Optical positioning system has a wide range of application in many fields. This paper presents an optical positioning method which combines linear and plane cameras. 1-D image signal of linear camera is used to get 1-D coordinates of the targets, which can be processed quickly. We can use it to assist processing the 2-D image signals of plane camera under some constraints. Linear camera can reduce the amount of position searching and calculation in coordinates extracting of targets in 2D image, and it can also help identify multiple targets. The results showed that our method could reach an accuracy of 1.608 mm, which was about one thousandth of the measurable range, and the reconstruction time for 4 targets without geometric constraints is 23.87 ms, namely 41.9 fps.
ObjectiveTo understand the application of vacuum assisted rotary cutting technique in benign and malignant breast diseases.MethodThe related literatures about the application of vacuum assisted rotary cutting technique in the breast benign and malignant diseases were reviewed.ResultsThe technique of vacuum assisted rotary cutting had been applied to the treatment of intraductal and phyllodes tumors. The non-lactation mastitis lesions could all be removed by this technique, and as a minimally invasive treatment for gynecomastia. It could guided by the color Doppler ultrasound, mammography and MRI, which could obtain enough tissue specimens for the screening and biopsy of early breast cancer. The indication of vacuum assisted rotary cutting technique should be further discussed in the breast conserving treatment of breast cancer.ConclusionsVacuum assisted rotary cutting technique has been widely used in treatment of various benign diseases of the breast and diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. The best indication for operation should be determined based on clinical manifestations and auxiliary examination results.
【摘要】 目的 探讨乳腺癌保乳切除加经乳腔镜清扫腋窝淋巴结的可行性和手术难点。 方法 将2007年2月－2011年2月行乳腺癌保乳切除手术的27例患者，分成乳腔镜腋窝清扫组（乳腔镜组）11例和常规腋窝清扫组（常规组）16例，比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术中清扫淋巴结数、术后引流时间及引流量等。 结果 手术时间:乳腔镜组（186.36±11.20） min，常规组（158.13±25.29） min，两组差异有统计学意义（P=0.002）；术中出血量:乳腔镜组（61.82±51.54） mL，常规组（103.75±42.56） mL，两组差异有统计学意义（P=0.030）；两组术中清扫淋巴结个数、术后引流时间、引流量比较，差异均无统计学意义（Pgt;0.05）；随访1个月~4年，无一例发生肿瘤局部复发或戳孔转移。 结论 乳腺保乳切除加经乳腔镜清扫腋窝淋巴结可以安全应用于早期乳癌的保乳治疗，操作者需学习一定的手术技巧。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the feasibility and surgical difficulty of breast-conserving resection and endoscopy-assisted axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer patients. Methods Twenty-seven patients treated by breast-conserving surgery from February 2007 to February 2011 in our hospital were divided into endoscopy-assisted axillary lymph node dissection group (the EALND group, n=11) and conventional axillary lymph node dissection group (the CALND group, n=16). Then, we compared the operation time, intra-operative bleeding volume, number of lymph nodes dissected, postoperative drainage time and amount between the two groups. Results The operation time was significantly longer in the EALND group than that in the CALND group [(186.36±11.20) vs. (158.13±25.29) minutes, P=0.002]. The intra-operative bleeding volume of the EALND group was significantly less than that of the CALND group [(61.82±51.54) vs. (103.75±42.56) mL, P=0.030]. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the number of lymph nodes dissected, postoperative drainage time and amount. Follow-up was done for one month to four years, during which no local recurrence or trocar displacing occurred. Conclusion The breast-conserving resection and endoscopy-assisted axillary lymph node dissection can be safely used in early breast cancer patients, and surgical skills should be mastered in the study.
【摘要】 目的 探讨腔镜技术通过不同切口方式取出聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶（polyacrylamide hydrogel，PAHG）注射隆乳剂手术的临床效果，以取得最大隆乳剂清除率。 方法 2008年1月－2011年3月双侧乳房PAHG注射隆乳术后并发症患者35例，将腔镜技术分别应用于经乳房外侧切口和经乳晕切口PAHG注射隆乳剂取出手术。经乳房外侧切口治疗21例，于乳房外侧缘隐匿部位分别选做长约0.5～1.0 cm的切口1～3个，穿刺吸刮PAHG后在腔镜结合彩色多普勒超声彻底清除PAHG；经乳晕切口14例，沿乳晕下缘做2～3 cm弧形切口，吸刮PAHG后，以长头拉钩挑起囊腔，在内镜辅助下通过刮除或吸刮交替清除残留PAHG，彩色多普勒超声扫查确认未见PAHG回声团块。总结比较两种切口中应用腔镜技术的临床经验。 结果 所有患者均顺利完成手术，达到最大限度取出隆乳剂的目的。无中转改变手术方式，无术后出血、感染、引流不畅、隆乳剂残留等并发症；患者均对切口感到满意。经乳晕切口组中6例取出隆乳剂后同期置入硅胶囊假体，该组有1例出现乳头乳晕的感觉敏感度降低。 结论 腔镜辅助下经乳腺外侧切口和经乳晕切口都能够安全、有效并最大限度地取出PAHG注射隆乳剂，具有美容、微创和可以同期切除病变组织的优势，经乳晕切口手术方便同期硅胶囊假体的置入。腔镜技术值得在PAHG注射隆乳剂取出术中进一步推广应用。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the clinical outcome of endoscopic techniques in the removal of injected breast-augmentation polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAHG) through different incision methods in order to achieve a maximal PAHG removal rate. Methods From January 2008 to March 2011, 35 patients with postoperative complications after bilateral breasts PAHG injection were diagnosed and treated in our hospital. Endoscopic techniques were applied to remove PAHG through the lateral incision of breast or the mammary areolar incision. Twenty-one patients were treated with lateral incision in which 1-3 incisions with a length of 0.5-1.0 cm were selected at hidden lateral sites of breasts, and PAHG was removed by vacuum sucking followed by endoscopic technique with Doppler color ultrasound to achieve a complete removal. Fourteen patients were treated with mammary areolar incision where an arc-shaped 2-3 cm incision was made under the lower margin of mammary areola. After vacuum sucking of PAHG, long head hook was used to lift the cyst and endoscopic technique was used along or alternate with sucking to remove the remaining PAHG. Doppler color ultrasound scanned to confirm the absence of PAHG mass. The clinical experiences of these two endoscopic techniques were compared and summarized. Results All patients successfully underwent the surgery and achieved a goal of maximal removal of PAHG. None of the patients had to switch surgery approach, and no such complications as post-surgery bleeding, infection, obstructed drainage or PAHG remaining occurred. Patients were all satisfied with the appearance of incisions. Six patients were given silicone prosthesis implantation after removing PANG through the areola incision, among whom one patient showed a decreasing sensitivity in mammary nipple and areola. Conclusions Both endoscopic techniques through the lateral incision of breast and the mammary areolar incision are safe, and can achieve maximal removal of PAHG. They both have the advantages of beautifying, minimal invasiveness and simultaneous removal of pathologic tissues. The mammary areolar incision facilitates implantation of silicone prosthesis simultaneously. The endoscopic techniques are worthy to be further applied into removal of PAHG
ObjectiveTo discuss the etiological factors and risk factors for peptic ulcer hemorrhage with negative Helicobacter pylori (HP). MethodsA total of 182 patients with peptic ulcer treated in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2012 were chosen in our study. There were 85 cases of hemorrhage among them, with 50 HP positive and 35 HP negative ones. The other 97 patients were without hemorrhage. Etiological factors and correlated risk factors for peptic ulcer hemorrhage with HP negative were analyzed. ResultsHP negative rate of the hemorrhage group was 41.2%, while that rate of the non-hemorrhage group was 14.4%, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The patients with peptic ulcer hemorrhage with negative HP had correlations with age, sex, wine drinking, taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicine and so on. ConclusionPeptic hemorrhage is easily complicated with peptic ulcer with negative HP, and it is intimately correlated with patients' age, sex, wine drinking history, and taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicine, etc.
ObjectiveTo prepare the aortic extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold by using different methods to decellularize porcine ascending aorta and to comprehensively compare the efficiency of decellularization and the damage of ECM, evaluation of biomechanical property and biocompatibil ity. MethodsThirty specimens of fresh porcine ascending aorta were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=5). The porcine ascending aorta was decellularized by 5 different protocols in groups A-E: 0.1% trypsin/0.02% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)/PBS was used in group A, 1%Triton X-100/0.02% EDTA/ distilled water in group B, 1% sodium deoxycholic acid/distilled water in group C, 0.5% sodium deoxycholic acid/0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate/distilled water in group D, and 1% deoxycholic acid/distilled water in group E; and the porcine ascending aorta was not decellularized as control in group F. The ascending aorta scaffolds were investigated by gross examination, HE staining, DNA quantitative analysis, immunohistochemistry, and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the efficiency of decellularization, microstructure of the ECM, the damage of collagen type Ⅰ and elastin, the structure of intimal surface, and biomechanical property. The 90 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=15). Each scaffold was implanted in the abdominal muscles of rats respectively to evaluate the immunogenicity and biocompatibil ity. ResultsHE staining and quantitative analysis of DNA showed that the cells were completely removed only in groups A and D. The expression of collagen type Ⅰ in group A was significantly lower than that in the other 5 groups (P < 0.05), and serious damage of the basement membrane and decreased beomechanical property were observed. The maximum stress and tensile strength in group A was significantly lower than those in the other groups (P < 0.05), and elongation at break was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P < 0.05). The destruction of collagen type Ⅰ was significant (P < 0.05) in group D, but the basement membrane was integrity, the biomechanical properties were close to the natural blood vessels (group F) (P > 0.05). Implantation results showed that the scaffold of group D had superior immunogenicity and histocompatibility to the scaffold of the other groups. The inflammatory reaction was gentle and the number of the inflammatory cell infiltration was lower in group D than in other groups (P < 0.05). ConclusionIt is concludes that 0.5% sodium deoxycholic acid/0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate/distilled water is more suitable for the decellularization of porcine aorta, by which the acquired ECM scaffold has the potential for constructing tissue engineered vessel.