目的 探讨神经外科危重患者经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(PICC)的常见并发症发生原因,同时总结并发症有效预防措施及护理对策。 方法 纳入2009年9月-2012年9月期间行PICC的190例神经外科重症住院患者,统计并发症发生率,对其原因进行分析,并开展针对性预防和护理。 结果 本组患者PICC置管后有75例发生不同类型并发症,其中置管时并发症17例,包括导管异位8例,送管困难6例,穿刺失败3例,发生率为9%;导管留置期间并发症58例,包括穿刺点渗血、渗液16例,意外拔管12例,静脉炎10例,导管部分脱出9例,导管堵塞7例,导管相关性感染3例,导管相关性静脉血栓1例,发生率为30.5%。根据其发生的不同原因,采取积极的治疗和护理措施,并发症得以治愈,降低了并发症发生率。 结论 规范护理流程,加强临床培训,熟悉和掌握PICC并发症的预防和护理措施,可提高PICC置管、使用的安全性。
目的:通过经外周静脉穿刺中心静脉置管(PICC)或锁骨下静脉置管与前臂静脉留置针在血液病患者并发深部真菌感染时应用两性霉素B中的比较,探讨如何减少患者静脉炎及并发症发生率和再次静脉穿刺的发生率,从而提高患者生活质量。方法:80例血液病患者分为两组,40例PICC置管或锁骨下静脉置管组为A组,40例前臂静脉留置针为B组,记录静脉炎、疼痛发生情况、留置时间。结果:A组留置时间30~68天,B组留置时间1~5天;A组静脉炎率5%,B组静脉炎率45%;A组疼痛率5%,B组疼痛率35%;结论:在血液病患者并发深部真菌感染时应用两性霉素B治疗中,选用PICC置管或锁骨下静脉置管效果明显优于前臂静脉留置针,值得临床推广。
Objective To explore the risk factors of catheter-associated bloodstream infections ( CRBSI) in intensive care unit ( ICU) of primary hospital. Methods A total of 623 patients with central venous catheters were recruited in the study. 60 of themsuffered fromCRBSI served as an observation group and other 563 cases without CRBSI served as control. Univariate analysis was used to scan possible risk factors. Then logistic regression analysis was used to exclude the confounding factors. Results The overall incidence rate of CRBSI was 9. 63% ( 60 /623) . There were significant differences in APACHE score, type of catheter, location of catheter, duration of central venous catheter, intravenous nutrition, use of steroid, times of intubation, urgent intubations, nutritional status, diabetes, and MODS between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that higher APACHE score, double-lumen catheter, femoral vein catheter, catheter indwelling more than two weeks, intravenous nutrition, intubation more than 2 times, and emergency intubation were risk factors of CRBSI. Conclusions Higher APACHE score, double-lumen catheter, femoral vein catheter, catheter indwelling more than two weeks, intravenous nutrition, intubation more than 2 times, and emergency intubation were major risk factors of CRBSI in ICU of primary hospital.
Objective\ To investigate the clinical significance of measuring central venous pressure in patients after cardiac surgery.\ Methods\ Twenty four patients in postoperative cardiac surgery were randomly chosen, and investigated under three fettles:(1) The patients were sent into intensive care unit on mechanical ventilation; (2) They were all conscious and on mechanical ventilation 8 hours after operation; (3) 24 hours after operation, the patients were conscious with normal breathing.
ObjectiveTo explore the influence of three central venous catheter biomedical materials (polyurethane, silicone, and polyvinyl chloride) on the proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle of Xuanwei Lung Cancer-05 (XWLC-05) cells so as to provide the basis for clinical choice of central venous catheter. MethodsXWLC-05 cells were cultured and subcultured, and the cells at passage 3 were cultured with polyurethane, silicone, and polyvinyl chloride (1.0 cm × 1.0 cm in size), and only cells served as a control. At 24, 48, and 72 hours after cultured, MTT assay was used to detect the cellular proliferation and flow cytometry to detect the cell cycle and apoptosis. At 72 hours after cultured, inverted microscope was used to observe the cell growth. ResultsInverted microscope showed the cells grew well in control group, polyurethane group, and silicone group. In polyvinyl chloride group, the cells decreased, necrosed, and dissolved; residual adherent cells had morphologic deformity and decreased transmittance. At 24 and 48 hours, no significant difference in proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle was found among 4 groups (P gt; 0.05). At 72 hours, the proliferations of XWLC-05 cells in three material groups were significantly inhibited when compared with control group (P lt; 0.05), and the cells in polyvinyl chloride group had more significant proliferation inhibition than polyurethane group and silicone group (P lt; 0.05), but there was no signifcant difference in proliferation inhibition between polyurethane group and silicone group (P gt; 0.05). Compared with the control group, three material groups had significant impact on the rate of apoptosis and cell cycle: polyvinyl chloride group was the most remarkable, followed by silicone group, polyurethane group was minimum (P lt; 0.05). ConclusionPolyvinyl chloride can significantly impact the proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle of XWLC-05 cells; polyurethane has better biocompatibility than polyvinyl chloride and silicone