Objective To summarize and analyze the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of the current governance framework for public health emergencies in China. Methods The CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, CBM and PubMed databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the management of major infectious disease outbreaks in China from inception to April 15, 2023. The basic information and governance elements included in the study were extracted and analyzed. Results A total of 30 studies were included, and the time of issuance was from 2020 to 2022. Most of the studies were on COVID-19, focusing on the governance framework of big data governance, holistic governance, and multi-agent collaborative governance. The governance elements were mainly concentrated in three aspects: governance subject, governance cycle and institutional guarantee. The governance entities were concentrated on multi-agent collaborative governance, with the governance cycle mainly focused on in process governance, and the basic guarantee is a multiple guarantee with information technology big data as the main body. Conclusion The governance body of China's major infectious disease epidemic management framework has transitioned from a single entity to a multi entity collaborative governance. While increasing prewarning governance, attention should also be paid to governance during the post recovery period. In terms of system, comprehensive guarantees such as epidemic public opinion control system guarantees, privacy security guarantees, and psychological counseling guarantees should be added.
Objective To scientifically evaluate the nosocomial infection prevention and control ability of respiratory infectious diseases in general hospitals, and to construct a set of quantitative assessment system for the prevention and control ability of respiratory infectious diseases in general hospitals. Methods Papers, standards and guidelines online related to respiratory hospital infections published between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2023 were selected, and infection control experience was summarized to build a pool of evaluation pionts. Then, this study used experts consultation to select the evaluation pionts, to calculate the weight coefficient and reached a consensus on the quantitative evaluation methods of each evaluation point. Results A total of 27 articles were included. The evaluation system included 17 evaluation points in 4 categories: “Basic management capacity” “Basic conditions of facilities and equipments” “The prevention and control capacity of nosocomial infection” and “The emergency response capacity”. Each evaluation point contained 3 quantitative evaluation indicators. The Cronbach’s α coefficients of the expert questionnaire consultation were 0.914 and 0.883, respectively. The scale-level content validity index was 0.932, and the item-level content validity index ranged from 0.823 to 1. Conclusions The evaluation system constructed in this study can be used for quantitative evaluation and quality self-examination of the prevention and control ability of respiratory infectious diseases in general hospitals. It also contributes to the continuous improvement of the quality of nosocomial infection prevention and control.
ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemic characteristics of the notifiable infectious diseases in West China Hospital of Sichuan University, so as to guide the prevention, control and treatment of notifiable infectious diseases in the hospital and other medical institutions. MethodsDescriptive analysis was used to make statistics and analysis on the data of notifiable infectious diseases in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 2015 to 2020, and the reporting situation, disease classification and transmission route were summarized. ResultsA total of 21 382 cases of notifiable infectious diseases with 32 types were reported. There was no class A infectious disease reported. There were 16 305 cases (76.26%) of class B infectious diseases and 5 077 cases (23.74%) of class C infectious diseases. The top 5 infectious diseases were pulmonary tuberculosis, influenza, syphilis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (including human immunodeficiency virus infection), and viral hepatitis type B. From the trend of the infectious disease reporting, the number of notifiable infectious diseases showed an upward trend from 2015 to 2020. ConclusionsThe report of notifiable infectious diseases in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 2015 to 2020 mainly focuses on class B infectious diseases and class C infectious diseases. In the future, the prevention and control of infectious diseases should focus on respiratory infectious diseases, blood borne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases.
目的 总结成都市某男男性行为人群（MSM）中人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者合并其他传染病的情况，为科学防治艾滋病提供依据。 方法 2010年1月－12月，采用网络、现场、活动场所收发调查问卷，用Excel统计结果数据。 结果 共调查104例艾滋病患者，合并肝炎感染者11例（10.58%），其中乙肝病毒感染者8例（7.69%），丙肝病毒感染者3例（2.88%）；合并性传播疾病感染61例（58.65%），其中梅毒感染26例（25%），尖锐湿疣感染者17例（16.35%），生殖器疱疹感染者10例（9.62%），淋病感染者2例（1.92%），沙眼衣原体感染者4例（3.85%），生殖道支原体感染者2例（1.92%）；合并真菌感染者87例（62.14%），其中耶氏肺孢子菌感染者6例（5.77%），马尔尼菲青霉菌感染者2例（占1.92%），隐球菌感染者5例（4.81%），组织胞浆菌1例（0.96%）；合并结核感染者23例（22.12%）及非结核分枝杆菌3例（2.88%）；病毒感染14例（13.46%），全部为水痘-带状疱疹病毒感染；寄生虫感染（弓形虫）1例（0.96%）。 结论 在MSM人群中HIV患者性传播疾病感染比例高；真菌感染率高；结核感染率高；HCV感染和弓形虫感染率低。
Objective To investigate the organizational structure, routine management, emergency response, and material reserves related to the prevention and control of infectious diseases in maternal and child health institutions at all levels in Sichuan, and to understand the construction of emerging infectious diseases prevention and control system in maternal and child health institutions throughout the province. Methods We conducted a survey on the current situation of the epidemic prevention and control system in maternal and child health institutions using a self-developed questionnaire, which was conducted in October 2020 and July 2021, respectively. We conducted comparative analysis on the basic situation, the construction of emerging infectious disease prevention and control systems, and the setting and management of fever clinics/rooms of maternal and child health institutions at all levels in Sichuan in 2020 and 2021. Results In 2020, a total of 166 maternal and child health institutions participated in the survey, and 166 questionnaires were collected, including 17 at the provincial and municipal levels and 149 at the county level. In 2021, a total of 182 maternal and child health institutions participated in the survey, and 182 questionnaires were collected, including 17 at the provincial and municipal levels and 165 at the county level. In 2021, all levels of maternal and child health institutions in Sichuan had established epidemic prevention and control leadership groups. Compared with 2020, the construction of the emerging infectious disease prevention and control system in maternal and child health institutions at all levels in Sichuan in 2021 had improved to a certain extent in terms of establishing epidemic prevention and control leadership groups, hospital area three channel management, three-level pre-examination triage, inpatient area allocation, staff management, and patient management (P<0.05). Compared with 2020, fever clinics that met the requirements of three zones and two channels management, fever clinics that met the requirements of closed-loop management, and management of fever clinics/rooms in maternal and child health institutions at all levels in Sichuan in 2021 had improved to a certain extent (P<0.05). Conclusion Through strengthened construction during the epidemic prevention and control period, the construction of the emerging infectious disease prevention and control system in maternal and child health institutions in Sichuan has improved, but still faces continuous challenges in normalized prevention and control.
目的 探讨成都市传染病医院护理应急体系的构建方法、效果。 方法 成立护理应急管理小组；组建护理应急梯队；储备应急物资和设备；加强护理应急人员知识技能培训和实战演练；严格防护措施与消毒隔离流程。 结果 出色地完成了多次突发传染病的救治工作，培养了一支具有丰富应急救治经验的专业护理人员队伍。 结论 建立完善的护理应急体系可有效提高突发事件的应急保障能力。
Wuhan Leishenshan Hospital was built within 12 days during the key period of fighting against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan. It was a field infectious disease hospital with 1500 beds. Due to the emergency of the epidemic situation, the operation mode of “parallel of construction, acceptance, training and treatment” was employed. During the peak period, nearly 3000 medical workers and 13000 builders worked on the same site. In 67 days, 2 011 patients with COVID-19 were treated. Through the bundle infection prevention and control (IPC) measures, Wuhan Leishenshan Hospital achieved zero infection, zero accident, and low level pollution of SARS-CoV-2 (0.3%) by environment monitoring. The bundle IPC measures of Leishenshan Hospital not only provided prevention and control experience for other field infectious disease hospitals at domestic and abroad during the period of COVID-19, but also put forward ideas and work flow for other medical institutions to deal with emerging infectious diseases.
Objective To optimize the report procedure of infectious diseases, solve the problems during routine surveillance such as incomplete report and incorrect report, in order to improve the report quality of infectious diseases. Methods Common problems in the report cards which were systematically collected in the infectious disease report management system were analyzed. Then, through negotiation with engineers of the information center, procedures which might easily lead to errors were deleted, report procedures were optimized. Furthermore, clinicians were also trained on infectious disease report from time to time. The entire study was divided into three periods, including baseline period (from October 1, 2012 to December 31, 2013), intervention period (from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014) and enhanced intervention period (from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015). The incorrect report rate and incomplete report rate were automatically calculated and compared among the three periods to evaluate the report quality. Results Compared with the baseline period, the total incomplete rate in the enhanced intervention period decreased from 8.21% to 3.19% (χ2=103.143,P<0.001), the incorrect report rate of hepatitis B virus decreased from 32.84% to 21.63% (χ2=19.002,P<0.001), and the incorrect report rate of syphilis decreased from 24.93% to 6.86% (χ2=90.416,P<0.001). respectively. Conclusion The infectious disease report system plays a very important role in timely identification of errors and improvement of incomplete and incorrect report, and is of great significance in the management of infectious diseases.
Background and Objective Nearly half of million have been reported dead after earthquakes in recent 20 years, and many people always concern seriously about whether those corpses pose a risk to epidemics after earthquakes. An evidence-based approach was conducted to assess the relationship between dead bodies and epidemic disease outbreak systematically. Methods We searched PubMed, The Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2008), CNKI and WHO website and screened the references of eligible studies. Results A total of 10 papers published beween 1988 to 2007 were included for final analysis, including 2 editorials, 4 reviews and 4 technical reports (technical note or manual). The risk factors for epidemic outbreak after earthquakes were associated primarily with safe water, food and sanitation facilities, as well as the density of population, and no evidence was found that those corpses would pose a risk to the outbreak. But standard infection control precautions should be observed when human corpses were handled. Conclusion Management of dead bodies should be brought into the emergency preparedness system, disaster manuals and guidelines. A community-centered approach to informing communities about the management of the dead following earthquake is also needed. Meanwhile, the myth of about dead bodies and disease outbreak should be dispelled.
ObjectiveTo provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in hospitals through analyzing the data of notified infectious diseases collected in one general comprehensive hospital from 2009 to 2014. MethodsDescriptive method was used to analyze the data of infectious diseases reported through the reporting system in 6 years in the hospital, and then the incidence, diseases classification and transmission route were summarized. ResultsA total of 15 847 cases, covering 32 notified infectious diseases, were reported between 2009 and 2014, including 15 144 category-B (95.56%) and 703 category-C (4.44%) infectious disease cases, among which the top four were syphilis, hepatitis B, tuberculosis and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), with AIDS showing upward trend year by year. There were also 38 H1N1 cases of emerging infectious disease cases. In the view of the trend, there was an upward trend from 2009 to 2012, while there was a downward trend from 2012 to 2014. There were cases for all age groups, and most cases occurred among patients at an age of 40 to 44, accounting for 11.25% of the total cases. Eighteen occupations were involved, and the top five in terms of the number of infections accounted for 63.96% of all the cases. ConclusionCategory-B infections have been the major diseases reported in our hospital from 2009 to 2014. Therefore, the priority of our job in the future should be focused on prevention and control of syphilis, hepatitis B, tuberculosis and AIDS.