Improvements of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Model in Rhesus Monkey_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

RAN Jianghua , ZHANG Shengning , LIU Jing , LI Zhu , LI Laibang , WU Shuyuan , LI Li.

The First Department of Hepatobiliaropancreatic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Kunming City and The Affiliated Ganmei Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Liver Transplantation Center of Organ Transplantation Institute of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650011, China;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Liver transplantation; Animal model; Rhesus monkey; Primates; Vascular reconstruction

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Objective To explore improvement of orthotopic liver transplantation model in rhesus monkey.
Methods Healthy rhesus monkeys were chosen to perform orthotopic liver transplantation for 10 cases. The model was established by drawing on a variety of animal model methods, and the portal vein cuff method was used to establish stable model of orthotopic liver transplantation in rhesus monkeys.
Results Ten orthotopic liver transplantation models in rhesus were performed, and the achievement ratio of operation was 10/10. The time of donor hepatectomy and donor preparation was (20±5) min and (30±7) min, respectively. The operation time of recipient and anhepatic phase were (180±35) min and (17±4) min, respectively. After 24 h of operation 9 cases survived, one case died of intra-abdominal hemorrhage after 9 h of operation. After 72 h of operation 8 cases survived, and one case died of upper gastrointestinal bleeding after 38 h of operation. After one week of operation 5 cases survived, and 3 cases died of rejection after 9, 11, and 11 d of operation, respectively. The longest survival time was 32 d, but all of them also died of rejection. No portal vein thrombosis and biliary complications were found in all recipients.
Conclusion The improved rhesus monkey model of orthotopic liver transplantation is easy to perform with high achievement ratio of operation. It is an ideal animal model for pre-clinical studies of liver transplantation.

Citation： RAN Jianghua,ZHANG Shengning,LIU Jing,LI Zhu,LI Laibang,WU Shuyuan,LI Li.. Improvements of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Model in Rhesus Monkey. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2010, 17(7): 694-698. doi: Copy

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2.	Shi Y, Lv Y, Wang B, et al. Novel magnetic rings for rapid vascular reconstruction in canine liver transplantation model [J]. Transplant Proc, 2006; 38(9): 30703074.
3.	Wang HS, Ohkohchi N, Enomoto Y, et al. Excessive portal flow causes graft failure in extremely smallforsize liver transplantation in pigs [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2005; 11(44): 69546959.
4.	Vekemans K, Liu Q, Heedfeld V, et al. Hypothermic liver machine perfusion with EKPS1 solution vs aqix RSI solution: in vivo feasibility study in a pig transplantation model [J]. Transplant Proc, 2009; 41(2): 617621.
5.	Myburgh JA, Mieny CJ, Vetten B, et al. The technique of orthotopic hepatic allotransplantation in the baboon [J]. S Afr J Surg, 1971; 9(2): 8186.
6.	Peng Y, Gong JP, Yan LN, et al. Improved twocuff technique for orthotopic liver transplantation in rat [J]. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int, 2004; 3(1): 3337.
7.	Matevossian E, Doll D, Hüser N, et al. Liver transplantation in the rat: singlecenter experience with technique, longterm survival, and functional and histologic findings [J]. Transplant Proc, 2009; 41(6): 26312636.
8.	Hoffmann K, Weigand MA, Hillebrand N, et al. Is venovenous bypass still needed during liver transplantation? A review of the literature [J]. Clin Transplant, 2009; 23(1): 18.
9.	Wojcicki M, Jarosz K, Czuprynska M, et al. Liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure without venovenous bypass and without portacaval shunting [J]. Transplant Proc, 2006; 38(1): 215218.
10.	Witkowski K, Piecuch J. Liver transplant without a venovenous bypass [J]. Ann Transplant, 2001; 6(1):1617.
11.	Arcari M, Phillips SD, Gibbs P, et al. An investigation into the risk of air embolus during venovenous bypass in orthotopic liver transplantation [J]. Transplantation, 1999; 68(1): 150152.
12.	Viana JS, Furtado E, Romero A, et al. Air embolism as a complication of venovenous bypass during liver transplant for diffuse hemangiomatosis [J]. Transplant Proc, 2003; 35(3): 11281130.
13.	Neelakanta G, Csete M, Busuttil RW. Arteriovenous obstruction of arm due to venovenous bypass during liver transplantation [J]. J Clin Anesth, 1997; 9(6): 507509.
14.	Currin RT, Relnstein LJ, Lichtman SN, et al. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor release from cultured rat Kupffer cells by agents that reduce graft failure from storage injury [J]. Transplant proc, 1993; 25(1 Pt 2): 16311632.
15.	Ijtsma AJ, van der Hilst CS, de Boer MT, et al. The clinical relevance of the anhepatic phase during liver transplantation [J]. Liver Transpl, 2009; 15(9): 10501055.
16.	Khosravi MB, Jalaeian H, Lahsaee MT, et al. The effect of clamping of inferior vena cava and portal vein on urine output during liver transplantation [J]. Transplant Proc, 2007; 39(4): 11971198.
17.	Fukumoto T, Ku Y, Tominaga M, et al. A novel paper cuff for vascular reconstruction in canine liver transplantation [J]. Surg Today, 1996; 26(4): 295297.
18.	Yokota K, Uchida H, Satoh K, et al. Orthotopic liver transplantation in dogs - using a cuff technique for vascular anastomoses, with special reference to long term survival dogs treated with mizorbine [J]. Jpn J Transplant, 1987; 22(1): 814.
19.	Liu C, Tsai HL, Chin T, et al. Clamping the supraceliac aorta can effectively increase the success rate of orthotopic rat liver transplantation by increasing the tolerable time of the anhepatic phase [J]. J Surg Res, 2006; 136(1):116119.
20.	MoorJankowski J, Wiener AS, Rogers CM. Human blood group factors in nonhuman primates [J]. Nature, 1964; 202: 663665.
21.	Ariyakhagorn V, Schmitz V, Olschewski P, et al. Improvement of microsurgical techniques in orthotopic rat liver transplantation [J]. J Surg Res, 2009; 153(2): 332339.
22.	张升宁, 李立, 冉江华, 等. 原位肝移植术中动脉重建及术后并发症的防治 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2007; 14(5): 564568.
23.	张升宁, 李立, 冉江华, 等. 活体肝移植中肝动脉的处理 [J]. 国际外科杂志, 2008; 35(2): 9295.
24.	冉江华, 张升宁, 李铸, 等. 肝动脉腹主动脉搭桥在原位肝移植术中的应用 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2008; 15(2): 102105.

1. Nakano T, Lai CY, Goto S, et al. Significance of portosystemic shunt on graft survival in liver transplantation: a rat model [J]. Transplant Proc, 2008; 40(8): 25152516.
2. Shi Y, Lv Y, Wang B, et al. Novel magnetic rings for rapid vascular reconstruction in canine liver transplantation model [J]. Transplant Proc, 2006; 38(9): 30703074.
3. Wang HS, Ohkohchi N, Enomoto Y, et al. Excessive portal flow causes graft failure in extremely smallforsize liver transplantation in pigs [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2005; 11(44): 69546959.
4. Vekemans K, Liu Q, Heedfeld V, et al. Hypothermic liver machine perfusion with EKPS1 solution vs aqix RSI solution: in vivo feasibility study in a pig transplantation model [J]. Transplant Proc, 2009; 41(2): 617621.
5. Myburgh JA, Mieny CJ, Vetten B, et al. The technique of orthotopic hepatic allotransplantation in the baboon [J]. S Afr J Surg, 1971; 9(2): 8186.
6. Peng Y, Gong JP, Yan LN, et al. Improved twocuff technique for orthotopic liver transplantation in rat [J]. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int, 2004; 3(1): 3337.
7. Matevossian E, Doll D, Hüser N, et al. Liver transplantation in the rat: singlecenter experience with technique, longterm survival, and functional and histologic findings [J]. Transplant Proc, 2009; 41(6): 26312636.
8. Hoffmann K, Weigand MA, Hillebrand N, et al. Is venovenous bypass still needed during liver transplantation? A review of the literature [J]. Clin Transplant, 2009; 23(1): 18.
9. Wojcicki M, Jarosz K, Czuprynska M, et al. Liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure without venovenous bypass and without portacaval shunting [J]. Transplant Proc, 2006; 38(1): 215218.
10. Witkowski K, Piecuch J. Liver transplant without a venovenous bypass [J]. Ann Transplant, 2001; 6(1):1617.
11. Arcari M, Phillips SD, Gibbs P, et al. An investigation into the risk of air embolus during venovenous bypass in orthotopic liver transplantation [J]. Transplantation, 1999; 68(1): 150152.
12. Viana JS, Furtado E, Romero A, et al. Air embolism as a complication of venovenous bypass during liver transplant for diffuse hemangiomatosis [J]. Transplant Proc, 2003; 35(3): 11281130.
13. Neelakanta G, Csete M, Busuttil RW. Arteriovenous obstruction of arm due to venovenous bypass during liver transplantation [J]. J Clin Anesth, 1997; 9(6): 507509.
14. Currin RT, Relnstein LJ, Lichtman SN, et al. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor release from cultured rat Kupffer cells by agents that reduce graft failure from storage injury [J]. Transplant proc, 1993; 25(1 Pt 2): 16311632.
15. Ijtsma AJ, van der Hilst CS, de Boer MT, et al. The clinical relevance of the anhepatic phase during liver transplantation [J]. Liver Transpl, 2009; 15(9): 10501055.
16. Khosravi MB, Jalaeian H, Lahsaee MT, et al. The effect of clamping of inferior vena cava and portal vein on urine output during liver transplantation [J]. Transplant Proc, 2007; 39(4): 11971198.
17. Fukumoto T, Ku Y, Tominaga M, et al. A novel paper cuff for vascular reconstruction in canine liver transplantation [J]. Surg Today, 1996; 26(4): 295297.
18. Yokota K, Uchida H, Satoh K, et al. Orthotopic liver transplantation in dogs - using a cuff technique for vascular anastomoses, with special reference to long term survival dogs treated with mizorbine [J]. Jpn J Transplant, 1987; 22(1): 814.
19. Liu C, Tsai HL, Chin T, et al. Clamping the supraceliac aorta can effectively increase the success rate of orthotopic rat liver transplantation by increasing the tolerable time of the anhepatic phase [J]. J Surg Res, 2006; 136(1):116119.
20. MoorJankowski J, Wiener AS, Rogers CM. Human blood group factors in nonhuman primates [J]. Nature, 1964; 202: 663665.
21. Ariyakhagorn V, Schmitz V, Olschewski P, et al. Improvement of microsurgical techniques in orthotopic rat liver transplantation [J]. J Surg Res, 2009; 153(2): 332339.
22. 张升宁, 李立, 冉江华, 等. 原位肝移植术中动脉重建及术后并发症的防治 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2007; 14(5): 564568.
23. 张升宁, 李立, 冉江华, 等. 活体肝移植中肝动脉的处理 [J]. 国际外科杂志, 2008; 35(2): 9295.
24. 冉江华, 张升宁, 李铸, 等. 肝动脉腹主动脉搭桥在原位肝移植术中的应用 [J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2008; 15(2): 102105.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Improvements of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Model in Rhesus Monkey

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