Diagnosis and Treatment of Hilar Cholangiocarcinomas_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

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LI Bo , YAN Lnan.

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Keywords：

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma Diagnosis Treatment

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【Abstract】ObjectiveTo report the diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
MethodsThe relevant information about the hispathological feature, transfer ways, clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, imaging feature, immunohistochemical examination and treatment ways were gathered from previous original articles, and checking the latest issues of appropriate journals.
ResultsThe clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, and imaging feature of hilar cholangiocarcinoma were due to the neoplasm obstructing bile duct and sequent infection of bile duct. The diagnosis was depanded on the combining clinical manifestation, laboratory examination and imaging feature. The value of immunohistochemical examination was not clear. Radical surgery was the best treatment of unique curing the neoplasm. By-pass surgery was used in the late phase patients to solve the obstruction of bile and digest duct. The effect of unique chemical treatment was not perfect. It did’t generally propose the treatment of orthotopic liver transplantation.
ConclusionThe perfect prognosis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma is depended on early diagnosis and redical surgery.

Citation： LI Bo,YAN Lnan.. Diagnosis and Treatment of Hilar Cholangiocarcinomas. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2005, 12(4): 356-360. doi: Copy

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2.	Khan SA, Davidson BR, Goldin R, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma: consensus document [J]. Gut, 2002; 51（Suppl 6）∶VI 1.
3.	Launois B, Reding R, Lebeau G, et al. Surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: French experience in a collective survey of 552 extrahepatic bile duct cancers [J]. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 2000; 7(2)∶128.
4.	Kitagawa Y, Nagino M, Kamiya J, et al. Lymph node metastasis from hilar cholangiocarcinoma: audit of 110 patients who underwent regional and paraaortic node dissection [J]. Ann Surg, 2001; 233(3)∶385.
5.	Ashida K, Terada T, Kitamura Y, et al. Expression of Ecadherin, alphacatenin, betacatenin, and CD44 (standard and variant isoforms) in human cholangiocarcinoma: an immunohistochemical study [J]. Hepatology, 1998; 27(4)∶974.
6.	Tamada K, Nagai H, Yasuda Y, et al. Transpapillary intraductal US prior to biliary drainage in the assessment of longitudinal spread of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma [J]. Gastrointest Endosc, 2001; 53(3)∶300.
7.	Kluge R, Schmidt F, Caca K, et al. Positron emission tomography with [(18)F]fluoro2deoxyDglucose for diagnosis and staging of bile duct cancer [J]. Hepatology, 2001; 33(5)∶1029.
8.	Cormier JN, Vauthey JN. Biliary tract cancer [J]. Curr Opin Gastroenterol, 2000; 16(5)∶437.
9.	Kang YK, Kim WH, Lee HW, et al. Mutation of p53 and Kras, and loss of heterozygosity of APC in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma [J]. Lab Invest, 1999; 79(4)∶477.
10.	Fiorentino M, Altimari A, D’Errico A, et al. Low p27 expression is an independent predictor of survival for patients with either hilar or peripheral intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma [J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2001; 7(12)∶3994ＺＫ).
11.	Ito Y, Miyoshi E, Takeda T, et al. Ets1 expression in extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma and cholangiocellular carcinoma [J]. Oncology, 2000; 58(3)∶248).
12.	Argani P,Kuhajda FP,Wilentz RE, et al. Consistent overexpression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) in biliary tract carcinomas: a novel target for antibiliary tract cancer drug development? [J]. Modern Pathology, 2001; 14(5)∶192A.
13.	Sirica AE, Lai GH, Endo K, et al. Cyclooxygenase2 and ERBB2 in cholangiocarcinoma: potential therapeutic targets [J]. Semin Liver Dis, 2002; 22(3)∶303.
14.	李哲夫，王一，李洪，等. 肿瘤标志物联合检测在肝门胆管癌诊治中的价值 [J]. 中华肝胆外科杂志， 2002； 8（4）∶238.
15.	Todoroki T, Kawamoto T, Koike N, et al. Radical resection of hilar bile duct carcinoma and predictors of survival [J]. Br J Surg, 2000; 87(3)∶306.
16.	Burke EC, Jarnagin WR, Hochwald SN, et al. Hilar cholangiocarcinoma: patterns of spread, the importance of hepatic resection for curative operation, and a presurgical clinical staging system [J]. Ann Surg, 1998; 228(3)∶385.
17.	Nagino M, Kamiya J, Uesaka K, et al. Complications of hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma [J]. World J Surg, 2001; 25(10)∶1277.
18.	Kadry Z, Malekkiani N, Clavien PA. Treatment of primary and secondary liver malignancy [J]. Swiss Med Wkly, 2001; 131(23-24)∶338.
19.	Farges O, Belghiti J, Kianmanesh R, et al. Portal vein embolization before right hepatectomy: prospective clinical trial [J]. Ann Surg, 2003; 237(2)∶208.
20.	Cowling MG, Adam AN. Interal stenting in malignant biliary obstruction [J]. World J Surg, 2001; 25(3)∶355.
21.	Nomura M, Yamakado K, Nomoto Y, et al. Clinical efficacy of brachytherapy combined with externalbeam radiotherapy and repeated arterial infusion chemotherapy in patients with unresectable extrahepatic bile duct cancer [J]. Int J Oncol, 2002; 20(2)∶325.
22.	Mezawa S, Homma H, Sato T, et al. A study of carboplatincoated tube for the unresectable cholangiocarcinoma [J]. Hepatology, 2000; 32(5)∶916.
23.	Berr F, Wiedmann M, Tannapfel A, et al. Photodynamic therapy for advanced bile duct cancer: evidence for improved palliation and extended survival [J]. Hepatology, 2000; 31(2)∶291.
24.	Meyer CG, Penn I, James L. Liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma: results in 207 patients [J]. Transplantation, 2000; 69(8)∶1633.
25.	Ahuja V, Garg PK, Kumar D, et al. Presence of white bile associated with lower survival in malignant biliary obstruction [J]. Gastrointest Endosc, 2002; 55(2)∶186.
26.	Mikami T, Saegusa M, Mitomi H, et al. Significant correlations of Ecadherin, catenin, and CD44 variant form expression with carcinoma cell differentiation and prognosis of extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas [J]. Am J Clin Pathol, 2001; 116(3)∶369.
27.	Malats N, Porta M, Pinol JL, et al. Kiras mutations as a prognostic factor in extrahepatic bile system cancer. PANKras Ⅰ Project Investigators [J]. J Clin Oncol， 1995; 13(7)∶1679.
28.	He P, Shi JS, Chen WK, et al. Multivariate statistical analysis of clinicopathologic actors influencing surviual of patients with bile duct carcinoma [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2002; 8(5)∶943.

1. de Groen PC, Gores GJ, LaRusso NF, et al. Biliary tract cancers [J]. N Engl J Med, 1999; 341(18)∶1368.
2. Khan SA, Davidson BR, Goldin R, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma: consensus document [J]. Gut, 2002; 51（Suppl 6）∶VI 1.
3. Launois B, Reding R, Lebeau G, et al. Surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: French experience in a collective survey of 552 extrahepatic bile duct cancers [J]. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 2000; 7(2)∶128.
4. Kitagawa Y, Nagino M, Kamiya J, et al. Lymph node metastasis from hilar cholangiocarcinoma: audit of 110 patients who underwent regional and paraaortic node dissection [J]. Ann Surg, 2001; 233(3)∶385.
5. Ashida K, Terada T, Kitamura Y, et al. Expression of Ecadherin, alphacatenin, betacatenin, and CD44 (standard and variant isoforms) in human cholangiocarcinoma: an immunohistochemical study [J]. Hepatology, 1998; 27(4)∶974.
6. Tamada K, Nagai H, Yasuda Y, et al. Transpapillary intraductal US prior to biliary drainage in the assessment of longitudinal spread of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma [J]. Gastrointest Endosc, 2001; 53(3)∶300.
7. Kluge R, Schmidt F, Caca K, et al. Positron emission tomography with [(18)F]fluoro2deoxyDglucose for diagnosis and staging of bile duct cancer [J]. Hepatology, 2001; 33(5)∶1029.
8. Cormier JN, Vauthey JN. Biliary tract cancer [J]. Curr Opin Gastroenterol, 2000; 16(5)∶437.
9. Kang YK, Kim WH, Lee HW, et al. Mutation of p53 and Kras, and loss of heterozygosity of APC in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma [J]. Lab Invest, 1999; 79(4)∶477.
10. Fiorentino M, Altimari A, D’Errico A, et al. Low p27 expression is an independent predictor of survival for patients with either hilar or peripheral intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma [J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2001; 7(12)∶3994ＺＫ).
11. Ito Y, Miyoshi E, Takeda T, et al. Ets1 expression in extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma and cholangiocellular carcinoma [J]. Oncology, 2000; 58(3)∶248).
12. Argani P,Kuhajda FP,Wilentz RE, et al. Consistent overexpression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) in biliary tract carcinomas: a novel target for antibiliary tract cancer drug development? [J]. Modern Pathology, 2001; 14(5)∶192A.
13. Sirica AE, Lai GH, Endo K, et al. Cyclooxygenase2 and ERBB2 in cholangiocarcinoma: potential therapeutic targets [J]. Semin Liver Dis, 2002; 22(3)∶303.
14. 李哲夫，王一，李洪，等. 肿瘤标志物联合检测在肝门胆管癌诊治中的价值 [J]. 中华肝胆外科杂志， 2002； 8（4）∶238.
15. Todoroki T, Kawamoto T, Koike N, et al. Radical resection of hilar bile duct carcinoma and predictors of survival [J]. Br J Surg, 2000; 87(3)∶306.
16. Burke EC, Jarnagin WR, Hochwald SN, et al. Hilar cholangiocarcinoma: patterns of spread, the importance of hepatic resection for curative operation, and a presurgical clinical staging system [J]. Ann Surg, 1998; 228(3)∶385.
17. Nagino M, Kamiya J, Uesaka K, et al. Complications of hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma [J]. World J Surg, 2001; 25(10)∶1277.
18. Kadry Z, Malekkiani N, Clavien PA. Treatment of primary and secondary liver malignancy [J]. Swiss Med Wkly, 2001; 131(23-24)∶338.
19. Farges O, Belghiti J, Kianmanesh R, et al. Portal vein embolization before right hepatectomy: prospective clinical trial [J]. Ann Surg, 2003; 237(2)∶208.
20. Cowling MG, Adam AN. Interal stenting in malignant biliary obstruction [J]. World J Surg, 2001; 25(3)∶355.
21. Nomura M, Yamakado K, Nomoto Y, et al. Clinical efficacy of brachytherapy combined with externalbeam radiotherapy and repeated arterial infusion chemotherapy in patients with unresectable extrahepatic bile duct cancer [J]. Int J Oncol, 2002; 20(2)∶325.
22. Mezawa S, Homma H, Sato T, et al. A study of carboplatincoated tube for the unresectable cholangiocarcinoma [J]. Hepatology, 2000; 32(5)∶916.
23. Berr F, Wiedmann M, Tannapfel A, et al. Photodynamic therapy for advanced bile duct cancer: evidence for improved palliation and extended survival [J]. Hepatology, 2000; 31(2)∶291.
24. Meyer CG, Penn I, James L. Liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma: results in 207 patients [J]. Transplantation, 2000; 69(8)∶1633.
25. Ahuja V, Garg PK, Kumar D, et al. Presence of white bile associated with lower survival in malignant biliary obstruction [J]. Gastrointest Endosc, 2002; 55(2)∶186.
26. Mikami T, Saegusa M, Mitomi H, et al. Significant correlations of Ecadherin, catenin, and CD44 variant form expression with carcinoma cell differentiation and prognosis of extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas [J]. Am J Clin Pathol, 2001; 116(3)∶369.
27. Malats N, Porta M, Pinol JL, et al. Kiras mutations as a prognostic factor in extrahepatic bile system cancer. PANKras Ⅰ Project Investigators [J]. J Clin Oncol， 1995; 13(7)∶1679.
28. He P, Shi JS, Chen WK, et al. Multivariate statistical analysis of clinicopathologic actors influencing surviual of patients with bile duct carcinoma [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2002; 8(5)∶943.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Diagnosis and Treatment of Hilar Cholangiocarcinomas

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