针刺平行随机对照试验通常没有准确报告试验组和对照组的干预方法.为促进标准化,国际上有经验的针刺医师和研究者组成的小组制定了一些原则,即针刺临床对照试验中干预措施报告的标准(缩写为STRICTA).在征求意见过程中,一些期刊编辑协助对此标准进行了修改,使之与随机对照试验报告的标准(CON-SORT)格式一致,作为该指南对针剌研究报告的延伸.参与此事的杂志编辑已确定要发表该标准,建议其作者群按照此标准准备论文,并将邀请更多杂志采用该标准.目的是使针剌对照试验的干预措施充分报告,从而有利于对这些研究的严格评价、分析及这些措施的推广.
In recent years, an increasing amount of systematic reviews have been published; however, few reviews adequately considered and reported details of interventions, which not only limited the usability of systematic reviews but also wasted resource. In order to improve reporting of intervention details in systematic reviews, BMJ recently published recommendations. This paper interprets the recommendations to improve usability of systematic reviews.
Objective To systematic review the international interventions on mental health of involuntary migrants, and evaluate the effects of different interventions. Methods We searched 10 international electronic databases and 3 grey literature databases to November 2008. Websites of relevant organizations and Google were searched for any missing information. Research papers that reported describing or evaluating any interventions on preventing and treating mental health problems of involuntary migrants were included. Two reviewers independently screened, appraised and extracted the data, disagreements were resolved by discussion. Implemented interventions were summarized and analyzed by qualitative synthesis method. As there was heterogeneity in the type of interventions, study design, and outcomes, the study results were not pooled statistically in meta analysis. Results Of the 35 studies included in the analysis, 16 studies aimed to describe intervention strategies, while 19 studies were to evaluate effectiveness of interventions. The targeted population were mainly refugees and asylum seekers caused by the war, violence and other tortures, while only one study targeted at reservoir migrants. All the psychological interventions were divided into prevention intervention and treatment intervention. The main interventions include: integrated psychological intervention, group treatment, cognitive behavior therapy, testimony, narrative exposure therapy, supportive counseling service, family support and therapy, etc. Of which, integrated psychological interventions are the most common intervention. Most of the studies evaluating effectiveness are observational studies, while only six are controlled trials. The results of most evaluation studies show that the implemented psychological interventions have positive impact on mental health of involuntary migrants. Conclusions There are limited intervention studies on mental health of involuntary migrants, and evaluation studies are lack of rigorous design. More research especially preventive intervention study is required. High-quality trials with large sample and rigorous design are needed to evaluate the most effective psycho-interventions for different groups of involuntary migrants.
Objective To know the status quo of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infection in primary general hospitals, analyze the differences among various intervention measures, and put forward guiding principles for MDRO infection control in primary general hospitals. Methods We investigated all patients (n=51 612) admitted into the hospital between January 2013 and December 2015, and found out 6 types of MDRO. Pre-interventional investigation was carried out between January 2013 and June 2014 (before intervention) during which no intervention measures were taken; Intervention was carried out between July 2014 and December 2015 (after intervention). All departments in the hospital (6 groups) were matched with intervention measures (6 groups) randomly. Then, we compared the MDRO detection rate, nosocomial infection case rate and intervention compliance rate among the groups. Results We detected altogether 611 MDRO cases (without duplication) out of the 51 612 cases. The total detection rate of MDRO was 1.18%. The detection rate of MDRO before and after intervention was 1.37% and 1.01%, respectively. The difference between the two was of statistical significance (P<0.05). After the intervention, the detection rate in groups 1, 5 and 6 was significantly lower than before (P<0.05); the differences in detection rate among groups 2, 3, and 4 were not significant (P> 0.05). Nosocomial infection rate decreased from 0.28% before intervention to 0.14% after intervention (P<0.05). After the intervention, MDRO nosocomial infection case rate of groups 1, 5 and 6 was significantly lower than before (P<0.05); the rate was lower in groups 3 and 4 than before without any significance (P>0.05); no MDRO cases were detected in group 2 and comparison was meaningless. The knowledge rates of medical workers and of nursing staff increased from 52.97% and 20.00% before intervention to 78.76% and 66.34% after intervention, respectively (χ2=30.670, 38.604;P<0.05). The compliance to all kinds of protection measures improved significantly (P<0.05) except compliances to equipment of hand antiseptic agent and patient transfer order (P> 0.05). Conclusion Promoting the compliance rate to hand hygiene and environmental cleaning and disinfection, primary general hospitals can decrease the detection rate and nosocomial infection case rate of MDRO.
ObjectiveTo explore the corresponding intervention measures to reduce maternal mortality rate by analyzing the causes and problems of maternal deaths. MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted to analyze all cases of maternal mortality from January 2005 to June 2013 in West China Second University Hospital. ResultsAmong the 14 cases of maternal deaths, the main diseases of the patients were pregnancy complicated with heart disease, hypertensive disorders, obstetric hemorrhage, amniotic fluid embolism and ectopic pregnancy. Four cases got prescriptive prenatal care during pregnancy, accounting for 28.6% (4/14), while 10 cases did not, accounting for 71.4% (10/14). Six patients died in prenatal period which accounted for 42.9% (6/14), while 8 died in postnatal period which accounted for 57.1% (6/14) and 5 died within 24 hours which accounted for 62.5% (5/8). Seven underwent cesarean section and 6 fetuses survived. Two went through trial of labor and no fetus survived. There was no ordered postmortem. ConclusionIntensifying education of prenatal care during pregnancy, improving quality of obstetrical service and diathesis of healthcare professionals, strengthening the supervision of high-risk pregnancy and timely choosing the time and manner of delivery are the main measures to decrease the maternal mortality.
目的 探讨心理干预措施对改善妇科恶性肿瘤患者的生命质量的作用及有效性。 方法 对2008年11月－2010年11月收治的87例妇科恶性肿瘤患者，随机分为试验组与对照组，试验组43例，实施心理干预及常规治疗；对照组44例，采取常规治疗；并对两组患者入院后及出院前生存质量、心理状况以问卷调查方式进行资料收集，用以比较、评价心理干预对改善妇科恶性肿瘤患者生命质量的作用及效果。 结果 妇科恶性肿瘤患者抑郁发生率为56.3%（49/87），焦虑发生率为62.1%（54/87）； 心理干预后两组患者组间各指标比较，试验组患者的总体健康状况、生存质量、角色功能、情绪功能、认知功能得分比对照组增高（P＜0.05）；试验组患者疲倦、恶心呕吐、失眠、食欲下降、便秘症状、抑郁、焦虑得分比对照组得分下降（P＜0.05）。 结论 心理干预可改变妇科肿瘤患者的负性心理倾向，缓解抑郁、焦虑等情绪，减轻化疗药物所引起的系列副作用，能有效提高其生活质量。
ObjectivesTo systematically review the efficacy of seven types of cognitive interventions for older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's Disease (AD).MethodsWe searched The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP and CBM databases to collect randomized controlled trials on cognitive interventions for mild to moderate Alzheimer's Disease (AD) from inception to January 2018. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. STATA 14.0 software was then used to perform a meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 49 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The results of network meta-analysis revealed that each cognitive intervention had significantly improved the cognitive ability of AD patients. Specifically, nursing intervention (NI) (MD=3.01, 95%CI 1.70 to 4.50, P<0.005) was the most effective enhancer of cognitive ability, followed by music therapy (MT) (MD=2.60, 95%CI 0.96 to 4.30, P<0.001), physical exercise (PE) (MD=2.4, 95%CI 1.0 to 3.9, P<0.001), cognitive rehabilitation (CR) (MD=2.3, 95% CI 0.92 to 3.7, P=0.013), cognitive simulation (CS) (MD=1.7, 95%CI 1.2 to 2.3, P=0.037), computerized cognitive training (CCT) (MD=1.6, 95%CI 0.42 to 2.8, P<0.001), and pharmacological therapies (PT) (MD=1.5, 95%CI 0.24 to 2.8, P=0.041).ConclusionsThe seven types of cognitive interventions are helpful in improving the cognitive ability of Alzheimer's patients, and nursing intervention is the most effective cognitive intervention. Moreover, non-pharmacological therapies may be better than pharmacological therapies.
ObjectiveTo explore the influence of nursing interruption event intervention on the incidence of nursing risk events. MethodsIn January 2012, we carried out intervention on nursing interruption events. And general situation questionnaire was used on December 30th, 2011 (control group) and December 30th, 2012 (intervention group) respectively to investigate 190 clinical nurses. ResultsThe occurrence of the interruption events was positively correlated with the incidence of nursing risk events. Effective intervention significantly reduced the incidence of risk events (P<0.05). ConclusionEffective prevention of adverse outcomes caused by interruption events reduces the risk of nursing, improves the quality of care, and ensures the safety of the patient.
ObjectiveTo systematically interpret the updated risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions version 2 (ROBINS-I V2) in 2024, summarizing its key improvements, operational procedures, and clinical application value. MethodsThrough literature review and case studies, the improvements of ROBINS-I V2 were compared with the 2016 version, including the expansion of bias domains, refinement of signaling questions, and optimization of decision flowcharts. A retrospective study in stomatology was used to demonstrate the practical application of the tool. ResultsThe ROBINS-I V2 tool has restructured the hierarchy and refined the definitions of bias domains, optimized the evaluation processes across seven risk-of-bias dimensions, and minimized subjective judgment errors through standardized decision flowcharts. ConclusionROBINS-I V2 significantly improves the rigor of bias assessment in non-randomized intervention studies through its scientific design and standardized workflow. It is recommended for evidence quality grading and decision-making support in clinical research.