Search

28例右心系统肿瘤的诊断与外科治疗

目的 探讨右心系统肿瘤的特点，总结其诊断和外科治疗经验。 方法 对1989年6月～2006年8月期间的28例右心系统肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。28例中26例在体外循环下行肿瘤切除术，其中17例良性肿瘤均完整切除，同期行三尖瓣DeVega成形术2例，补片修补房间隔或右房壁3例；9例恶性肿瘤因侵及范围广泛，仅行大部切除术。 结果 全组28例中26例行手术治疗。手术死亡2例，1例为横纹肌肉瘤术中死于低心排血量综合征，1例为间皮肉瘤术后2d死于低心排血量综合征、多器官功能衰竭。术后2例出现脑栓塞给予相应的治疗，其中1例神经系统症状消失，1例遗留轻度运动障碍。17例良性肿瘤患者中，无远期死亡和复发；9例恶性肿瘤患者中除1例随访时间较短外（lt;3个月），其它8例均于术后6个月内死亡。 结论 右心系统肿瘤临床少见，恶性率、误诊率高，手术效果和预后均较差。

Efficacy of His-bundle pacing and right ventricular pacing: a meta-analysis

ObjectivesTo systematically review the efficacy of His-bundle pacing (HBP) and right ventricular pacing (RVP).MethodsPubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMbase, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies on efficacy of HBP and RVP from inception to December, 2018. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies, then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 8 studies involving 1 130 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: HBP group was superior to RVP group in QRS duration (MD=–43.88, 95%CI –52.53 to –35.22, P<0.000 01), LVEF (MD=4.53, 95%CI 2.67 to 6.38, P<0.000 01), and NYHA (MD=–0.85, 95%CI –1.14 to –0.56, P<0.000 01). However, the operation time (MD=15.21, 95%CI 11.44 to 18.98, P<0.000 01) and fluoroscopy duration (MD=2.98, 95%CI 2.10 to 3.85, P<0.000 01) of HBP group were longer than that of RVP group.ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that, compared with RVP, HBP is superior in maintaining of QRS duration, LVEF and NYHA; however, the operation time is longer. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify above conclusion.

左心转流时右心室收缩期末压、容积关系的变化

目的 在左心转流时应用右心室收缩期末压、容积关系(ESPVR,以Emax表示)作为评估右心室心肌固有收缩力的指标,从而排除负荷的影响.方法 采用钳夹肺动脉以产生等容收缩,同步持续记录肺动脉流量,此流量的积分与相应的右心室射血压相互构成右心室压力容积环,此环的左上角即为收缩期末点,自等容收缩压的峰值起至收缩期末点或与之相切作一直线,其斜率为Emax.6条正常心脏及5条右心室前壁缺血绵羊以心排血量的50%、75%和90%分别作左心转流各15分钟,计算其Emax.结果 随左心转流量的递增,全部右心室Emax均有低落,统计学分析差异无显著性(Pgt;0.05).结论 高左心转流量在一定程度上可使右心室心肌固有收缩力低落,对其总功能的评估尚须视其舒张顺应性与肺动脉阻力而定.

镜面右位心并右室双出口病变一例

双向上腔静脉肺动脉吻合术治疗左心室发育不良的右心室双出口

目的 总结双向上腔静脉肺动脉吻合术治疗合并左心室发育不良的右心室双出口（DORV）的临床经验。方法 2000年1月至2004年12月手术治疗7例患者，均伴有肺动脉狭窄和左心室发育不良，左心室舒张期末容积指数均〈30ml／m2。5例在体外循环下完成手术，2例在非体外循环下完成手术。结果 全组无手术死亡。术后机械通气时间为9.0±7.9h，无严重术后并发症发生，活动能力改善。随访6个月～4年，效果满意。结论 对左心室发育不良的DORV患者，双向上腔静脉肺动脉吻合术可以获得满意的治疗效果。

双腔右心室的外科治疗

目的总结64例双腔右心室(DCRV)的诊断和手术治疗经验。方法术前经超声心动图和/或右心导管及右心室造影确诊为DCRV53例,测右心室高、低压腔间压力阶差为40～100mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg);11例于术中确诊。所有患者均经右心室切口疏通右心室腔梗阻,其中51例合并室间隔缺损(VSD)、3例房间隔缺损(ASD)的患者均于术中一并修补。经VSD疏通主动脉瓣下狭窄2例,行改良Fontan手术1例。结果无手术死亡患者,随访15例,随访时间1～13年,除1例因残余VSD仍有明显的临床症状外,其余患者均无临床症状,生活质量明显改善。结论术前明确诊断和识别此类心脏畸形的病理解剖特点是正确纠治DCRV、并获得满意效果的关键。

“一鞘两伞” Hybrid 技术封堵室间隔缺损残余漏及左心室右心房通道一例

The Relation Between Preoperative Pulmonary Artery Pressure and Postoperative Complications in Heart Transplantation Patients and the Prevention and Treatment to Postoperative Complications

Objective To analyze the relation between preoperative pulmonary artery pressure(PAP) and postoperative complications in heart transplant patients, and summarize the experience of perioperative management of pulmonary hypertension (PH), to facilitate the early period heart function recovery of postoperative heart transplant patients. Methods A total of 125 orthotopic heart transplant patients were divided into two groups according to preoperative pulmonary arterial systolic pressure(PASP) and pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR), pulmonary [CM(1583mm]hypertension group (n=56): preoperativePASPgt;50 mm Hg or PVRgt;5 Wood·U; control group (n=69): preoperative PASP≤50 mmHg and PVR≤5 Wood·U. Hemodynamics index including preoperative cardiac index (CI)，preoperative and postoperative PVR and PAP were collected by SwanGanz catheter and compared. The extent of postoperative tricuspid regurgitation was evaluated by echocardiography. Postoperative pulmonary hypertension was treated by diuresis，nitrogen oxide inhaling，nitroglycerin and prostacyclin infusion, continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO). Results All patients survived except one patient in pulmonary hypertension group died of multiorgan failure and severe infection postoperatively in hospital. Acute right ventricular failure occurred postoperatively in 23 patients, 10 patients used ECMO support, 10 patients with acute renal insufficiency were treated with CRRT. 124 patients were followed up for 2.59 months，7 patients died of multiple organ failure, infection and acute rejection in follow-up period, the survivals in both groups have normal PAP, no significant tricuspid regurgitation. No significant difference in cold ischemia time of donor heart, cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) and circulation support time between both groups; but the patients of pulmonary hypertension group had longer tracheal intubation time in comparison with the patients of control group (65±119 h vs. 32±38 h, t=2.17，P=0.028). Preoperative PASP，mean pulmonary artery pressure(MPAP) and PVR in pulmonary hypertension group were significantly higher than those in control group, CI was lower in pulmonary hypertension group ［PASP 64.30±11.50 mm Hg vs. 35.60±10.20 mm Hg; MPAP 43.20±8.50 mm Hg vs. 24.20±7.20 mm Hg; PVR 4.72±2.26 Wood·U vs. 2.27±1.24 Wood·U; CI 1.93±0.62 L/（min·m2） vs. 2.33±0.56 L/（min·m2）; Plt;0.05］. Postoperative early PASP, MPAP and PVR in pulmonary hypertension group were significantly higher than those in control group (PASP 35.40±5.60 mm Hg vs. 31.10±5.70 mm Hg, MPAP 23.10±3.60 mm Hg vs. 21.00±4.00 mm Hg, PVR 2.46±0.78 Wood·U vs. 1.79±0.62 Wood·U; Plt;0.05). Conclusion Postoperative right heart insuficiency is related to preoperative pulmonary hypertension in heart transplant patients. Donor heart can quickly rehabilitate postoperatively by effectively controlling perioperative pulmonary hypertension with good follow-up results.

原位心脏移植术后右心衰竭四例

Clinical Analysis of Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism, Normal Blood Pressure, and Right Ventricular Dysfunction

Objective To analyze the clinical features of patients with acute pulmonary embolism ( APE) with normal blood pressure and right ventricular dysfunction. Methods 130 hospitalized patients with normotensive APE between January 2009 and January 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography to determine if they were complicated with RVD. The clinical features, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment were analyzed and compared between the normotensive APE patients with or without RVD. Results 41 normotensive APE patients with RVD were as RVD group, and other 89 patients without RVD were as non-RVD group. The incidences of syncope ( 34.1% vs. 7.8% ) , tachycardia( 41.4% vs. 21.3% ) , P2 hyperthyroidism( 46.3% vs. 25.8% ) , jugular vein filling ( 12.1% vs. 1.1% ) , and cyanosis ( 26.8% vs. 8.9% ) were all significantly higher in the RVD group than those in the non-RVD group ( P lt; 0.05) . Computed tomography pulmonary angiography ( CTPA) revealed that the incidences of thromboembolism involving proximal pulmonary artery ( 58. 3% vs. 8. 3% ) and thromboembolism involving lobar pulmonary ( 77.8% vs.51.2% ) were also higher in the RVD group ( P lt; 0.001, P = 0.025 ) . In the RVD group, the patients were assigned to received thrombolysis plus anticoagulation therapy, or anticoagulation therapy alone. The clinical indicators ( heart rate, PaCO2 , AaDO2 , SPAP, TRPG) were all statistically improved after thrombolysis or anticoagulation treatment ( P lt;0.001) . But compared with the patients who underwent anticoagulation therapy alone, the cost of treatment and the incidence of minor bleeding were significantly higher, and the levels of AaDO2 , SPAP and TRPG were statistically lower in the patients with thrombolysis plus anticoagulation therapy. Conclusions For APE patients with central pulmonary embolism demonstrated by CTPA, syncope, and tachycardia, transthoracic echocardiograph should be performed as early as possible to confirm RVD diagnosis. For normotensive APE patients with RVD, anticoagulant treatment can achieve higher efficacy of costeffectiveness ratio.