中国的胆道疾病有自己的特点，也是东亚地区的特点。它严重危害人民的生命和健康，损害劳动力，比西方的胆道病更重。中国胆道外科应有自己的特色。自成都发现胆道蛔虫病开始，积累胆道感染和肝内结石病临床资料60年来，全国各地广泛深入的临床和实验研究已取得重大成绩。许多成绩不是单纯引进或照搬外国经验，而是针对自己面临的特殊实际情况，运用现代西方医学或与祖国传统医学相结合，独立自主研究取得的。我们已经解决或基本上解决了很多临床实际问题，但还有一些重大问题没有解决，或没有完全解决，有些问题还没有提上议事日程，它与西方的胆道外科自然有基本的共性，所以，我们的研究课题，既是中国的，也是世界的。自从改革开放以来，随着人们物质生活的改善，胆道病谱也有了明显改变，原发性胆管结石症在城市明显减少，农村乡镇所见也缓慢地趋向减少，胆囊结石病则趋向增多。但是，还不能说以原发性胆管结石病为主要对象的中国胆道外科正走向没落，没有多少研究课题了。应当着重提出，当今对胆管病研究的，实际上是整个胆道问题，包括全胆道若干艰深问题。我们的研究除深入胆管病外，也应加强胆囊病的研究力度。
ObjectiveTo do a brief introduction and prospects for simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplanta-tion from aspects of recipient screening, choice of operative method, prognosis, quality of life, and complications. MethodDomestic and international literatures were collected to summary the effect, prognosis, and the latest progress of simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation in the treatment of diabetes. ResultsAs a kind of mature treatment of diabetic with end-stage renal disease, simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation had been carried out in most transplantation centers around the world, it had the definite therapeutic effect and controllable side effects, the life quality of posttransplantation patients would be improved notably. However, the screen of transplantation patient, the selection of transplantation operation, and the postoperative immunosuppressive protocols had not yet been reached a consensus. ConclusionsSimultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation is the most effective treatment for type 1 diabetes patients with end-stage renal disease, it provides a more feasible and more physiological way for the secretion of insulin. Although the patient has to undergo a major operation and take some risk, simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation still improves the patient's survival rate and the quality of life, and reduces the incidence of complications related to diabetes. Based on the above reasons, simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation should be a preferred treatment for all eligible patients.