美国癫痫学会(American Epilepsy Society,AES)年会是每年一度国际癫痫学界及工业界最受关注的会议。本年度的AES年会自2023年12月1日在奥兰多召开,为期5天,讨论了目前最受关注的癫痫学术领域及重点突破。本系列文章将分为五期,分别对大会每日的精彩内容进行荟萃报道:本文对大会第三日学术议程的内容进行了整理汇总,重点内容包括癫痫诊断及治疗的合理时机和最佳方案甄选,以及发育性癫痫性脑病、癫痫持续状态、基因性癫痫、术前评估、神经影像等热点话题。
Citation: 王培宇, 陆璐, 陈蕾, 周东. 2023美国癫痫学会年会荟萃报道(三). Journal of Epilepsy, 2024, 10(2): 170-176. doi: Copy
1. | Toledano M, Pittock SJ. Autoimmune Epilepsy. Seminars in Neurology, 2015, 35(3): 245-258. |
2. | Lv RJ, Ren HT, Guan HZ, et al. Seizure semiology: an important clinical clue to the diagnosis of autoimmune epilepsy. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, 2018, 5(2): 208-215. |
3. | Wirrell EC, Hood V, Knupp KG, et al. International consensus on diagnosis and management of Dravet syndrome. Epilepsia, 2022, 63(7): 1761-1777. |
4. | Chiron C, Helias M, Kaminska A, et al. Do children with Dravet syndrome continue to benefit from stiripentol for long through adulthood?. Epilepsia, 2018, 59(9): 1705-1717. |
5. | Bishop KI, Isquith PK, Gioia GA, et al. Improved everyday executive functioning following profound reduction in seizure frequency with fenfluramine: Analysis from a phase 3 long-term extension study in children/young adults with Dravet syndrome. Epilepsy & Behavior: E&B, 2021, 121(Pt A): 108024. |
6. | de Lange IM, Gunning B, Sonsma ACM, et al. Influence of contraindicated medication use on cognitive outcome in Dravet syndrome and age at first afebrile seizure as a clinical predictor in SCN1A-related seizure phenotypes. Epilepsia, 2018, 59(6): 1154-1165. |
7. | Wengert ER, Wagley PK, Strohm SM, et al. Targeted Augmentation of Nuclear Gene Output (TANGO) of Scn1a rescues parvalbumin interneuron excitability and reduces seizures in a mouse model of Dravet Syndrome. Brain Research, 2022, 1775: 147743. |
8. | Mauritz M, Hirsch LJ, Camfield P, et al. Acute symptomatic seizures: an educational, evidence-based review. Epileptic Disorders:International Epilepsy Journal with Videotape, 2022, 24(1): 26-49. |
9. | Leung H, Man CBL, Hui ACF, et al. Prognosticating acute symptomatic seizures using two different seizure outcomes. Epilepsia, 2010, 51(8): 1570-1579. |
10. | Marson A, Jacoby A, Johnson A, et al. Immediate versus deferred antiepileptic drug treatment for early epilepsy and single seizures: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2005, 365(9476): 2007-2013. |
11. | Glaser AC, Kanter JH, Martinez-Camblor P, et al. The Effect of Antiseizure Medication Administration on Mortality and Early Posttraumatic Seizures in Critically Ill Older Adults with Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurocritical Care, 2022, 37(2): 538-546. |
12. | Pingue V, Mele C, Nardone A. Post-traumatic seizures and antiepileptic therapy as predictors of the functional outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury. Scientific Reports, 2021, 11(1): 4708. |
13. | Pingue V, Mele C, Biscuola S, et al. Impact of seizures and their prophylaxis with antiepileptic drugs on rehabilitation course of patients with traumatic or hemorrhagic brain injury. Frontiers in Neurology, 2022, 13: 1060008. |
14. | Peter-Derex L, Philippeau F, Garnier P, et al. Safety and efficacy of prophylactic levetiracetam for prevention of epileptic seizures in the acute phase of intracerebral haemorrhage (PEACH): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. The Lancet. Neurology, 2022, 21(9): 781-791. |
15. | Koepp MJ, Trinka E, Mah YH, et al. Antiepileptogenesis after stroke-trials and tribulations: Methodological challenges and recruitment results of a Phase II study with eslicarbazepine acetate. Epilepsia Open, 2023, 8(3): 1190-1201. |
16. | Rho J M, Boison D. The metabolic basis of epilepsy. Nature Reviews. Neurology, 2022, 18(6): 333-347. |
17. | Martin-McGill KJ, Bresnahan R, Levy RG, et al. Ketogenic diets for drug-resistant epilepsy. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2020, 6(6): CD001903. |
18. | Cervenka MC, Wood S, Bagary M, et al. International Recommendations for the Management of Adults Treated With Ketogenic Diet Therapies. Neurology. Clinical Practice, 2021, 11(5): 385-397. |
19. | Lyons L, Schoeler NE, Langan D, et al. Use of ketogenic diet therapy in infants with epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsia, 2020, 61(6): 1261-1281. |
20. | Devi N, Madaan P, Kandoth N, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Dietary Therapies for Childhood Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. JAMA pediatrics, 2023, 177(3): 258-266. |
21. | Manral M, Dwivedi R, Gulati S, et al. Safety, Efficacy, and Tolerability of Modified Atkins Diet in Persons With Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Neurology, 2023, 100(13): e1376-e1385. |
22. | Archna N, Garg D, Goel S, et al. Modified Atkins diet versus levetiracetam for non-surgical drug-resistant epilepsy in children: a randomized open-label study. Seizure, 2022, 103: 61-67. |
23. | Kossoff EH, Zupec-Kania BA, Auvin S, et al. Optimal clinical management of children receiving dietary therapies for epilepsy: updated recommendations of the International Ketogenic Diet Study Group. Epilepsia Open, 2018, 3(2): 175-192. |
24. | Wickstrom R, Taraschenko O, Dilena R, et al. International consensus recommendations for management of New Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE) including Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES): Summary and Clinical Tools. Epilepsia, 2022, 63(11): 2827-2839. |
25. | Mo B, Jk K, Ea M, et al. Multi-day rhythms modulate seizure risk in epilepsy. Nature Communications, 2018, 9(1): 10253. |
26. | Karoly PJ, Stirling RE, Freestone DR, et al. Multiday cycles of heart rate are associated with seizure likelihood: An observational cohort study. EBioMedicine, 2021, 72: 103619. |
27. | Stirling RE, Cook MJ, Grayden DB, et al. Seizure forecasting and cyclic control of seizures. Epilepsia, 2021, 62 Suppl 1: S2–S14. |
28. | Wu JY, Goyal M, Peters J M, et al. Scalp EEG spikes predict impending epilepsy in TSC infants: A longitudinal observational study. Epilepsia, 2019, 60(12): 2428-2436. |
29. | Jóźwiak S, Kotulska K, Domańska-Pakieła D, et al. Antiepileptic treatment before the onset of seizures reduces epilepsy severity and risk of mental retardation in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex. European journal of paediatric neurology:EJPN:official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society, 2011, 15(5): 424-431. |
30. | Bebin EM, Peters JM, Porter BE, et al. Early treatment with vigabatrin does not decrease focal seizures or improve cognition in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: the PREVeNT trial. Annals of Neurology, 2023. |
31. | Golub VM, Reddy DS. Post-traumatic epilepsy and comorbidities: advanced models, molecular mechanisms, biomarkers, and novel therapeutic interventions. Pharmacological Reviews, 2022, 74(2): 387-438. |
32. | Pitkänen A, Paananen T, Kyyriäinen J, et al. Biomarkers for posttraumatic epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior: E&B, 2021, 121(Pt B): 107080. |
33. | Kim J A, Boyle E J, Wu A C, et al. Epileptiform activity in traumatic brain injury predicts post-traumatic epilepsy. Annals of Neurology, 2018, 83(4): 858-862. |
34. | Papadelis C, Perry M S. Localizing the Epileptogenic Zone with Novel Biomarkers. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 2021, 39: 100919. |
35. | Tamilia E, AlHilani M, Tanaka N, et al. Assessing the localization accuracy and clinical utility of electric and magnetic source imaging in children with epilepsy. Clinical Neurophysiology:Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2019, 130(4): 491-504. |
36. | Rampp S, Stefan H, Wu X, et al. Magnetoencephalography for epileptic focus localization in a series of 1000 cases. Brain:A Journal of Neurology, 2019, 142(10): 3059-3071. |
37. | Alhilani M, Tamilia E, Ricci L, et al. Ictal and interictal source imaging on intracranial EEG predicts epilepsy surgery outcome in children with focal cortical dysplasia. Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2020, 131(3): 734-743. |
38. | Chikara R K, Jahromi S, Tamilia E, et al. Electromagnetic source imaging predicts surgical outcome in children with focal cortical dysplasia. Clinical Neurophysiology:Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2023, 153: 88-101. |
39. | Rijal S, Corona L, Perry M S, et al. Functional connectivity discriminates epileptogenic states and predicts surgical outcome in children with drug resistant epilepsy. Scientific Reports, 2023, 13(1): 9622. |
40. | Corona L, Tamilia E, Perry M S, et al. Non-invasive mapping of epileptogenic networks predicts surgical outcome. Brain:A Journal of Neurology, 2023, 146(5): 1916-1931. |
41. | Matarrese M A G, Loppini A, Fabbri L, et al. Spike propagation mapping reveals effective connectivity and predicts surgical outcome in epilepsy. Brain:A Journal of Neurology, 2023, 146(9): 3898-3912. |
42. | Tamilia E, Park E-H, Percivati S, et al. Surgical resection of ripple onset predicts outcome in pediatric epilepsy. Annals of Neurology, 2018, 84(3): 331-346. |
43. | Snider S B, Fong M W K, Nolan N M, et al. Clinical and Electroencephalographic Predictors of Seizures and Status Epilepticus in 12, 450 Critically Ill Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Critical Care Medicine, 2023, 51(8): 1001-1011. |
44. | Bonduelle T, Ollivier M, Trin K, et al. Association of Peri-ictal MRI Abnormalities With Mortality, Antiseizure Medication Refractoriness, and Morbidity in Status Epilepticus. Neurology, 2023, 100(9): e943-e953. |
45. | Subramaniam T, Jain A, Hall L T, et al. Lateralized periodic discharges frequency correlates with glucose metabolism. Neurology, 2019, 92(7): e670-e674. |
46. | Zafar S F, Rosenthal E S, Jing J, et al. Automated Annotation of Epileptiform Burden and Its Association with Outcomes. Annals of Neurology, 2021, 90(2): 300-311. |
47. | Yerram S, Katyal N, Premkumar K, et al. Seizure prophylaxis in the neuroscience intensive care unit. Journal of Intensive Care, 2018, 6: 17. |
48. | Ngan Kee N, Foster E, Marquina C, et al. Systematic Review of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Surgical and Neurostimulation Treatments for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in Adults. Neurology, 2023, 100(18): e1866-e1877. |
49. | Pelliccia V, Deleo F, Gozzo F, et al. Early and late epilepsy surgery in focal epilepsies associated with long-term epilepsy-associated tumors. Journal of Neurosurgery, 2017, 127(5): 1147-1152. |
50. | Sperling M R, Barshow S, Nei M, et al. A reappraisal of mortality after epilepsy surgery. Neurology, 2016, 86(21): 1938-1944. |
51. | Schmidlechner T, Zaddach M, Heinen F, et al. IQ changes after pediatric epilepsy surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Neurology, 2023. |
52. | Arfaie S, Amin P, Kwan A T H, et al. Long-term full-scale intelligent quotient outcomes following pediatric and childhood epilepsy surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Seizure, 2023, 106: 58-67. |
53. | Berl M M, Koop J I, Ailion A, et al. Leveraging expertise and optimizing clinical research: Initial success of a pediatric epilepsy surgery collaborative. Epilepsia, 2023, 64(6): 1554-1567. |
54. | Cornwall C D, Krøigård T, Kristensen J S S, et al. Outcomes and Treatment Approaches for Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA neurology, 2023, 80(9): 959-968. |
55. | Alexopoulos A, Lachhwani D K, Gupta A, et al. Resective surgery to treat refractory status epilepticus in children with focal epileptogenesis. Neurology, 2005, 64(3): 567-570. |
56. | Bhatia S, Ahmad F, Miller I, et al. Surgical treatment of refractory status epilepticus in children: clinical article. Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics, 2013, 12(4): 360-366. |
57. | Jagtap S A, Kurwale N, Patil S, et al. Role of epilepsy surgery in refractory status epilepticus in children. Epilepsy Research, 2021, 176: 106744. |
58. | Basha M M, Suchdev K, Dhakar M, et al. Acute Resective Surgery for the Treatment of Refractory Status Epilepticus. Neurocritical Care, 2017, 27(3): 370-380. |
59. | Sobstyl M, Stapińska-Syniec A, Rylski M. Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus. Seizure, 2020, 81: 58-62. |
60. | Dibué-Adjei M, Brigo F, Yamamoto T, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation in refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus - A systematic review. Brain Stimulation, 2019, 12(5): 1101-1110. |
61. | Ernst L D, Raslan A M, Wabulya A, et al. Responsive neurostimulation as a treatment for super-refractory focal status epilepticus: a systematic review and case series. Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023: 1–9. |
- 1. Toledano M, Pittock SJ. Autoimmune Epilepsy. Seminars in Neurology, 2015, 35(3): 245-258.
- 2. Lv RJ, Ren HT, Guan HZ, et al. Seizure semiology: an important clinical clue to the diagnosis of autoimmune epilepsy. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, 2018, 5(2): 208-215.
- 3. Wirrell EC, Hood V, Knupp KG, et al. International consensus on diagnosis and management of Dravet syndrome. Epilepsia, 2022, 63(7): 1761-1777.
- 4. Chiron C, Helias M, Kaminska A, et al. Do children with Dravet syndrome continue to benefit from stiripentol for long through adulthood?. Epilepsia, 2018, 59(9): 1705-1717.
- 5. Bishop KI, Isquith PK, Gioia GA, et al. Improved everyday executive functioning following profound reduction in seizure frequency with fenfluramine: Analysis from a phase 3 long-term extension study in children/young adults with Dravet syndrome. Epilepsy & Behavior: E&B, 2021, 121(Pt A): 108024.
- 6. de Lange IM, Gunning B, Sonsma ACM, et al. Influence of contraindicated medication use on cognitive outcome in Dravet syndrome and age at first afebrile seizure as a clinical predictor in SCN1A-related seizure phenotypes. Epilepsia, 2018, 59(6): 1154-1165.
- 7. Wengert ER, Wagley PK, Strohm SM, et al. Targeted Augmentation of Nuclear Gene Output (TANGO) of Scn1a rescues parvalbumin interneuron excitability and reduces seizures in a mouse model of Dravet Syndrome. Brain Research, 2022, 1775: 147743.
- 8. Mauritz M, Hirsch LJ, Camfield P, et al. Acute symptomatic seizures: an educational, evidence-based review. Epileptic Disorders:International Epilepsy Journal with Videotape, 2022, 24(1): 26-49.
- 9. Leung H, Man CBL, Hui ACF, et al. Prognosticating acute symptomatic seizures using two different seizure outcomes. Epilepsia, 2010, 51(8): 1570-1579.
- 10. Marson A, Jacoby A, Johnson A, et al. Immediate versus deferred antiepileptic drug treatment for early epilepsy and single seizures: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2005, 365(9476): 2007-2013.
- 11. Glaser AC, Kanter JH, Martinez-Camblor P, et al. The Effect of Antiseizure Medication Administration on Mortality and Early Posttraumatic Seizures in Critically Ill Older Adults with Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurocritical Care, 2022, 37(2): 538-546.
- 12. Pingue V, Mele C, Nardone A. Post-traumatic seizures and antiepileptic therapy as predictors of the functional outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury. Scientific Reports, 2021, 11(1): 4708.
- 13. Pingue V, Mele C, Biscuola S, et al. Impact of seizures and their prophylaxis with antiepileptic drugs on rehabilitation course of patients with traumatic or hemorrhagic brain injury. Frontiers in Neurology, 2022, 13: 1060008.
- 14. Peter-Derex L, Philippeau F, Garnier P, et al. Safety and efficacy of prophylactic levetiracetam for prevention of epileptic seizures in the acute phase of intracerebral haemorrhage (PEACH): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. The Lancet. Neurology, 2022, 21(9): 781-791.
- 15. Koepp MJ, Trinka E, Mah YH, et al. Antiepileptogenesis after stroke-trials and tribulations: Methodological challenges and recruitment results of a Phase II study with eslicarbazepine acetate. Epilepsia Open, 2023, 8(3): 1190-1201.
- 16. Rho J M, Boison D. The metabolic basis of epilepsy. Nature Reviews. Neurology, 2022, 18(6): 333-347.
- 17. Martin-McGill KJ, Bresnahan R, Levy RG, et al. Ketogenic diets for drug-resistant epilepsy. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2020, 6(6): CD001903.
- 18. Cervenka MC, Wood S, Bagary M, et al. International Recommendations for the Management of Adults Treated With Ketogenic Diet Therapies. Neurology. Clinical Practice, 2021, 11(5): 385-397.
- 19. Lyons L, Schoeler NE, Langan D, et al. Use of ketogenic diet therapy in infants with epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsia, 2020, 61(6): 1261-1281.
- 20. Devi N, Madaan P, Kandoth N, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Dietary Therapies for Childhood Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. JAMA pediatrics, 2023, 177(3): 258-266.
- 21. Manral M, Dwivedi R, Gulati S, et al. Safety, Efficacy, and Tolerability of Modified Atkins Diet in Persons With Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Neurology, 2023, 100(13): e1376-e1385.
- 22. Archna N, Garg D, Goel S, et al. Modified Atkins diet versus levetiracetam for non-surgical drug-resistant epilepsy in children: a randomized open-label study. Seizure, 2022, 103: 61-67.
- 23. Kossoff EH, Zupec-Kania BA, Auvin S, et al. Optimal clinical management of children receiving dietary therapies for epilepsy: updated recommendations of the International Ketogenic Diet Study Group. Epilepsia Open, 2018, 3(2): 175-192.
- 24. Wickstrom R, Taraschenko O, Dilena R, et al. International consensus recommendations for management of New Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE) including Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES): Summary and Clinical Tools. Epilepsia, 2022, 63(11): 2827-2839.
- 25. Mo B, Jk K, Ea M, et al. Multi-day rhythms modulate seizure risk in epilepsy. Nature Communications, 2018, 9(1): 10253.
- 26. Karoly PJ, Stirling RE, Freestone DR, et al. Multiday cycles of heart rate are associated with seizure likelihood: An observational cohort study. EBioMedicine, 2021, 72: 103619.
- 27. Stirling RE, Cook MJ, Grayden DB, et al. Seizure forecasting and cyclic control of seizures. Epilepsia, 2021, 62 Suppl 1: S2–S14.
- 28. Wu JY, Goyal M, Peters J M, et al. Scalp EEG spikes predict impending epilepsy in TSC infants: A longitudinal observational study. Epilepsia, 2019, 60(12): 2428-2436.
- 29. Jóźwiak S, Kotulska K, Domańska-Pakieła D, et al. Antiepileptic treatment before the onset of seizures reduces epilepsy severity and risk of mental retardation in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex. European journal of paediatric neurology:EJPN:official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society, 2011, 15(5): 424-431.
- 30. Bebin EM, Peters JM, Porter BE, et al. Early treatment with vigabatrin does not decrease focal seizures or improve cognition in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: the PREVeNT trial. Annals of Neurology, 2023.
- 31. Golub VM, Reddy DS. Post-traumatic epilepsy and comorbidities: advanced models, molecular mechanisms, biomarkers, and novel therapeutic interventions. Pharmacological Reviews, 2022, 74(2): 387-438.
- 32. Pitkänen A, Paananen T, Kyyriäinen J, et al. Biomarkers for posttraumatic epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior: E&B, 2021, 121(Pt B): 107080.
- 33. Kim J A, Boyle E J, Wu A C, et al. Epileptiform activity in traumatic brain injury predicts post-traumatic epilepsy. Annals of Neurology, 2018, 83(4): 858-862.
- 34. Papadelis C, Perry M S. Localizing the Epileptogenic Zone with Novel Biomarkers. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 2021, 39: 100919.
- 35. Tamilia E, AlHilani M, Tanaka N, et al. Assessing the localization accuracy and clinical utility of electric and magnetic source imaging in children with epilepsy. Clinical Neurophysiology:Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2019, 130(4): 491-504.
- 36. Rampp S, Stefan H, Wu X, et al. Magnetoencephalography for epileptic focus localization in a series of 1000 cases. Brain:A Journal of Neurology, 2019, 142(10): 3059-3071.
- 37. Alhilani M, Tamilia E, Ricci L, et al. Ictal and interictal source imaging on intracranial EEG predicts epilepsy surgery outcome in children with focal cortical dysplasia. Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2020, 131(3): 734-743.
- 38. Chikara R K, Jahromi S, Tamilia E, et al. Electromagnetic source imaging predicts surgical outcome in children with focal cortical dysplasia. Clinical Neurophysiology:Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2023, 153: 88-101.
- 39. Rijal S, Corona L, Perry M S, et al. Functional connectivity discriminates epileptogenic states and predicts surgical outcome in children with drug resistant epilepsy. Scientific Reports, 2023, 13(1): 9622.
- 40. Corona L, Tamilia E, Perry M S, et al. Non-invasive mapping of epileptogenic networks predicts surgical outcome. Brain:A Journal of Neurology, 2023, 146(5): 1916-1931.
- 41. Matarrese M A G, Loppini A, Fabbri L, et al. Spike propagation mapping reveals effective connectivity and predicts surgical outcome in epilepsy. Brain:A Journal of Neurology, 2023, 146(9): 3898-3912.
- 42. Tamilia E, Park E-H, Percivati S, et al. Surgical resection of ripple onset predicts outcome in pediatric epilepsy. Annals of Neurology, 2018, 84(3): 331-346.
- 43. Snider S B, Fong M W K, Nolan N M, et al. Clinical and Electroencephalographic Predictors of Seizures and Status Epilepticus in 12, 450 Critically Ill Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Critical Care Medicine, 2023, 51(8): 1001-1011.
- 44. Bonduelle T, Ollivier M, Trin K, et al. Association of Peri-ictal MRI Abnormalities With Mortality, Antiseizure Medication Refractoriness, and Morbidity in Status Epilepticus. Neurology, 2023, 100(9): e943-e953.
- 45. Subramaniam T, Jain A, Hall L T, et al. Lateralized periodic discharges frequency correlates with glucose metabolism. Neurology, 2019, 92(7): e670-e674.
- 46. Zafar S F, Rosenthal E S, Jing J, et al. Automated Annotation of Epileptiform Burden and Its Association with Outcomes. Annals of Neurology, 2021, 90(2): 300-311.
- 47. Yerram S, Katyal N, Premkumar K, et al. Seizure prophylaxis in the neuroscience intensive care unit. Journal of Intensive Care, 2018, 6: 17.
- 48. Ngan Kee N, Foster E, Marquina C, et al. Systematic Review of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Surgical and Neurostimulation Treatments for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in Adults. Neurology, 2023, 100(18): e1866-e1877.
- 49. Pelliccia V, Deleo F, Gozzo F, et al. Early and late epilepsy surgery in focal epilepsies associated with long-term epilepsy-associated tumors. Journal of Neurosurgery, 2017, 127(5): 1147-1152.
- 50. Sperling M R, Barshow S, Nei M, et al. A reappraisal of mortality after epilepsy surgery. Neurology, 2016, 86(21): 1938-1944.
- 51. Schmidlechner T, Zaddach M, Heinen F, et al. IQ changes after pediatric epilepsy surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Neurology, 2023.
- 52. Arfaie S, Amin P, Kwan A T H, et al. Long-term full-scale intelligent quotient outcomes following pediatric and childhood epilepsy surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Seizure, 2023, 106: 58-67.
- 53. Berl M M, Koop J I, Ailion A, et al. Leveraging expertise and optimizing clinical research: Initial success of a pediatric epilepsy surgery collaborative. Epilepsia, 2023, 64(6): 1554-1567.
- 54. Cornwall C D, Krøigård T, Kristensen J S S, et al. Outcomes and Treatment Approaches for Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA neurology, 2023, 80(9): 959-968.
- 55. Alexopoulos A, Lachhwani D K, Gupta A, et al. Resective surgery to treat refractory status epilepticus in children with focal epileptogenesis. Neurology, 2005, 64(3): 567-570.
- 56. Bhatia S, Ahmad F, Miller I, et al. Surgical treatment of refractory status epilepticus in children: clinical article. Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics, 2013, 12(4): 360-366.
- 57. Jagtap S A, Kurwale N, Patil S, et al. Role of epilepsy surgery in refractory status epilepticus in children. Epilepsy Research, 2021, 176: 106744.
- 58. Basha M M, Suchdev K, Dhakar M, et al. Acute Resective Surgery for the Treatment of Refractory Status Epilepticus. Neurocritical Care, 2017, 27(3): 370-380.
- 59. Sobstyl M, Stapińska-Syniec A, Rylski M. Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus. Seizure, 2020, 81: 58-62.
- 60. Dibué-Adjei M, Brigo F, Yamamoto T, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation in refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus - A systematic review. Brain Stimulation, 2019, 12(5): 1101-1110.
- 61. Ernst L D, Raslan A M, Wabulya A, et al. Responsive neurostimulation as a treatment for super-refractory focal status epilepticus: a systematic review and case series. Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023: 1–9.