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吸入性肺炎的研究进展

吸人性肺炎是指口咽部分泌物和胃内容物反流吸入至喉部和下呼吸道, 引起的多种肺部综合征, 吸入量较大时可引起急性化学性吸入性肺炎, 如果吸入量小且将咽部寄植菌带入肺内, 可导致细菌性吸入性肺炎, 常见于老年人、患有神经系统疾病或脑血管病的患者, 是导致老年人死亡的主要危险因素。其他吸入综合征包括气道阻塞、肺脓肿、外源性类脂质综合征、慢性间质性肺炎和偶发分枝杆菌性肺炎等。现将细菌性吸入性肺炎( 简称吸入性肺炎) 的研究进展综述如下。

全肺灌洗治疗吸入性肺炎一例

Effects of Prone Position Ventilation on Oxygenation,Hemodynamics and Airway Drainage in Patients with Severe Aspiration Pneumonia with ARDS

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of prone position ventilation on oxygenation,hemodynamics and airway drainage in patients with severe aspiration pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods28 patients with severe aspiration pneumonia with ARDS admitted between January 2010 and June 2012 were recruited in the study. They were ventilated in prone position with sedation and paralysis. Mean blood pressure (MAP),heart rate (HR),central venous pressure (CVP),pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2),arterial oxygen tension (PaO2),carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2),oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) and sputum drainage were recorded in the time points of initial supine position,prone position 1h,prone position 2h,and return to supine position 2h. ResultsCompared with the time point of initial supine position,PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 increased significantly after 1 and 2 hours in prone position [PaO2:(85±12)mm Hg and (97±10)mm Hg vs. (65±11)mm Hg;PaO2/FiO2:(150±37)mm Hg and (158±50)mm Hg vs. (130±28)mm Hg;all P<0.05]. The effects of oxygenation improving were persistent 2h after return to supine position [PaO2:(87±11)mm Hg;PaO2/FiO2:(150±52)mm Hg,P<0.05]. There was no significant difference in MAP,HR,CVP,or SpO2 during the study. Airway sputum drainage was significantly increased 2h after in prone position compared with that in initial supine position [(15.3±2.0)mL vs. (8.1±1.1)mL,P<0.05]. Airway sputum drainage had no significant difference among 1h afer prone position,2h after return to supine position and the initial supine position [(9.1±1.0)mL and (8.3±1.2) mL vs. (8.1±1.1)mL,P>0.05]. ConclusionProne position ventilation can improve the oxygenation in patients with severe aspiration pneumonia with ARDS,and the effects of oxygenation improvement can be persistent till 2h after return to supine position. Prone position ventilation can improve sputum drainage without significant influence on hemodynamics,thus can be used as an adjuvant treatment for severe aspiration pneumonia with ARDS. The duration of prone position ventilation needs to be prolonged for patients with much airway secretion.