Objective To analyze the contents of collagen type Ⅰ, type Ⅲ and the ratio of collagen type Ⅰ to collagen type Ⅲ in posterior rectus sheath of different person. Methods One hundred and four tissues specimen of posterior rectus sheath were obtained during patients’ abdominal operation. The contents of collagen type Ⅰand type Ⅲ were detected by using immunohistochemistry methods. The differences of collagen contents between male and female, physical work group and non-physical work group, smoking group and non-smoking group were observed. The relationships between the contents of collagen and age, body mass index (BMI), and height were analyzed, respectively. Results ① The content of collagen typeⅠand the ratio of collagen type Ⅰ／Ⅲ were both lower in male than those in female （Plt;0.01）； there were no obvious differences in the content of collagen type Ⅲ and the total amount of collagen （Pgt;0.05）. ② There were no differences between physical work group and non-physical work group with the amount and the ratio of collagens （Pgt;0.05）. ③ When compared with non-smoking group, less collagen typeⅠ(Plt;0.01) and lower ratio of collagen Ⅰ／Ⅲ （Plt;0.05） were found in smoking group； but there was no difference with content of collagen Ⅲ（Pgt;0.05）, as well as the total amount of collagen （Pgt;0.05）. ④ The total amount of collagen, the content of collagen type Ⅰand the ratio of collagen Ⅰ／Ⅲ all decreased as age increases （r=0.341, 0.392, 0.212， P＜0.001, Plt;0.05）； no obvious change was observed in the content of collagen Ⅲ （r=0.089， Pgt;0.05）. ⑤ The content and ratio of collagen had no obvious relationships with BMI and height （Pgt;0.05）. Conclusion Smoking, gender and age are all influential factors of the content and ratio of collagens in the tissue.