chemokine receptor superfamilies and their molecular evolution [J]. Genome Biol, 2006; 7(12): 243.
3.	Kehrl JH, Hwang IY, Park C. Chemoattract receptor signaling and its role in lymphocyte motility and trafficking [J]. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 2009; 334: 107-127.
4.	Mashino K, Sadanaga N, Yamaguchi H, et al. Expression of chemokine receptor CCR7 is associated with lymph node metastasis of gastric carcinoma [J]. Cancer Res, 2002; 62(10): 2937-2941.
5.	Yan C, Zhu ZG, Yu YY, et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C and chemokine receptor CCR7 in gastric carcinoma and their values in predicting lymph node metastasis [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2004; 10(6): 783-790.
6.	Arigami T, Natsugoe S, Uenosono Y, et al. CCR7 and CXCR4 expression predicts lymph node status including micrometastasis in gastric cancer [J]. Int J Oncol, 2009; 35(1): 19-24.
7.	Kruizinga RC, Bestebroer J, Berghuis P, et al. Role of chemokines and their receptors in cancer [J]. Curr Pharm Des, 2009; 15(29): 3396-3416.
8.	Schmausser B, Endrich S, Brndlein S, et al. The chemokine receptor CCR7 is expressed on epithelium of non-inflamed gastric mucosa, Helicobacter pylori gastritis, gastric carcinoma and its precursor lesions and up-regulated by H. pylori [J]. Clin Exp Immunol, 2005; 139(2): 323-327.
9.	Müller A, Homey B, Soto H, et al. Involvement of chemokine receptors in breast cancer metastasis [J]. Nature, 2001; 410(6824): 50-56.
10.	Pituch-Noworolska A, Drabik G, Szatanek R, et al. Immunophenotype of isolated tumour cells in the blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes of patients with gastric cancer [J]. Pol J Pathol, 2007; 58(2): 93-97.
11.	Baek SK, Jung KY, Lee SH, et al. Prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression and lymphatic vessel density in supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma [J]. Laryngoscope, 2009; 119(7): 1325-1330.
12.	Ko YH, Jung CK, Lee MA, et al. Clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF)-C and -D in resected non-small cell lung cancer [J]. Cancer Res Treat, 2008; 40(3): 133-140.
13.	吴立刚, 刘奇伦, 胡志强. MMP-2和VEGF-C在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及临床意义 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2009; 16(11): 906-910.
14.	Di JM, Zhou J, Zhou XL, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is associated with vascular endothelial growth factor-C and lymph node metastases in human prostate cancer [J]. Arch Med Res, 2009; 40(4): 268-275.
15.	Zhong D, Li Y, Peng Q, et al. Expression of Tiam1 and VEGF-C correlates with lymphangiogenesis in human colorectal carcinoma [J]. Cancer Biol Ther, 2009; 8(8): 689-695.
16.	Okazawa T, Yoshida T, Shirai Y, et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C is a prognostic indicator in esophageal cancer [J]. Hepatogastroenterology, 2008; 55(86-87): 1503-1508.
17.	Wu S, Xing W, Peng J, et al. Tumor transfected with CCL21 enhanced reactivity and apoptosis resistance of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells[J]. Immunobiology, 2008; 213(5): 417-426.
18.	刘君, 胡三元, 杨美香，等. 趋化因子受体CCR7在胃癌患者外周血淋巴细胞中的表达及其意义[J]. 山东大学学报(医学版), 2008; 46(4): 391-393.
19.	Ishigami S, Natsugoe S, Nakajo A, et al. Prognostic value of CCR7 expression in gastric cancer [J]. Hepatogastroenterology, 2007; 54(76): 1025-1028.
20.	Kryczek I, Wei S, Keller E, et al. Stroma-derived factor(SDF-1/CXCL12) and human tumor pathogenesis [J]. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2007; 292(3): C987-C995.
21.	Ishigami S, Natsugoe S, Okumura H, et al. Clinical implication of CXCL12 expression in gastric cancer [J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2007; 14(11): 3154-3158.
22.	Kwak MK, Hur K, Park DJ, et al. Expression of chemokine receptors in human gastric cancer [J]. Tumor Biol, 2005; 26(2): 65-70.
23.	Yasumoto K, Koizumi K, Kawashima A, et al. Role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in peritoneal carcinomatosis of gastric cancer [J]. Cancer Res, 2006; 66(4): 2181-2187.
24.	Roukos DH. Current status and future perspectives in gastric cancer management [J]. Cancer Treat Rev, 2000; 26(4): 243-255.
25.	Iwanaga T, Iwasaki Y, Ohashi M, et al. Establishment of a CXCR4-expressing gastric cancer cell line in nude mice and the effect of AMD 3100 on tumor regression [J]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho, 2007; 34(12): 1917-1919.
26.	丁印鲁，张建良，唐思锋，等. 趋化因子基质细胞衍生因子-1及其受体对胃癌腹膜转移潜能的影响 [J]. 中华医学杂志， 2008; 88（3）: 202-205.
27.	安丽文, 刘永军, 赵丹懿，等. 胃癌组织VEGF-C和CXCR4的表达与淋巴结转移的关系 [J]. 世界华人消化杂志, 2007; 15(18): 2026-2030.
28.	Bachelder RE, Wendt MA, Mercurio AM. Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes breast carcinoma invasion in an autocrine manner by regulating the chemokine receptor CXCR4 [J]. Cancer Res, 2002; 62(24): 7203-7206.
29.	孙梯业, 赵永亮, 颜伟，等. CXCR4在VEGF-C介导的胃癌淋巴道转移中的作用 [J]. 第三军医大学学报, 2008; 30(2): 161-165.
30.	Zieker D, Knigsrainer I, Tritschler I, et al. Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 a promoting enzyme for peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer [J]. Int J Cancer, 2010; 126(6): 1513-1520.
31.	Hashimoto I, Koizumi K, Tatematsu M, et al. Blocking on the CXCR4/mTOR signalling pathway induces the anti-metastatic properties and autophagic cell death in peritoneal disseminated gastric cancer cells [J]. Eur J Cancer, 2008; 44(7): 1022-1029.
32.	江州华, 俞继卫, 姜波健. 基质金属蛋白酶对胃癌微环境调控作用的研究进展 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2009; 16(9): 768-772.
33.	Sugasawa H, Ichikura T, Kinoshita M, et al. Gastric cancer cells exploit CD4+ cell-derived CCL5 for their growth and prevention of CD8+ cell-involved tumor elimination [J]. Int J Cancer, 2008; 122(11): 2535-2541.
34.	Sugasawa H, Ichikura T, Tsujimoto H, et al. Prognostic significance of expression of CCL5/RANTES receptors in patients with gastric cancer [J]. J Surg Oncol, 2008; 97(5): 445-450.
35.	Lee JH, Cho YS, Lee JY, et al. The chemokine receptor CCR4 is expressed and associated with a poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer [J]. Ann Surg, 2009; 249(6): 933-941.
36.	Futagami S, Tatsuguchi A, Hiratsuka T, et al. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and CD40 ligation have a synergistic effect on vascular endothelial growth factor production through cyclooxygenase 2 upregulation in gastric cancer [J]. J Gastroenterol, 2008; 43(3): 216-224.
37.	Eck M, Schmausser B, Scheller K, et al. Pleiotropic effects of CXC chemokines in gastric carcinoma: differences in CXCL8 and CXCL1 expression between diffuse and intestinal types of gastric carcinoma [J]. Clin Exp Immunol, 2003; 134(3): 508-515.

1. Wu X, Lee VC, Chevalier E. Chemokine receptors as targets for cancer therapy [J]. Curr Pharm Des， 2009； 15(7): 742-757.
2. Zlotnik A, Yoshie O, Nomiyama H. The chemokine and chemokine receptor superfamilies and their molecular evolution [J]. Genome Biol, 2006; 7(12): 243.
3. Kehrl JH, Hwang IY, Park C. Chemoattract receptor signaling and its role in lymphocyte motility and trafficking [J]. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 2009; 334: 107-127.
4. Mashino K, Sadanaga N, Yamaguchi H, et al. Expression of chemokine receptor CCR7 is associated with lymph node metastasis of gastric carcinoma [J]. Cancer Res, 2002; 62(10): 2937-2941.
5. Yan C, Zhu ZG, Yu YY, et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C and chemokine receptor CCR7 in gastric carcinoma and their values in predicting lymph node metastasis [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2004; 10(6): 783-790.
6. Arigami T, Natsugoe S, Uenosono Y, et al. CCR7 and CXCR4 expression predicts lymph node status including micrometastasis in gastric cancer [J]. Int J Oncol, 2009; 35(1): 19-24.
7. Kruizinga RC, Bestebroer J, Berghuis P, et al. Role of chemokines and their receptors in cancer [J]. Curr Pharm Des, 2009; 15(29): 3396-3416.
8. Schmausser B, Endrich S, Brndlein S, et al. The chemokine receptor CCR7 is expressed on epithelium of non-inflamed gastric mucosa, Helicobacter pylori gastritis, gastric carcinoma and its precursor lesions and up-regulated by H. pylori [J]. Clin Exp Immunol, 2005; 139(2): 323-327.
9. Müller A, Homey B, Soto H, et al. Involvement of chemokine receptors in breast cancer metastasis [J]. Nature, 2001; 410(6824): 50-56.
10. Pituch-Noworolska A, Drabik G, Szatanek R, et al. Immunophenotype of isolated tumour cells in the blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes of patients with gastric cancer [J]. Pol J Pathol, 2007; 58(2): 93-97.
11. Baek SK, Jung KY, Lee SH, et al. Prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression and lymphatic vessel density in supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma [J]. Laryngoscope, 2009; 119(7): 1325-1330.
12. Ko YH, Jung CK, Lee MA, et al. Clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF)-C and -D in resected non-small cell lung cancer [J]. Cancer Res Treat, 2008; 40(3): 133-140.
13. 吴立刚, 刘奇伦, 胡志强. MMP-2和VEGF-C在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及临床意义 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2009; 16(11): 906-910.
14. Di JM, Zhou J, Zhou XL, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is associated with vascular endothelial growth factor-C and lymph node metastases in human prostate cancer [J]. Arch Med Res, 2009; 40(4): 268-275.
15. Zhong D, Li Y, Peng Q, et al. Expression of Tiam1 and VEGF-C correlates with lymphangiogenesis in human colorectal carcinoma [J]. Cancer Biol Ther, 2009; 8(8): 689-695.
16. Okazawa T, Yoshida T, Shirai Y, et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C is a prognostic indicator in esophageal cancer [J]. Hepatogastroenterology, 2008; 55(86-87): 1503-1508.
17. Wu S, Xing W, Peng J, et al. Tumor transfected with CCL21 enhanced reactivity and apoptosis resistance of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells[J]. Immunobiology, 2008; 213(5): 417-426.
18. 刘君, 胡三元, 杨美香，等. 趋化因子受体CCR7在胃癌患者外周血淋巴细胞中的表达及其意义[J]. 山东大学学报(医学版), 2008; 46(4): 391-393.
19. Ishigami S, Natsugoe S, Nakajo A, et al. Prognostic value of CCR7 expression in gastric cancer [J]. Hepatogastroenterology, 2007; 54(76): 1025-1028.
20. Kryczek I, Wei S, Keller E, et al. Stroma-derived factor(SDF-1/CXCL12) and human tumor pathogenesis [J]. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2007; 292(3): C987-C995.
21. Ishigami S, Natsugoe S, Okumura H, et al. Clinical implication of CXCL12 expression in gastric cancer [J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2007; 14(11): 3154-3158.
22. Kwak MK, Hur K, Park DJ, et al. Expression of chemokine receptors in human gastric cancer [J]. Tumor Biol, 2005; 26(2): 65-70.
23. Yasumoto K, Koizumi K, Kawashima A, et al. Role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in peritoneal carcinomatosis of gastric cancer [J]. Cancer Res, 2006; 66(4): 2181-2187.
24. Roukos DH. Current status and future perspectives in gastric cancer management [J]. Cancer Treat Rev, 2000; 26(4): 243-255.
25. Iwanaga T, Iwasaki Y, Ohashi M, et al. Establishment of a CXCR4-expressing gastric cancer cell line in nude mice and the effect of AMD 3100 on tumor regression [J]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho, 2007; 34(12): 1917-1919.
26. 丁印鲁，张建良，唐思锋，等. 趋化因子基质细胞衍生因子-1及其受体对胃癌腹膜转移潜能的影响 [J]. 中华医学杂志， 2008; 88（3）: 202-205.
27. 安丽文, 刘永军, 赵丹懿，等. 胃癌组织VEGF-C和CXCR4的表达与淋巴结转移的关系 [J]. 世界华人消化杂志, 2007; 15(18): 2026-2030.
28. Bachelder RE, Wendt MA, Mercurio AM. Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes breast carcinoma invasion in an autocrine manner by regulating the chemokine receptor CXCR4 [J]. Cancer Res, 2002; 62(24): 7203-7206.
29. 孙梯业, 赵永亮, 颜伟，等. CXCR4在VEGF-C介导的胃癌淋巴道转移中的作用 [J]. 第三军医大学学报, 2008; 30(2): 161-165.
30. Zieker D, Knigsrainer I, Tritschler I, et al. Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 a promoting enzyme for peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer [J]. Int J Cancer, 2010; 126(6): 1513-1520.
31. Hashimoto I, Koizumi K, Tatematsu M, et al. Blocking on the CXCR4/mTOR signalling pathway induces the anti-metastatic properties and autophagic cell death in peritoneal disseminated gastric cancer cells [J]. Eur J Cancer, 2008; 44(7): 1022-1029.
32. 江州华, 俞继卫, 姜波健. 基质金属蛋白酶对胃癌微环境调控作用的研究进展 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2009; 16(9): 768-772.
33. Sugasawa H, Ichikura T, Kinoshita M, et al. Gastric cancer cells exploit CD4+ cell-derived CCL5 for their growth and prevention of CD8+ cell-involved tumor elimination [J]. Int J Cancer, 2008; 122(11): 2535-2541.
34. Sugasawa H, Ichikura T, Tsujimoto H, et al. Prognostic significance of expression of CCL5/RANTES receptors in patients with gastric cancer [J]. J Surg Oncol, 2008; 97(5): 445-450.
35. Lee JH, Cho YS, Lee JY, et al. The chemokine receptor CCR4 is expressed and associated with a poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer [J]. Ann Surg, 2009; 249(6): 933-941.
36. Futagami S, Tatsuguchi A, Hiratsuka T, et al. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and CD40 ligation have a synergistic effect on vascular endothelial growth factor production through cyclooxygenase 2 upregulation in gastric cancer [J]. J Gastroenterol, 2008; 43(3): 216-224.
37. Eck M, Schmausser B, Scheller K, et al. Pleiotropic effects of CXC chemokines in gastric carcinoma: differences in CXCL8 and CXCL1 expression between diffuse and intestinal types of gastric carcinoma [J]. Clin Exp Immunol, 2003; 134(3): 508-515.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Relationships Between Chemokines or Chemokine Receptors and Gastric Cancer

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