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微创胸膜腔置管注入尿激酶治疗结核性胸腔积液

【摘要】 目的 探讨微创胸膜腔置入中心静脉导管(简称导管)注入尿激酶治疗结核性包裹性胸腔积液(简称积液)的临床价值。方法 2008年6月-2009年8月在正规抗结核治疗基础上,选取确诊积液患者72例,按数字随机法分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组36例经超声引导导管置入胸膜腔并注入生理盐水50 mL加尿激酶10万 U,对照组36例多次穿刺抽液,比较两组疗效及积液引流量、胸膜厚度、积液吸收时间等。结果 治疗组28例显效,5例好转,3例无效;对照组10例显效,13例好转,13例无效,两组疗效差异具有统计学意义(Plt;0.05)。治疗组与对照组平均积液引流量分别为1 421 mL和756 mL,胸膜厚度分别为(1.9±0.4) mm和(3.7±1.2) mm,积液吸收时间分别为(13.3±1.2)d和(17.3±1.6)d,两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(Plt;0.05)。结论 超声引导导管置入胸膜腔并注入尿激酶治疗结核性包裹性胸腔积液疗效显著,可增加引流量,减轻胸膜肥厚,改善肺功能,减少穿刺机会。

胃癌患者中心静脉导管的护理改进

【摘要】目的探讨改进胃癌患者中心静脉导管护理的可行性。方法从2009年开始对胃癌患者中心静脉导管的护理流程、导管附件、贴膜及贴膜更换时间等方面进行了改进。结果180例胃癌患者中心静脉导管留置期间出现并发症明显减少,特别在导管相关性感染方面取得很好效果,无大批感染。结论改进胃癌患者中心静脉导管护理可减少护理过程中的并发症。

弹力绷带在经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管置管中的固定作用及效果

目的　讨论弹力绷带在经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管（PICC）置管中的固定作用及对减少局部渗血、渗液和预防机械性静脉炎的效果。 方法　选择2011年6月－2012年3月在某三甲医院重症医学科（ICU）行PICC置管的100例患者，按穿刺时间先后顺序单号纳入对照组，双号归于试验组,每组各50例。对照组置管后在穿刺局部放置8层无菌方纱，外用 10 cm×12 cm的透明敷料外固定；试验组在对照组的基础上增加弹力绷带固定,分别观察两组患者置管后24、72 h局部渗血、渗液、机械性静脉炎的发生情况。 结果　在24、72 h两个时间点，试验组渗血、渗液发生率少于对照组（χ2=4.57，P＜0.05）；静脉炎发生率在24 h时低于对照组（χ2=4.00，P＜0.05），但在72 h差异无统计学意义。 结论　PICC置管患者使用弹力绷带固定不仅可防止穿刺点渗血渗液，减少机械性静脉炎的发生，而且可减轻护士工作量，值得临床推广使用。

Progress in prevention and control strategies for peripheral inserted central catheter-related bloodstreams infection

Peripheral inserted central catheter (PICC) is the most commonly used central venous catheter in hospitalized patients, and catheter-related bloodstreams infection (CRBSI) is one of the most serious complications during PICC retention, which can affect patient prognosis and treatment. Reducing the incidence of intravascular CRBSI is one of the goals of medical quality and safety management, which continues to attract the attention of domestic and foreign experts and scholars. Authoritative institutions at home and abroad have successively issued a series of prevention and control guidelines and expert consensus, and related research on risk assessment of CRBSI is also rapidly developing. This article reviews the risk assessment, prevention and control measures, and information monitoring and feedback of PICC-related bloodstreams infection, in order to provide reference for building a PICC-related bloodstreams infection prevention and control system.

经外周穿刺置入的中心静脉导管留置期间导管多处弯曲移位一例

Clinical Efficacy of Comfeel Transparent Paste in Treating Peripheral Inserted Central Cathether-associated Allergic Dermatitis

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and nursing strategy of Comfeel transparent paste in treating peripheral inserted central catheter (PICC)-associated allergic dermatitis. MethodsSixty patients with PICC puncture-associated local allergic dermatitis treated between June 2011 and March 2013 were randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 30 patients in each group. The experimental group was treated with dexamethasone sodium phosphate and Comfeel transparent paste, while the control group was treated with dexamethasone sodium phosphate and 3M transparent dressing. The curative effect was compared between the two methods. ResultsTwelve patients were cured with a curing rate of 40.0% in the control group and 22 patients were cured, and the curing rate was 73.3% in the experimental group. The difference between them was significant (P<0.05). ConclusionTreatment with dexamethasone sodium phosphate and Comfeel transparent paste for PICC-associated allergic dermatitis is quite effective, and the patients felt comfortable with low pains. In addition, it reduces the extubation rate of PICC and improves the care quality.

Diagnostic accuracy of X-ray imaging for the tip position of umbilical venous catheter: a meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and efficacy of X-ray for evaluating the tip position of umbilical venous catheterization (UVC). MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect diagnostic tests for UVC tip localisation from inception to 1 May 2023. Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted the data and assessed the quality of the studies using the QUADAS-2 tool. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 16.0 software. Results Twelve articles involving 1 055 patients were included. The sensitivity and specificity of Negar Yazdani’s study were both 100%. The results of the meta-analysis (the remaining eleven articles, n=951) indicated a pooled sensitivity of 0.7 (95%CI 0.6 to 0.8), a pooled specificity of 0.8 (95%CI 0.7 to 0.9), a positive likelihood ratio of 4.0 (95%CI 2.0 to 8.1), a negative likelihood ratio of 0.4 (95%CI 0.2 to 0.6) and a diagnostic odds ratio of 11 (95%CI 3 to 36) with an area under the cumulative receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.8 (95%CI 0.8 to 0.9). A subgroup analysis was performed according to the different methods of judging X, the 8th–9th thoracic, the 9th–10th thoracic and combined judgement of the diaphragmatic plane + the vertebral body + the heart shadow. The sensitivities of the 3 groups were 0.8 (95%CI 0.5 to 0.9), 0.5 (95%CI 0.4 to 0.7) and 0.8 (95%CI 0.6 to 0.9); the specificities of the 3 groups were 0.8 (95%CI 0.6 to 0.9), 0.76 (95%CI 0.6 to 0.9) and 0.91 (95%CI 0.79 to 0.96). The areas under the cumulative receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.9 (95%CI 0.8 to 0.9), 0.7 (95%CI 0.6 to 0.7) and 0.92 (95%CI 0.89 to 0.94). ConclusionSome error is present when determining the catheter tip position by X-ray, in which the evaluation of the umbilical vein catheter tip position through a comprehensive evaluation of the diaphragmatic plane, the heart margin and the vertebral body is more powerful than the evaluation of the vertebral body alone.

经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管术与锁骨下静脉插管在造血干细胞移植治疗中的应用效果

目的　探讨经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管（PICC)术在造血干细胞移植患者中的应用。 方法　将2008年2月－2011年6月入住我院并接受造血干细胞移植的95例患者按自愿选择原则，49例纳入观察组采用PICC置管，46例纳入对照组采用锁骨下静脉置管，比较两组静脉穿刺置管时间、一次置管成功率、静脉置管的液体流速及并发症发生情况。 结果　穿刺置管时间观察组平均为16 min，对照组平均为24 min，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；观察组一次置管成功率97.91%，对照组一次置管成功率82.60%，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；观察组静脉置管液体流速最大（118 ± 1）滴/min，对照组则为（184 ± 1）滴/min，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；观察组并发症发生率低，但两组比较差异无统计学意义。 结论　PICC静脉穿刺置管时间短，一次穿刺成功率高，并发症发生率低，静脉液体流速完全能满足治疗需要，值得在造血干细胞移植治疗中推广应用。

乳腺癌患者患侧上肢经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管的护理

目的　探讨乳腺癌患者患侧上肢置入中心静脉导管的护理方法。 方法　2009年2月－2012年7月，对28例健侧血管条件差的乳腺癌患者患侧上肢贵要静脉置入中心静脉导管，其中4例患者先行术前新辅助化学疗法（化疗），术后再继续化疗；其余24例行术后化疗。 结果　1例因发生血栓性静脉炎而拔出导管，其余均按计划顺利完成化疗。 结论　乳腺癌患者健侧静脉条件较差。术后若患侧上肢无水肿，只要置管操作娴熟，严格无菌技术，规范维护导管技术，从患侧上肢贵要静脉置入中心静脉导管，并发症发生率较低，对临床有一定的指导意义。

化学疗法经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管路径医护一体化管理模式探讨

【摘要】　目的　总结肿瘤患者化学疗法经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管（peripherally inserted central catheter， PICC）路径医护一体化管理模式的经验与效果，提高医护团队的工作效率。　方法　针对化学疗法PICC路径管理前医护合作存在的问题，通过优化配置医护团队，建立PICC临床路径管理制度，规范PICC技术操作、技术维护质量标准等措施，实现PICC医护一体化管理模式。　结果　医护一体化管理模式能有效地提高医护工作效率，降低PICC并发症，患者满意度提高。　结论　实施肿瘤患者化学疗法PICC路径医护一体化的管理模式，使护理工作流程更加合理化，PICC技术管理更加规范，可为患者节约住院费用，并加快病床周转。