Cardiac enlargement is an important symptom of vascular and heart disease. The cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) is an important index used to measure the size of heart. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between aging and cardiothoracic ratio. This paper also presents an improved C-V level set method to segment lung tissue based on X-ray image, which used to automatically compute CTR. In the investigation carried out in our school, we got more than 3 120 chest radiographs from medical examination of the working population in Beijing, and we systematically studied the effects of age and gender on the CTR to obtain reference values for each group. The reference values established in this study can be useful for recording and quantifying the cardiac enlargement, so that it may be useful for calling attention to the cardiovascular diseases and the heart diseases.
目的 探讨腹腔镜下修补医源性结肠穿孔的可行性和手术技巧。方法 回顾性分析我院2007年 10月至2009年12月期间腹腔镜下修补医源性结肠穿孔手术6例患者的临床资料,其中诊断性肠镜检查结肠穿孔2例,治疗性肠镜结肠穿孔4例。结果 6例患者均顺利完成腹腔镜下手术, 无中转开腹。3例患者全腹腔镜下完成结肠穿孔修补,2例因破口较大在腹腔镜辅助下完成结肠穿孔修补,1例乙状结肠癌患者肠镜检查结肠穿孔后同时行腹腔镜下乙状结肠癌根治手术,术后未发生吻合口漏、残余感染等并发症。结论 腹腔镜下修补医源性结肠穿孔安全、可靠,临床效果肯定。
目的 探讨腹腔镜胃肠道手术中医源性脾损伤的发生原因和处理方法。方法 回顾性分析我院2007年12月至2009年2月期间125例行腹腔镜胃肠手术中出现的5例医源性脾损伤的临床资料。结果 5例脾损伤患者中腹腔镜胃手术4例,腹腔镜结肠手术1例; 按Pachter脾损伤分级,Ⅰ级3例,Ⅱ级2例。所有患者均经腹腔镜手术治疗治愈,电凝止血1例,小纱布压迫加电凝加止血纱布压迫止血4例。结论 腹腔镜胃肠手术中发生的脾损伤多为表浅的Ⅰ、Ⅱ级损伤,及时发现及正确处理十分重要。
目的 探讨腹腔镜胃肠道手术常见戳孔并发症的特点及防治对策。方法 回顾性分析我院78例行腹腔镜胃肠道手术后9例发生戳孔并发症患者的临床资料。结果 9例中戳孔感染4例,戳孔周围皮下瘀血和血肿2例,戳孔疝1例,皮下气肿2例,经采取拆除戳孔处缝线、通畅引流、换药、局部压迫、药物止血等相应处置,患者均痊愈出院。结论 戳孔并发症重在预防,其危害不容忽视。