Objective To use Kaiser model, three-dimensional risk matrix and Borda ordinal value method comprehensively to analyze the vulnerability of disasters, and identify the key prevention and control risks of the hospital. Methods From June to December 2020, a disaster vulnerability analysis was conducted on a tertiary hospital in southwest China. The risk event evaluation index system was established by referring to the Kaiser model, and the evaluation indexes were classified into three aspects: possibility, controllability and harmfulness. The three-dimensional risk matrix was used to calculate the risk score to determine the risk level. The Borda ordinal value was used to compare the ranking of risk events in the same risk level. Result “Violent medical injuries” “terrorist attacks” and “explosions” were the highest ranked risk events, which needed to be prioritized and targeted for improvement. Conclusions Disaster vulnerability analysis is an important means of emergency management in hospitals. Managers should dynamically assess hospital risks, take effective preventive measures for high-risk events, conduct emergency plan drills, continuously improve risk warning mechanisms, and enhance emergency management capabilities.
目的:了解参与“5?12”四川大地震救援医护人员的应急减灾与备灾现状,为促进备灾教育和备灾行为提供参考依据。方法： 用自行设计的调查表,对参加四川大地震医疗救援的223名医护人员及其所在医疗机构的应急减灾与备灾情况等进行调查。结果: 本调查中的全体医护人员所在医疗机构地震发生时均采取了积极的应急减灾处理,成功地履行了医护人员救死扶伤的神圣使命。经历大地震后,95.1%～83.9%医护人员所在医疗机构对急救减灾对策、物资应急供应装备与后勤保障方面的备灾措施进行了加强与完善,但信息畅通的保障与备灾行动的落实方面尚存在不足;85.7%～64.6%医护人员所在医疗机构建立或完善了相关备灾规章制度与指南。结论： 经历“5?12”大地震后,医疗机构在应急救治能力的储备、救援人员的反应力与意识、信息畅通、物资供应保障等方面具有了一定的备灾基础,同时也提示了对于促进备灾教育和备灾行动的落实以及进一步完善相关制度/手册的必要性和迫切性。
ObjectiveTo explore the application value of “Project Work Mode of West China” in the online prevention and control of new coronavirus (2019-nCoV).MethodBased on the rich experience of earthquake relief and project management in West China Hospital of Sichuan University, the “Project Work Mode of West China” was continuously optimized by PDCA cycle.ResultsThe “Project Work Mode of West China” could be applied to the 2019-ncov public health emergency, and the closed loop of rapid response had been established. The whole project team ran well and the system operation and maintenance were stable.ConclusionsThe “Project Work Mode of West China” provides a working path for the online epidemic prevention and control. The use of internet remote cooperative office effectively promotes the scientific emergency management of the epidemic and plays an active role in the online epidemic prevention and control.
目的 探讨成都市传染病医院护理应急体系的构建方法、效果。 方法 成立护理应急管理小组；组建护理应急梯队；储备应急物资和设备；加强护理应急人员知识技能培训和实战演练；严格防护措施与消毒隔离流程。 结果 出色地完成了多次突发传染病的救治工作，培养了一支具有丰富应急救治经验的专业护理人员队伍。 结论 建立完善的护理应急体系可有效提高突发事件的应急保障能力。
Objective To provide evidence for the establishment and improvement of public health system in China by comparing national public health emergency system of some representative countries.Methods The principle and method of evidence-based science were applied to search and evaluate data from the official websites of China, United States, United Kingdom, Australia and Singapore. The performance of each country’s public health emergency response system in SARS prevention and control, as well as their organization structure and mechanism were compared. The existing problems and corresponding countermeasures were then put forward. Results Public health system showed the best performance was in US, UK and Australia. The responding mechanism of Singapore was highly admired by WHO. The organization structure of China was similar to that of developed countries, but its performance was far lagged behind because of insufficient financial support, poor management and inefficient operational mechanism. Conclusions The public health emergency response system in China needs to be reformed by giving priority to mechanism reinforcement. Different models should be taken into account regarding different regional situations in China.
Objective To provide evidence for the construction of a hospital emergency mechanism for internal supervision, based on and analysis of demands and the identification of effective measures. Methods The concepts of evidence-based health care and management methods were applied. Through the systematic collection of relevant information from CNKI and other sources, and in the light of empirical evidence following the Wenchuan earthquake, suggestions were presented. Results We identified 182 studies. The hospital emergency mechanism for internal supervision is very important in dealing with unexpected incidents. The implementation, funding and material support are the focus of supervision. Cooperation, discipline, and standardized procedures are the key to an effective mechanism. Conclusions It is suggested that the construction of a hospital emergency mechanism for internal supervision should involve prevention, response and recovery.
Objective To report the anti-epidemic work for counterpart-supporting Longmen township, the epicenter of Lushan earthquake, by Mianyang health and epidemic prevention team from the first day to one month after the earthquake. Methods a) The following information was collected: work information and report forms of each counterpart-support small group, government work information, work information statistics and historical epidemic materials of health center, and epidemic prevention materials of Beichuan county. b) The epidemic prevention work of Longmen township from the first day to one month after earthquake were documentarily described, the expert group review was adopted to assess the disaster situation, epidemic situation and health needs, and the visual observation and trace method were used to monitor the vectors. Results a) The first team arrived in Ya’an city at the 19th hour after earthquake. The members of the team put forward the “City in-charge-of Township counterpart-support anti-epidemic mode” and they were approved to counterpart-support Longmen township. b) The second team involving 48 members assigned to the first team within 5 days after earthquake. Totally 224 local people were called up and they carried out a comprehensive work based on the “City in-charge-of Township counterpart-support anti-epidemic mode”: water quality and disease surveillance, disinfection and disinsectization at key sites, epidemic prevention in settlements, large-scale health education, and psychological intervention. c) As of 1 month after the earthquake, Mianyang health and epidemic prevention team had dispatched 20 vehicles and 122 people participated in the post-disaster epidemic prevention in Longmen township. The total disinfection area was 1 725 400 square meters, and disinsectization area was 1 162 500 square meters; 184 water samples were collected, and 7 717 family-times’ drinking water disinfection were guided; nearly 28 000 publicity materials were distributed; 8 636 people were visited and received for diagnosis; 33 cases with watery diarrhea and 16 cases with fever were found; 117 people were trained about mental health service, 3 mental health service stations were set up, and 1 152 people were helped with special population mental health services. Conclusion a) Mianyang health and epidemic prevention team combined the special requirements of epidemic prevention in Lushan earthquake with the proficient experiences and work modes of epidemic prevention in Mianyang as the extremely-severe stricken area in Wenchuan earthquake, and put forward the “City in-charge-of Township counterpart-support mode” which is implemented and verified in the anti-epidemic practice in epicenter of Longmen Township. b) Compared with the epidemic prevention in Qushan township of Beichuan county which is the epicenter of both Lushan and Wenchuan earthquakes: the following 8 aspects (including the “City in-charge-of Township counterpart-support” formed, the first anti-epidemic team entered into the village, full coverage of anti-epidemic team entered into the village, direct reporting network recovered, settlement’s regular administration started, water supply guaranteed, drinking water monitoring initiated, emergency vaccination initiated) were performed earlier in Lushan than Wenchuan, with 42 days, 2 days, 32 days, 4 days, 10 days, 6 days, 7 days, and 19 days in advance, respectively. c) The overall performance is faster, more reasonable, and more efficient. It can provide first-hand information for globally similar earthquake’s epidemic prevention, and also the decision-making and reference for both post-disaster reconstruction and construction of regional state disaster emergency response system.
Objective To explore the impact of hospital staff’s risk perception on their emergency responses, and provide reference for future responses to public health emergencies. Methods Based on participatory observation and in-depth interviews, the staff of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University who participated in the prevention and control of the coronavirus disease 2019 from April to September 2020 were selected. The information on risk perception and emergency responses of hospital staff was collected. Results A total of 61 hospital staff were included. The positions of hospital staff were involved including hospital leading group, hospital office, medical department, logistics support department and outpatient isolation area. The interview results showed that both individual and organizational factors of hospital staff would affect the risk perception of hospital staff, thus affecting the emergency responses of hospital staff, mainly reflected in the psychological and behavioral aspects. Among them, their psychological reactions were manifested as more confidence, sensitivity, and sense of responsibility and mission; The behavior aspects was mainly reflected in the initiation time, execution ability, and standardization level of emergency responses actions. Conclusion Therefore, relevant departments should pay attention to the risk perception of hospital staff, improve the risk perception and emergency responses of hospital staff by influencing the individual and organizational factors of hospital staff, so as to respond more effectively to future public health emergencies and reduce the adverse impact of public health emergencies on the work of hospital staff.