The effects of various receptor agonists/antagonists on the accumulation of inositol phosphates(InsPs) in cultured rat retinal pigment epitheium (RPE) cells were analysed. The results showed that serotonin and the 5-HT2 agonists such as alpha;-methyl-serotonin, quipazine, and DOI (1-[2.5-dimethoxy-4-iodopheny1]-2-aminopropane) all stimulated InsPs accumulation in rat RPE cells. The serotonin-induced stimulation of InsPs was effectively blocked by ketanserin, a 5-HT2 antagonist, but also attenuated by the active phorbol ester PMA (4ft-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate), a potent protein kinase C activator.The data presented provide clear evidence for the presence of 5-HT2 receptors coupled to phosphoinositide metabolism on cultured rat RPE cells. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1994,10:80-83）
The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy (DR) remain elusive. The inflammatory reaction, retinal vascular leakage and retinal neovascularization are main features of DR. Adiponectin (APN) is an endogenous biological active protein secreted by adipocytes. It can increase insulin sensitivity, regulate blood glucose and lipid metabolism, and has anti-inflammation and anti-neovascularization functions. It may be involved in the development of DR. This review summarized the studies on the association between APN and DR in recent years.
In thiis study,we show thai carbachol stimulates the accumulation of inositol phosphates(InsPs)in human rellnal pigment epithelium (RPE)cells and atropine blocks the carbachol-induced effect ,suggesting the existence of musearinie acelyleholine receptors in human RPE cells. In contrast,noradrenaline,serotonin, cpidermal growth factor (EGF),isoproterenol,and NECA (5'-[N-ethyl]-carboxamido-adenosine)do not influence the basal levels of InsPs.Moreover,isoprmerenol and NECA do not affect the carhaehol elevated levels of InsPs.EGF,howcvcr,does potentiate the carhaehol stimulated elevation of InsPs in a dose-dependent manner ,suggesting an interaction between EGF and musearinie receptors in cultured human RPE cells. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1994,10:220-222）
Objective To observe the short-term intraocular pressure after 25G+ pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and analyze the possible influencing factors in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) eyes. Methods This is a retrospective case-control study. A total of 160 patients (163 eyes) of RRD and PDR who underwent 25G+ PPV were enrolled in this study. There were 88 males (89 eyes) and 72 females (74 eyes), with the mean age of (50.37±13.24) years. There were 90 patients (92 eyes) with RRD (the RRD group) and 70 patients (74 eyes) with PDR (the PDR group). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) were performed on all the patients. The BCVA was ranged from hand motion to 0.6. The average IOP was (12.61±4.91) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). There were significant differences in crystalline state (χ2=9.285, P=0.009), IOP (χ2=58.45, P=0.000), history of PPV (χ2=4.915, P=0.027) and hypertension (χ2=24.018, P=0.000), but no significant difference in sex (χ2=0.314, P=0.635) and age (χ2=5.682, P=0.056) between the two groups. A non-contact tonometer has been used to measure IOP on postoperative day 1 and 3. The postoperative IOP distribution has been divided into five groups: severe ocular hypotension (≤5 mmHg), mild ocular hypotension (6 - 9 mmHg), normal (10 - 21 mmHg), mild ocular hypertension (22 - 29 mmHg), severe ocular hypertension (≥30 mmHg). Logistic regression analysis has been used to analyze the risk and protective factors. Results On the first day after surgery, there were 21 eyes (12.9%) in mild ocular hypotension, 96 eyes (58.9%) in normal, 22 eyes (13.4%) in mild ocular hypertension and 24 eyes (14.7%) in severe ocular hypertension. On the first day after surgery, there were 18 eyes (11.0%) in mild ocular hypotension, 117 eyes (71.7%) in normal, 23 eyes (14.1%) in mild ocular hypertension and 5 eyes (3.1%) in severe ocular hypertension. There was no significant difference of IOP distribution between the two groups (Z=−1.235, −1.642; P=0.217, 0.101). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that silicone tamponade was a risk factor for ocular hypertension in PDR eyes on the first day after surgery [odds ratio (OR)=15.400, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.670 - 64.590; P＜0.001], while intraocular lens was the risk factor for ocular hypotension in PDR eyes on third day after surgery (OR=19.000, 95%CI 1.450 - 248.2; P=0.025). As for RRD eyes, the ocular hypotension before surgery was a risk factor for ocular hypertension on the third day after surgery (OR=3.755, 95%CI 1.088 - 12.955; P=0.036). For all eyes, silicone tamponade (OR=0.236, 95%CI 0.070 - 0.797), air tamponade (OR=0.214, 95%CI 0.050 - 0.911) and inert gas tamponade (OR=0.092, 95%CI 0.010 - 0.877) were protective factors for ocular hypotension on the first day after surgery (P=0.020, 0.037, 0.038); silicone tamponade was protective factor for ocular hypotension on the third day after surgery (OR=0.249, 95% CI 0.066 - 0.94, P=0.040); while aphakic eyes was the risk factor for ocular hypotension on third day after surgery (OR=7.765, 95% CI 1.377 - 43.794, P=0.020). The ocular hypotension before surgery was a risk factor for ocular hypertension on the third day after surgery (OR=4.034, 95% CI 1.475 - 11.033, P=0.007). Conclusions The abnormal IOP is common after 25G+ PPV with a rate from 28.3% to 31.1%. Silicone tamponade, air tamponade and inert gases tamponade are protective factors for postoperative ocular hypotension, aphakic eye is risk factor for postoperative ocular hypotension. Ocular hypotension before surgery and silicone oil tamponade are risk factors for postoperative ocular hypertension.
ObjectiveTo study the relationship between macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and serum concentration of lutein and zeaxanthin in an adult population. MethodsTwenty patients with mild cataract and 39 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study, including 15 males and 44 females. The average age was 43.75 years. Fifty-three subjects were non-smokers and 6 male subjects were smokers. Two subjects preferred meat diet, 22 preferred meat-less diet, and 35 have balanced diet. MPOD was measured using heterochromatic flicker photometry at 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.75 degrees, and serum concentration of lutein and zeaxanthin was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. The relationship between MPOD and serum concentration of lutein and zeaxanthin was analyzed. The differences of serum lutein and zeaxanthin between different gender, smokers and non-smokers and subjects with different dietary pattern were also analyzed. ResultsMPOD at 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.75 degrees were 0.59, 0.48, 0.34 and 0.18, and the average concentration of lutein and zeaxanthin were (0.45±0.16) μmol/L and (0.11±0.04) μmol/L respectively. Serum concentration of lutein and zeaxanthin in males were slightly higher than that in females, but it was not statistically significant (t=1.13, 0.86; P=0.27, 0.40). The differences of serum lutien and zeaxanthin between smokers and non-smokers (t=-0.15, -0.11; P=0.87, 0.91), among subjects of 3 dietary patterns groups were not statistically significant (Flutein=3.87, 4.05, 0.18; P=0.83, 0.81, 0.99. Fzeaxanthin＝0.99, 1.51, 0.52; P＝0.85, 0.68, 0.72). There was no correlation between MPOD and serum concentration of lutein (r=-0.06,-0.02,-0.07,0.03;P>0.05)and zeaxanthin(r=0.02,0.12,0.09,0.11;P>0.05). ConclusionMPOD was not statistically significantly correlated with serum concentration of lutein and zeaxanthin in the studied population.
ObjectiveTo report the clinical findings and RS1 gene mutation analysis of a Chinese family with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS). MethodsThe pedigree of this XLRS family was studied. Nine individuals (10 eyes of 6 males, 6 eyes of 3 females), including the proband, received ocular examination, fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Direct DNA sequencing of the 6 exons of RS1 gene was used to detect the RS1 mutation in 12 family members. ResultsThe present pedigree included 15 members of three generations. Among them, 5 male members were diagnosed with XLRS. The retina of other 4 family members were normal, including 1 male (2 eyes) and 3 females (6 eyes). Visual acuity of these 5 patients ranged from hand movement to 0.5 and both eyes of them were involved. The age when visual acuity begins to decrease was all less than 10 years. Fundus color photographic examination showed macular radial cystoid retinoschisis and retinoschisis of the peripheral retina. OCT images showed retinoschisis in macular regions (8 eyes) or peripheral retina (6 eyes). Genetic testing showed that 1 male had no mutation in RS1 gene (p.Gly109Val). All 5 patients had a point mutation (c.326G>T) at exon 4 of RS1 gene, which cause the 109th amino acid changed from glycine to valine in the RS1 protein. A 3-year-old kid also had this mutation. The 3 females with normal retina had heterozygous mutations of Gly109Val, so they are the mutation carriers. ConclusionThe novel p.Gly109Val mutation is the causing mutation in this Chinese family with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis.
Objective To determine the association of -429T/C and G1704T polymorphisms in the receptor for advanced glycation end products gene with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods Case-control study. From the Beijing Desheng Diabetic Eye Study cohort of 1467 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),atotal of 97 patients with PDR and 105 diabetic patients without retinopathy (DWR, duration of diabetes 15 years) were included for this study. Questionnaires were collected and general ophthalmologic examinations were performed. Biochemical analysis was conducted. DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood. The -429T/C and G1704T single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected by the means of PCR-restrication fragment length polymorphisms. Results The frequency distribution of -429T/C in DWR group was 81.0% in TT, 16.1% in TC, 2.9% in CC. The frequency distribution of -429T/C in PDR group was 77.3% in TT, 20.6% in TC, 2.1% in CC. There was no significant statistical difference between the two groups (χ2=0.40, P > 0.05). Frequency of the -429T/C minor alleleCin the DWR and PDR group were 11.0% and 12.4%, respectively, with no significant statistical difference between the two groups (χ2=0.20，P > 0.05). The frequency distribution of G1704T in DWR group was 66.7% in GG, 29.5% in GT, 3.8% in TT. The frequency distribution of G1704T in PDR group was 78.4% in GG, 21.6% in GT. There was no significant statistical difference between the two groups (χ2=3.44, P > 0.05). Frequency of the G1704T minor alleleTin the DWR and PDR group were 18.6% and 10.8%, respectively, in which significant difference was found within the two groups (χ2=4.79, OR=1.88，95%CI: 1.06 - 3.33, P > 0.05). Conclusions G1704T polymorphism is associated with PDR presence and 1704G allele may increase the risk of PDR.