目的 探讨可逆性胼胝体压部病变的临床特征和致病机制。 方法 总结Pubmed和Springer数据库中2000年1月1日－2011年8月1日报道的年龄＞6岁的可逆性胼胝体压部病变患者的临床特征，分析该病可能的致病机制。 结果 14例患者中男7例，女7例；年龄（27.4 ± 15.6）岁，最小7岁，最大58岁；病因为发热、疫苗接种、感染、癫痫发作、接受抗癫痫药物或突然停用抗癫痫药治疗、接受四环素或氟尿嘧啶治疗、营养不良、慢性酒精消耗，临床症状出现率50%，为视幻觉、错觉、定向功能障碍、意识模糊、嗜睡、共济失调步态、急性尿潴留；可逆性胼胝体病变持续时间为（20.6 ± 14.5） d，最短2 d，最长50 d，影像学特征是T1加权成像低或等信号，T2加权成像、弥散加权成像高信号，表观弥散系数成像低信号，水抑制成像常无明显结构或信号异常发现，T1-钆对比剂增强成像无病灶强化。 结论 可逆性胼胝体压部病变病因多样，临床表现复杂，致病机制可能主要为低钠血症、低血糖、精氨酸血管加压素功能紊乱、感染或药物毒性等导致胼胝体压部细胞毒性水肿。
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of hamstring tendon and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon autograft for Achilles tendon defects reconstruction. Methods Between February 2009 and October 2011, 9 patients (9 feet) with Achilles tendon defect were treated with hamstring tendon and FHL tendon autograft. Of 9 cases, 6 were male and 3 were female with an average age of 43 years (range, 21-65 years), including 5 cases of chronic Achilles tendon ruptures caused by sport injury and 4 cases of Achilles tendon defects caused by resection of tendon lesion (2 cases of hyaline degeneration with necrosis, 1 case of giant cell tumor, and 1 case of chronic inflammation with hyaline degeneration). The disease duration ranged from 31 to 387 days (mean, 137.6 days). The defect length was 5 to 18 cm (mean, 8.6 cm). Functional exercise of the ankle began at 6 weeks after plaster fixation. Results Dehiscence and effusion occurred in 2 cases and plantar pain caused by injury of tibial nerve in 1 case; primary healing of wound was obtained in the other patients without complication. Nine patients were followed up 19.7 months on average (range, 13-25 months); no re-rupture was observed. There was no significant difference in the dorsal extension between at preoperation and at 1 year and last follow-up after operation (P gt; 0.05); the ankle plantar flexion at 1 year and last follow-up after operation was significantly larger than that at preoperation (P lt; 0.05). The ankle plantar flexion and dorsal extension at 1 year and last follow-up after operation were significantly larger than those at 3 months after operation (P lt; 0.05), but no significant difference was found between at 1 year and last follow-up (P gt; 0.05). American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and short-form 36 health survey scale (SF-36) scores were significantly increased at postoperation when compared with scores at preoperation (P lt; 0.05), and the scores at last follow-up were significantly higher than those at 3 months after operation (P lt; 0.05). The Achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS) at last follow-up was significantly higher than that at 3 months after operation (t= — 7.982, P=0.000). Conclusion Combined hamstring tendon and FHL tendon autograft is one of the effect methods to reconstruction Achilles tendon defects.