摘要:目的:了解细菌药物敏感性以指导临床合理选用抗生素。方法:采用VITEK32及GNS120药敏卡、GPS107药敏卡完成细菌的鉴定及药敏实验。结果:葡萄球菌占72.5%。青霉素对葡萄球菌敏感性几乎为0,葡萄球菌的产酶率均在95%以上。结论:临床应了解细菌对抗生素的耐药特点,掌握好适应症,科学合理选用抗生素
Objective To study the methodology of Chinese literature retrieval. Methods The manual review of the literature was served as the “gold standard” against database search strategies (the diagnostic tests). We selected original articles about treatment, rehabilitation and randomized controlled trials from 31 journals. The articles were downloaded from the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM). We selected potentially useful words through a word frequency analysis and determined the frequency of all the words in the titles, abstracts, and subject indexes. All the selected journals functioned as a closed database. The sensitivity, specificity and precision of all the high frequency words were calculated and the high frequency words of large sensitivity×precision were considered as final searching words. All the searching strategies were produced by computer programe which consisted of all searching words, title field and abstract field. Meanwhile, the sensitivity, specificity, precision and NNR (number needed to read) were calculated. Among the strategies, those comprised of all searching words would be used in CBM disc database, those of title and abstract words in Chinese Web Databases. The best strategies were those of high sensitivity and high specificity. Results 2 570 articles were selected and 45 articles met the gold standard. The strategies emphasized sensitivity were “therapeutic use OR random OR control(for CBM disc) and multicenter OR therapeutic outcome OR random (for Chinese online databases)”. The strategies emphasized specificity were “placebo OR prospective study(MH) OR double blind OR random controled trial (MH) (for CBM disc) and placebo OR prospective) OR double blind OR efficiency (for Chinese online databases).”Conclusions The method is optimal for Chinese literature databases
Objective To assess the efficacy of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （NSAIDs） in the treatment of osteoarthritis （OA）. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scientific Citation Index, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, CBMdisc and abstracts from conference were searched from 1966 to March 30, 2005. Randomized controlled trials （R.CT） comparing topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug （NSAIDs） with placebo or oral NSAIDs in OA were induded. Effect size （ES） was calculated for pain, function and stiffness. Relative risk （RR） was calculated for dichotomous data such as clinical response rate and adverse effect rate. Number needed to treat to obtain the clinical response was estimated. The quality of trials was assessed and sensitivity analyses were undertaken. Results Topical NSAIDs were superior to placebo in relieving pain due to osteoarthritis only in the first 2 weeks of treatment; ES （95% CI） were 0.41 （0. 16 to 0.66） and 0.40 （0.15 to 0.65） at week 1 and 2 respectively. However, the effects were short-lived and no benefit was observed over placebo at the third and fourth week. A similar pattern was observed with function, stiflhess and clinical response RR and number needed to treat. Topical NSAIDs were inferior to oral NSAIDs at week 1, and associated with more local side effects such as rash, itch or burning （RR 5.29, 95% CI 1.14 to 24. 51 ）. Conclusions Only very shortterm （less than 4 weeks） RCTs have assessed topical NSAID efficacy in OA ; after 2 weeks no efficacy above placebo has been obsevrved. There are no trial data to support the long-term use of topical NSAIDs in osteoarthritis.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of fish oil containing lipid emulsion (FO) in sepsis. MethodsRandomized controlled trials about fish oil containing lipid emulsion in sepsis,which were published from 1980,were searched from the following electronic databases:PubMed,Embase,Foreign Medical Journal Service,Cochrane Library,CNKI,Wanfang Database,and VIP Database. The articles screening,quality assessment and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers independently. The methodological quality of trials was assessed by Jadad's scale. All data was analyzed by Review Manager 5.2 software. ResultsFifteen studies involving 794 participants met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis results were as follows:compared with the control group,①FO could shorten the length of ICU stay[WMD=-5.59,95%CI(-7.65,-3.53)] and the length of hospital stay[WMD=-10.48,95%CI(-14.67,-6.29)],and also decrease the 28-day mortality[RR=0.69,95%CI(0.52,0.93)]. ②FO could reduce the concentration of TNF-α[WMD=31.78,95%CI(5.63,57.92)] and improve oxygenation index[WMD=41.95,95%CI(30.80,53.11)] in septic patients. ③There was no statistical significance in the decrease of C-reactive protein (CRP) between two groups(P>0.05). ConclusionThe administration of FO in septic patients can significantly shorten the length of ICU stay and hospital stay,decrease the 28-day mortality,reduce the concentration of TNF-α and improve oxygenation index. However,it shows no significant difference in the decrease of CRP compared with the administration of traditional lipid emulsion. All of the above results show that the septic patients can benefit from the administration of fish oil containing lipid emulsion.
A new urine analysis core module based on high performance 32-bit microprocessor and high precision color sensor was presented. A novel optical structure and a specific circuit were applied to improve measurement precision and temperature was used to compensate for results in this core module. The information of urine test peice, such as all original data and color RGB value, reflectivity, semi-quantitative level, etc. can be output. The results showed that the measuring precision was about 95% or above with ideal stability and reliability using this presented core module, which can be conveniently applied in various urine analyzers, and can greatly decrease the cost of urine analyzers in development and production.
Objective To evaluate the application value of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Methods A comprehensive search of both domestic and international databases was conducted to identify clinical studies on the use of OCTA in OSAS, from the establishment of the databases to May 2024. A meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.4 software. Results A total of 134 studies were initially identified, with 14 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, encompassing 999 subjects (739 in the OSAS group and 260 in the healthy group). Meta-analysis results indicated that the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) density in the fovea (MD=–2.05, 95%CI –3.75 to –0.35, P=0.02) and parafovea (MD=–1.56, 95%CI –2.44 to –0.68, P=0.000 5) was significantly lower in the OSAS group compared with the healthy group. In the mild to moderate OSAS group, SCP density was significantly lower in the fovea (MD=–2.41, 95%CI –4.32 to –0.49, P=0.01), parafovea (MD=–1.17, 95%CI –2.01 to –0.32, P=0.007), and perifovea (MD=–1.73, 95%CI –2.69 to –0.77, P=0.000 4) compared with the healthy group. In the severe OSAS group, SCP density in the perifovea (MD=–1.33, 95%CI –2.53 to –0.13, P=0.03) was significantly lower than that of the healthy group. SCP density in the whole area (MD=0.36, 95%CI 0.05 to 0.68, P=0.02) was significantly higher in the mild to moderate OSAS group compared with the severe OSAS group. In the deep capillary plexus (DCP) density, the OSAS group showed significantly lower densities in the whole area (MD=–2.16, 95%CI –3.51 to –0.81, P=0.002), fovea (MD=–2.38, 95%CI –4.38 to –0.37, P=0.02), and parafovea (MD=–2.33, 95%CI –3.93 to –0.73, P=0.004) compared with the healthy group. The mild to moderate OSAS group also showed significantly lower densities in the whole area (MD=–2.02, 95%CI –3.33 to –0.72, P=0.002) and parafovea (MD=–1.65, 95%CI –3.04 to –0.26, P=0.02) compared with the healthy group. The severe OSAS group had significantly lower DCP density in the whole area (MD=–2.26, 95%CI –3.85 to –0.66, P=0.006) and parafovea (MD=–1.47, 95%CI –2.31 to –0.62, P=0.000 7) compared with the healthy group. DCP density in the whole area (MD=0.54, 95%CI 0.02 to 1.07, P=0.04) was significantly higher in the mild to moderate OSAS group compared with the severe OSAS group. Regarding the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, the inferior quadrant (MD=4.01, 95%CI 0.69 to 7.32, P=0.02) and temporal quadrant (MD=4.35, 95%CI 1.88 to 6.82, P=0.000 6) were significantly thicker in the mild to moderate OSAS group compared with the severe OSAS group. In terms of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, the severe OSAS group showed a significantly larger FAZ area (MD=0.06, 95%CI 0.03 to 0.08, P<0.000 01) compared with the healthy group. Conclusion OCTA-related ocular biomarkers may be associated with the occurrence and progression of OSAS and have potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of OSAS.
ObjectiveTo explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the X-ray cross complementary repair gene-1 (XRCC1) rs1799782 locus and thyroid cancer.MethodsStudies investigating the association between SNP in the XRCC1 gene and thyroid cancer susceptibility were retrieved from the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang, and CBM (China Biology Medicine) databases (published date up to February 15, 2021). Eligible studies were screened according to inclusion/exclusion criteria and principles of quality evaluation. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 software. Odds ratios with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were pooled to assess the association between SNP in the XRCC1 gene rs1799782 locus and thyroid cancer susceptibility.ResultsTwelve articles were eligible for this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis results were shown as follows: No significant association was found between XRCC1 rs1799782 polymorphism and thyroid cancer in overall population [Dominant model: CT+TT vs CC, OR=1.07, 95%CI (0.84, 1.36). Recessive model: TT vs CT+CC, OR=1.48, 95%CI (0.95, 2.31). Allelic model: T vs C, OR=1.15, 95%CI (0.93, 1.43). Codominant model: TT vs CC: OR=1.44, 95%CI (0.83, 2.53); CT vs CC, OR=1.02, 95%CI (0.82, 1.28); TT vs CT, OR=1.40, 95%CI (0.98, 1.99)]. rs1799782 polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of thyroid cancer in Chinese population [Dominant model: CT+TT vs CC, OR=1.38, 95%CI (1.11, 1.71). Recessive model : TT vs CT+CC, OR=1.97, 95%CI (1.55, 2.50); Allelic model: T vs C, OR=1.40, 95%CI (1.16, 1.68). Codominant model: TT vs CC, OR=2.12, 95%CI (1.66, 2.71); CT vs CC, OR=1.26, 95%CI (1.09, 1.47); TT vs CT, OR=1.70, 95%CI (1.31, 2.21)]. rs1799782 polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of thyroid cancer in Asian population [Dominant model: CT+TT vs CC, OR=0.64, 95%CI (0.49, 0.83). Codominant model: TT vs CC: OR=0.50, 95%CI (0.33, 0.74); CT vs CC, OR=0.65, 95%CI (0.49, 0.86)].ConclusionsThere is no significant correlation between XRCC1 rs1799782 polymorphism and the risk of thyroid cancer in general population. The XRCC1 rs1799782 polymorphism may be associated with an increased thyroid cancer risk among Chinese, and a tendency for decreased thyroid cancer risk among Asians (Chinese excluded). The XRCC1 rs1799782 polymorphism is not associated with thyroid cancer susceptibility among Caucasians under all genetic models.
This paper is to discuss the research of heterogeneity in Meta-analysis, including the definition of the heterogeneity in Meta-analysis and classification it into clinical heterogeneity, methodological heterogeneity and statistical heterogeneity, the strategies for diminishing clinical heterogeneity and methodological heterogeneity, the five testing methods in statistical heterogeneity (Q statistic, I2 statistic, H statistic, Galbraith plot and L’Abbe plot) and the examples and applying conditions of the five testing methods, classification of meta-analysis into exploratory meta-analysis and analytic meta-analysis according if the meta-analysis has heterogeneity, and the strategies and the flowchart when existing the heterogeneity in meta-analysis.