Fast-Track Programmes of Multi-Disciplinary Team in Colorectal Surgery_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

LIU Zhan , WANG Xiaodong , LI Li

Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Colorectal surgery; Fast-track programme; Content; Evidence

Video：

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Objective　 To explore the content and scientific evidence of every element of the fast-track programmes in colorectal surgery.
Methods 　The literatures about the applied status and opinion of the modality applied in the surgical treatment of the colorectal cancer and fundament investigation in recent years were collected and reviewed.
Results 　The feasibility of the every fast-track’s element was based on the clinical and fundamental investigaton.
Conclusion 　The advantage of the fast-track programmes in colorectal surgery is confirmed.

Citation： LIU Zhan,WANG Xiaodong,LI Li. Fast-Track Programmes of Multi-Disciplinary Team in Colorectal Surgery. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2007, 14(4): 469-473. doi: Copy

1.	刘展，汪晓东，李立. 多学科协作诊治模式下的结直肠外科快速康复流程[J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2007； 14（2）∶239　.
2.	Egbert LD, Battit GE, Welch CE, et al. Reduction of postoperative pain by encouragement and instruction of patients. a study of doctor-patient papport [J]. N Engl J Med, 1964; 270(4)　∶825　.
3.	Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Page GG, Marucha PT, et al. Psychological influences on surgical recovery. Perspectives from psychoneuroimmunology [J]. Am Psychol, 1998; 53(11)∶1209.
4.	Disbrow EA, Bennett HL, Owings JT, et al. Effect of preoperative suggestion on postoperative gastrointestinal motility [J]. West J Med, 1993; 158(5)∶488.
5.	Fearon KC, Ljungqvist O, Von Meyenfeldt M, et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery: a consensus review of clinical care for patients undergoing colonic resection [J]. Clin Nutr, 2005; 24(3)∶466.
6.	Brownson P, Jenkins S, Nott D, et al. Mechanical bowel preparation before colorectal surgery: results of a prospective randomized trial [J]. Br J Surg, 1992; 79（3）∶461.
7.	Baker LW, Thomson SR, Chadwick SJ. Colon wound management and prograde colonic lavage in large bowel trauma [J]. Br J Surg, 1990; 77(8)∶872.
8.	Santos JC Jr, Batista J, Sirimarco MT, et al. Prospective randomized trial of mechanical bowel preparation in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery [J]. Br J Surg, 1994; 81(11)∶1673　.
9.	Schein M, Assalia A, Eldar S, et al. Is mechanical bowel preparation necessary before primary colonic anastomosis? An experimental study [J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 1995; 38(7)∶749.
10.	Graney MJ, Graney CM. Colorectal surgery from antiguity to the modern era [J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 1980; 23(6)∶432.
11.	Platell C, Hall J. What is the role of mechanical bowel preparation in patients undergoing colorectal surgery? [J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 1998; 41(7)∶875.
12.	Slim K, Vicaut E, Panis Y, et al. Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials of colorectal surgery with or without mechanical bowel preparation [J]. Br J Surg, 2004; 91(9)∶1125.
13.	Ljungqvist O, Soreide E. Preoperative fasting [J]. Br J Surg, 2003; 90(4)∶400.
14.	Hausel J, Nygren J, Lagerkranser M, et al. A carbohydrate-rich drink reduces preoperative discomfort in elective surgery patients [J]. Anesth Analg, 2001; 93(5)∶1344.
15.	Soop M, Nygren J, Myrenfors P, et al. Preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment attenuates immediate postoperative insulin resistance [J]. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2001; 280(4)∶E576　.
16.	Yuill KA, Richardson RA, Davidson HI, et al. The administration of an oral carbohydrate-containing fluid prior to major elective upper-gastrointestinal surgery preserves skeletal muscle mass postoperatively——a randomised clinical trial [J]. Clin Nutr， 2005; 24(1)∶32.
17.	Soop M, Carlson GL, Hopkinson J, et al. Randomized clinical trial of the effects of immediate enteral nutrition on metabolic responses to major colorectal surgery in an enhanced recovery protocol [J]. Br J Surg, 2004; 91(9)∶1138.
18.	Caumo W, Hidalgo MP, Schmidt AP, et al. Effect of pre-operative anxiolysis on postoperative pain response in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy [J]. Anaesthesia， 2002; 57(8)∶740.
19.	Moiniche S, Kehlet H, Dahl JB. A qualitative and quantitative systematic review of preemptive analgesia for postoperative pain relief: the role of timing of analgesia [J]. Anesthesiology, 2002; 96(3)∶725〖ＺＫ)〗.
20.	Clagett GP, Anderson FA Jr, Geerts W, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism [J]. Chest, 1998; 114(5 Suppl)∶531S.
21.	Lausen I, Jensen R, Jorgensen LN, et al. Incidence and prevention of deep venous thrombosis occurring late after general surgery: randomised controlled study of prolonged thromboprophylaxis [J]. Eur J Surg， 1998; 164(9)∶657.
22.	Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ. Spinal and epidural blockade and perioperative low molecular weight heparin: smooth sailing on the Titanic [J]. Anesth Analg, 1998; 86(6)∶1153.
23.	Liu SS, Mulroy MF. Neuraxial anesthesia and analgesia in the presence of standard heparin [J]. Reg Anesth Pain Med, 1998; 23(6 Suppl 2)∶157.
24.	Mattei P, Rombeau JL. Review of the pathophysiology and management of postoperative ileus [J]. World J Surg, 2006; 30(8)∶1382.
25.	Basse L, Thorbol JE, Lossl K, et al. Colonic surgery with accelerated rehabilitation or conventional care [J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 2004; 47(3)∶271.
26.	Delaney CP. Clinical perspective on postoperative ileus and the effect of opiates [J]. Neurogastroenterol Motil, 2004; 16 Suppl 2∶61.
27.	Wilmore DW, Kehlet H. Management of patients in fast track surgery [J]. BMJ, 2001; 322(7284)∶473.
28.	Kehlet H. Modification of responses to surgery by neural blockade: clinical anaesthesia and management of pain [M]. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1998∶129-175.
29.	Rodgers A, Walker N, Schug S, et al. Reduction of postoperative mortality and morbidity with epidural or spinal anaesthesia: results from overview of randomised trials [J]. BMJ, 2000; 321(7275)∶1493.
30.	Liu SS, Carpenter RL, Mackey DC, et al. Effects of perioperative analgesic technique on rate of recovery after colon surgery [J]. Anesthesiology, 1995; 83(4)∶757.
31.	Andersen J, Kehlet H. Fast track open ileo-colic resections for Crohn’s disease [J]. Colorectal Dis, 2005; 7(4)∶394.
32.	Wind J, Polle SW, Fung Kon Jin PH, et al. Systematic review of enhanced recovery programmes in colonic surgery [J]. Br J Surg, 2006; 93(7)∶800.
33.	Kehlet H, Dahl JB. Anaesthesia, surgery, and challenges in postoperative recovery [J]. Lancet, 2003; 362(9399)∶1921.
34.	Miedema BW, Johnson JO. Methods for decreasing postoperative gut dysmotility [J]. Lancet Oncol, 2003; 4(6)∶365.
35.	Schuster TG, Montie JE. Postoperative ileus after abdominal surgery [J]. Urology, 2002; 59(4)∶465.
36.	Basse L, Jakobsen DH, Bardram L, et al. Functional recovery after open versus laparoscopic colonic resection: a randomized, blinded study [J]. Ann Surg, 2005; 241(3)∶416.
37.	Cheatham ML, Chapman WC, Key SP, et al. A meta-analysis of selective versus routine nasogastric decompression after elective laparotomy [J]. Ann Surg, 1995; 221(5)∶469.
38.	Kurz A, Sessler DI, Lenhardt R. Perioperative normothermia to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection and shorten hospitalization. Study of Wound Infection and Temperature Group [J]. N Engl J Med, 1996; 334(19)∶1209〖ＺＫ)〗.
39.	Frank SM, Fleisher LA, Breslow MJ, et al. Perioperative maintenance of normothermia reduces the incidence of morbid cardiac events. A randomized clinical trial [J]. JAMA, 1997; 277(14)∶1127〖ＺＫ)〗.
40.	Sessler DI. Mild perioperative hypothermia [J]. N Engl J Med, 1997; 336(24)∶1730.
41.	Lobo DN, Bostock KA, Neal KR, et al. Effect of salt and water balance on recovery of gastrointestinal function after elective colonic resection: a randomised controlled trial [J]. Lancet, 2002; 359(9320)∶1812.
42.	Tambyraja AL, Sengupta F, MacGregor AB, et al. Patterns and clinical outcomes associated with routine intravenous sodium and fluid administration after colorectal resection [J]. World J Surg, 2004; 28(10)∶1046.
43.	Brandstrup B, Tonnesen H, Beier-Holgersen R, et al. Effects of intravenous fluid restriction on postoperative complications: comparison of two perioperative fluid regimens: a randomized assessor-blinded multicenter trial [J]. Ann Surg, 2003; 238(5)∶641　.
44.	Wilson J, Woods I, Fawcett J, et al. Reducing the risk of major elective surgery: randomised controlled trial of preoperative optimisation of oxygen delivery [J]. BMJ, 1999; 318(7191)　∶1099.
45.	Basse L, Hjort Jakobsen D, Billesbolle P, et al. A clinical pa-thway to accelerate recovery after colonic resection [J]. Ann Surg， 2000; 232(1)∶51.
46.	Holte K, Foss NB, Svensen C, et al. Epidural anesthesia, hypotension, and changes in intravascular volume [J]. Anesthesiology， 2004; 100(2)∶281.
47.	Urbach DR, Kennedy ED, Cohen MM. Colon and rectal anastomoses do not require routine drainage: a systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. Ann Surg， 1999; 229(2)∶174.
48.	Livingston EH, Passaro EP. Postoperative ileus [J]. Dig Dis Sci, 1990; 35(1)∶121〖ＺＫ)〗.
49.	Fearon KC, Luff R. The nutritional management of surgical patients: enhanced recovery after surgery [J]. Proc Nutr Soc, 2003; 62(4)∶807.
50.	Henriksen MG, Hansen HV, Hessov I. Early oral nutrition after elective colorectal surgery: influence of balanced analgesia and enforced mobilization [J]. Nutrition, 2002; 18(3)∶263.
51.	Luckey A, Livingston E, Tache Y. Mechanisms and treatment of postoperative ileus [J]. Arch Surg, 2003; 138(2)∶206.
52.	Holte K, Kehlet H. Postoperative ileus: progress towards effective management [J]. Drugs, 2002; 62(18)∶2603.
53.	Kehlet H, Buchler MW, Beart RW Jr, et al. Care after colonic operation——is it evidence-based? Results from a multinational survey in Europe and the United States [J]. J Am Coll Surg, 2006; 202(1)∶45.
54.	Kehlet H, Wilmore DW. Multimodal strategies to improve surgical outcome [J]. Am J Surg, 2002; 183(6)∶630.

1. 　刘展，汪晓东，李立. 多学科协作诊治模式下的结直肠外科快速康复流程[J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2007； 14（2）∶239　.
2. 　Egbert LD, Battit GE, Welch CE, et al. Reduction of postoperative pain by encouragement and instruction of patients. a study of doctor-patient papport [J]. N Engl J Med, 1964; 270(4)　∶825　.
3. 　Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Page GG, Marucha PT, et al. Psychological influences on surgical recovery. Perspectives from psychoneuroimmunology [J]. Am Psychol, 1998; 53(11)∶1209.
4. 　Disbrow EA, Bennett HL, Owings JT, et al. Effect of preoperative suggestion on postoperative gastrointestinal motility [J]. West J Med, 1993; 158(5)∶488.
5. 　Fearon KC, Ljungqvist O, Von Meyenfeldt M, et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery: a consensus review of clinical care for patients undergoing colonic resection [J]. Clin Nutr, 2005; 24(3)∶466.
6. 　Brownson P, Jenkins S, Nott D, et al. Mechanical bowel preparation before colorectal surgery: results of a prospective randomized trial [J]. Br J Surg, 1992; 79（3）∶461.
7. 　Baker LW, Thomson SR, Chadwick SJ. Colon wound management and prograde colonic lavage in large bowel trauma [J]. Br J Surg, 1990; 77(8)∶872.
8. 　Santos JC Jr, Batista J, Sirimarco MT, et al. Prospective randomized trial of mechanical bowel preparation in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery [J]. Br J Surg, 1994; 81(11)∶1673　.
9. 　 Schein M, Assalia A, Eldar S, et al. Is mechanical bowel preparation necessary before primary colonic anastomosis? An experimental study [J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 1995; 38(7)∶749.
10. 　Graney MJ, Graney CM. Colorectal surgery from antiguity to the modern era [J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 1980; 23(6)∶432.
11. 　Platell C, Hall J. What is the role of mechanical bowel preparation in patients undergoing colorectal surgery? [J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 1998; 41(7)∶875.
12. 　Slim K, Vicaut E, Panis Y, et al. Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials of colorectal surgery with or without mechanical bowel preparation [J]. Br J Surg, 2004; 91(9)∶1125.
13. 　Ljungqvist O, Soreide E. Preoperative fasting [J]. Br J Surg, 2003; 90(4)∶400.
14. 　Hausel J, Nygren J, Lagerkranser M, et al. A carbohydrate-rich drink reduces preoperative discomfort in elective surgery patients [J]. Anesth Analg, 2001; 93(5)∶1344.
15. 　Soop M, Nygren J, Myrenfors P, et al. Preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment attenuates immediate postoperative insulin resistance [J]. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2001; 280(4)∶E576　.
16. 　Yuill KA, Richardson RA, Davidson HI, et al. The administration of an oral carbohydrate-containing fluid prior to major elective upper-gastrointestinal surgery preserves skeletal muscle mass postoperatively——a randomised clinical trial [J]. Clin Nutr， 2005; 24(1)∶32.
17. 　Soop M, Carlson GL, Hopkinson J, et al. Randomized clinical trial of the effects of immediate enteral nutrition on metabolic responses to major colorectal surgery in an enhanced recovery protocol [J]. Br J Surg, 2004; 91(9)∶1138.
18. 　Caumo W, Hidalgo MP, Schmidt AP, et al. Effect of pre-operative anxiolysis on postoperative pain response in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy [J]. Anaesthesia， 2002; 57(8)∶740.
19. 　Moiniche S, Kehlet H, Dahl JB. A qualitative and quantitative systematic review of preemptive analgesia for postoperative pain relief: the role of timing of analgesia [J]. Anesthesiology, 2002; 96(3)∶725〖ＺＫ)〗.
20. 　Clagett GP, Anderson FA Jr, Geerts W, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism [J]. Chest, 1998; 114(5 Suppl)∶531S.
21. 　Lausen I, Jensen R, Jorgensen LN, et al. Incidence and prevention of deep venous thrombosis occurring late after general surgery: randomised controlled study of prolonged thromboprophylaxis [J]. Eur J Surg， 1998; 164(9)∶657.
22. 　Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ. Spinal and epidural blockade and perioperative low molecular weight heparin: smooth sailing on the Titanic [J]. Anesth Analg, 1998; 86(6)∶1153.
23. 　Liu SS, Mulroy MF. Neuraxial anesthesia and analgesia in the presence of standard heparin [J]. Reg Anesth Pain Med, 1998; 23(6 Suppl 2)∶157.
24. 　Mattei P, Rombeau JL. Review of the pathophysiology and management of postoperative ileus [J]. World J Surg, 2006; 30(8)∶1382.
25. 　Basse L, Thorbol JE, Lossl K, et al. Colonic surgery with accelerated rehabilitation or conventional care [J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 2004; 47(3)∶271.
26. 　Delaney CP. Clinical perspective on postoperative ileus and the effect of opiates [J]. Neurogastroenterol Motil, 2004; 16 Suppl 2∶61.
27. 　Wilmore DW, Kehlet H. Management of patients in fast track surgery [J]. BMJ, 2001; 322(7284)∶473.
28. 　Kehlet H. Modification of responses to surgery by neural blockade: clinical anaesthesia and management of pain [M]. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1998∶129-175.
29. 　Rodgers A, Walker N, Schug S, et al. Reduction of postoperative mortality and morbidity with epidural or spinal anaesthesia: results from overview of randomised trials [J]. BMJ, 2000; 321(7275)∶1493.
30. 　Liu SS, Carpenter RL, Mackey DC, et al. Effects of perioperative analgesic technique on rate of recovery after colon surgery [J]. Anesthesiology, 1995; 83(4)∶757.
31. 　Andersen J, Kehlet H. Fast track open ileo-colic resections for Crohn’s disease [J]. Colorectal Dis, 2005; 7(4)∶394.
32. 　Wind J, Polle SW, Fung Kon Jin PH, et al. Systematic review of enhanced recovery programmes in colonic surgery [J]. Br J Surg, 2006; 93(7)∶800.
33. 　Kehlet H, Dahl JB. Anaesthesia, surgery, and challenges in postoperative recovery [J]. Lancet, 2003; 362(9399)∶1921.
34. 　Miedema BW, Johnson JO. Methods for decreasing postoperative gut dysmotility [J]. Lancet Oncol, 2003; 4(6)∶365.
35. 　Schuster TG, Montie JE. Postoperative ileus after abdominal surgery [J]. Urology, 2002; 59(4)∶465.
36. 　Basse L, Jakobsen DH, Bardram L, et al. Functional recovery after open versus laparoscopic colonic resection: a randomized, blinded study [J]. Ann Surg, 2005; 241(3)∶416.
37. 　Cheatham ML, Chapman WC, Key SP, et al. A meta-analysis of selective versus routine nasogastric decompression after elective laparotomy [J]. Ann Surg, 1995; 221(5)∶469.
38. 　Kurz A, Sessler DI, Lenhardt R. Perioperative normothermia to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection and shorten hospitalization. Study of Wound Infection and Temperature Group [J]. N Engl J Med, 1996; 334(19)∶1209〖ＺＫ)〗.
39. 　Frank SM, Fleisher LA, Breslow MJ, et al. Perioperative maintenance of normothermia reduces the incidence of morbid cardiac events. A randomized clinical trial [J]. JAMA, 1997; 277(14)∶1127〖ＺＫ)〗.
40. 　Sessler DI. Mild perioperative hypothermia [J]. N Engl J Med, 1997; 336(24)∶1730.
41. 　Lobo DN, Bostock KA, Neal KR, et al. Effect of salt and water balance on recovery of gastrointestinal function after elective colonic resection: a randomised controlled trial [J]. Lancet, 2002; 359(9320)∶1812.
42. 　Tambyraja AL, Sengupta F, MacGregor AB, et al. Patterns and clinical outcomes associated with routine intravenous sodium and fluid administration after colorectal resection [J]. World J Surg, 2004; 28(10)∶1046.
43. 　Brandstrup B, Tonnesen H, Beier-Holgersen R, et al. Effects of intravenous fluid restriction on postoperative complications: comparison of two perioperative fluid regimens: a randomized assessor-blinded multicenter trial [J]. Ann Surg, 2003; 238(5)∶641　.
44. 　Wilson J, Woods I, Fawcett J, et al. Reducing the risk of major elective surgery: randomised controlled trial of preoperative optimisation of oxygen delivery [J]. BMJ, 1999; 318(7191)　∶1099.
45. 　Basse L, Hjort Jakobsen D, Billesbolle P, et al. A clinical pa-thway to accelerate recovery after colonic resection [J]. Ann Surg， 2000; 232(1)∶51.
46. 　Holte K, Foss NB, Svensen C, et al. Epidural anesthesia, hypotension, and changes in intravascular volume [J]. Anesthesiology， 2004; 100(2)∶281.
47. 　Urbach DR, Kennedy ED, Cohen MM. Colon and rectal anastomoses do not require routine drainage: a systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. Ann Surg， 1999; 229(2)∶174.
48. 　Livingston EH, Passaro EP. Postoperative ileus [J]. Dig Dis Sci, 1990; 35(1)∶121〖ＺＫ)〗.
49. 　Fearon KC, Luff R. The nutritional management of surgical patients: enhanced recovery after surgery [J]. Proc Nutr Soc, 2003; 62(4)∶807.
50. 　Henriksen MG, Hansen HV, Hessov I. Early oral nutrition after elective colorectal surgery: influence of balanced analgesia and enforced mobilization [J]. Nutrition, 2002; 18(3)∶263.
51. 　Luckey A, Livingston E, Tache Y. Mechanisms and treatment of postoperative ileus [J]. Arch Surg, 2003; 138(2)∶206.
52. 　Holte K, Kehlet H. Postoperative ileus: progress towards effective management [J]. Drugs, 2002; 62(18)∶2603.
53. 　Kehlet H, Buchler MW, Beart RW Jr, et al. Care after colonic operation——is it evidence-based? Results from a multinational survey in Europe and the United States [J]. J Am Coll Surg, 2006; 202(1)∶45.
54. 　Kehlet H, Wilmore DW. Multimodal strategies to improve surgical outcome [J]. Am J Surg, 2002; 183(6)∶630.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Fast-Track Programmes of Multi-Disciplinary Team in Colorectal Surgery

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

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