Mitochondrial quality control includes mechanisms such as mitochondria-derived vesicles, fusion / fission and autophagy. These processes rely on the collaboration of a variety of key proteins in the inner and outer membranes of mitochondria to jointly regulate the morphological structure and functional integrity of mitochondria, repair mitochondrial damage, and maintain the homeostasis of their internal environment. The imbalance of mitochondrial quality control is associated with leukemia. Therefore, by exploring the mechanisms related to mitochondrial quality control of various leukemia cells and their interactions with immune cells and immune microenvironment, this article sought possible targets in the treatment of leukemia, providing new ideas for the immunotherapy of leukemia.
Severe pneumonia remains a critical global concern. The immune and cytokine imbalance mediated by lymphocytes are related to the severe transformation and tissue damage of pneumonia, and are expected to become potential therapeutic targets for severe pneumonia. This article elaborates on the protection and pathogenic mechanism of lymphocyte in severe pneumonia, and further introduces the clinical application and research status of host-directed immunotherapy in severe pneumonia from two aspects: enhancing host immunity and improving immunopathological damage. It also introduces the challenges faced by immunotherapy in the future clinical translational application, aiming to provide new thinking directions for its clinical diagnosis, treatment, and research.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo generally analyze the current situations and advancement of the study on immunotherapy for colorectal cancer. MethodsThe pertinent published papers about the current situation and research advancement of the immunotherapy of colorectal cancer were retrospectively investigated. And also the immunogenicity and the varying principles of immunoresistance, the functional targets, the practicality, and some other characteristics of different immunotherapy for colorectal cancer were reviewed. ResultsThe main treatments and the research focuses in the immunotherapy of colorectal cancer are initiative nonspecific immunotherapy, adoptive immunotherapy, monoclonal antibody immunotherapy, initiative specific immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. They work by fighting against the cancer itself, cutting off the tumor’s nutrition supply, activating the immune system specifically or breaking the immune tolerance and so on. Though there are still many problems unsolved, immunotherapy has a promising clinical prospect. ConclusionAs a beneficial complement for surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy， immunotherapy plays an important auxiliary role in the combined therapy for colorectal cancer.
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of vascular dementia (VD). Recent studies have indicated that multiple stages of immune-inflammatory response are involved in the process of cerebral ischemia, drawing increasing attention to immune therapies for cerebral ischemia. This study aims to identify potential immune therapeutic targets for CCH using bioinformatics methods from an immunological perspective. We identified a total of 823 differentially expressed genes associated with CCH, and further screened for 9 core immune-related genes, namely RASGRP1, FGF12, SEMA7A, PAK6, EDN3, BPHL, FCGRT, HSPA1B and MLNR. Gene enrichment analysis showed that core genes were mainly involved in biological functions such as cell growth, neural projection extension, and mesenchymal stem cell migration. Biological signaling pathway analysis indicated that core genes were mainly involved in the regulation of T cell receptor, Ras and MAPK signaling pathways. Through LASSO regression, we identified RASGRP1 and BPHL as key immune-related core genes. Additionally, by integrating differential miRNAs and the miRwalk database, we identified miR-216b-5p as a key immune-related miRNA that regulates RASGRP1. In summary, the predicted miR-216b-5p/RASGRP1 signaling pathway plays a significant role in immune regulation during CCH, which may provide new targets for immune therapy in CCH.
目的:探讨胸腺肽α1(Tα1)对重症肺炎细胞因子及免疫功能的影响,观察Tα1在重症肺炎中的治疗作用。方法:将2005年3月至2007年12月在成都市第三人民医院呼吸科(包括RICU)收治的重症肺炎患者随机分为对照组(40例)及用药组(45例),在控制感染的基础上加用胸腺肽α1,观察细胞因子水平的变化及T细胞亚群的改变,同时观察临床症状、体征、X线改变,进行疗效评价。结果:两组患者肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α),白细胞介素6(L-6)水平均呈升高趋势,但对照组升高更加明显,而白介素10(L-10)在用药组患者中呈升高趋势,治疗第4,第8天,用药组CD4+、CD4+/CD8+较用药前升高,明显高于对照组;治疗组临床疗效及住院时间也优于对照组。结论:Tα1可以调节重症肺炎患者的TNF-α,L-6,L-10等细胞因子的水平,减轻炎症反应,改善患者的免疫功能。
Great progress has been made in immunotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in recent years. However, for thoracic surgeons, immunotherapy is still a new thing and they lack enough experience. Therefore, this paper attempts to discuss some hot issues of immunotherapy, including the indications, side effects, clinical efficacy and evaluation of efficacy. The author hopes that this article will help and attract the attention of thoracic surgeons.
Brain metastases are the most common intracranial malignant tumors in adults. Radiotherapy isa common treatment for brain metastases. In particular, stereotactic radiosurgery can control tumors well, and can significantly reduce the impact on cognitive function compared with whole brain radiation therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have less toxic side effects in the treatment of patients with advanced tumors, and show good survival advantages. This article introduces radiotherapy, immunotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors for brain metastases, discusses the mechanism of stereotactic radiosurgery combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors, and its therapeutic value and research progress in brain metastases, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the better application of stereotactic radiosurgery combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors to brain metastases.
Early and mid-stage esophageal cancer can achieve a particular effect through surgeries or comprehensive treatment based on surgery. Once the esophageal cancer progresses to the advanced stage, it is still lack of effective remedy for the disease, and the patient's prognosis is poor. Immunotherapy has developed rapidly in recent years, bringing dawn to patients with advanced esophageal cancer. On July 31, 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved KEYTRUDA (Merck) for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and it became the first milestone drug for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In the paper, we will review the progress of immunotherapy in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer on the basis of current clinical researches, which might provide ideas for further studies in the immunotherapy for esophageal cancer.