ObjectiveTo review the research advances about myeloid derived suppressor cells(MDSC)and pancreatic cancer, and explore the future research trends. MethodRelated literatures in recent 5 years from abroad databases(PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE)and domestic databases(CNKI, WANFANG, and WEIPU)were collected and reviewed. ResultsThe MDSC was the core of tumor immune regulation network in pancreatic cancer microenvironment, it formed a complicated feedback with the pancreatic cancer and the stellate cells. MDSC could promote the cancerogensis and progression of pancreatic cancer, and the accumulation of MDSC in peripheral blood of pancreatic cancer patient could predict the poor prognosis. However up to now, the literatures about the relation between MDSC and the chemotherapy and metastasis of pancreatic cancer were limited. ConclusionsThe comprehensive therapy by targeting MDSC of pancreatic cancer is promising. However, many issues need to be further investigated.
Objective To explore changes and challenges on management of chronic pancreatitis. Methods The updated clinical guidelines and the latest research findings were collected and reviewed. Results The proposition of a new mechanistic definition and identification of an early stage give us a novel insight into chronic pancreatitis. The intraductal pancreatic calcifications has been regarded as the most reliable ultrasonography and CT features of chronic pancreatitis. In addition, the endoscopic ultrasonography is also of great value. The present surgical strategies are established on the concepts of step-up approach and damage control. The surgery perform better than the endoscopic treatment in the long-term outcome, but the timing course of surgery need to be further investigated. Conclusions Early diagnosis and treatment plays a critical role in cases of chronic pancreatitis. More patients of chronic pancreatitis should be treated in a multidisciplinary team as future perspectives.
ObjectiveTo investigate the growth characteristics of pancreatic cancer cells in the twodimensional culture system (monolayer) and threedimensional culture system (type Ⅰ collagen and extracellular matrix gel). MethodsThree pancreatic cancer cell lines (SW1990, PCT, and ASPC1) were cultured in monolayer, type Ⅰ collagen, and extracellular matrix gel, respectively. The growth patterns were observed, growth curves were detected by CCK8 test, and the cell cycle distributions were analyzed by propidium iodide staining. Results In the twodimensional culture system, cells grew in monolayer. In the type Ⅰ collagen and the ECM gel threedimensional culture system, cells formed multicellular spheroids (MCS), of which the growth rates were slower than those of the cells in monolayer. The proportions of S phase of SW1990, PCT, and ASPC1 cells in twodimensional culture system were significantly more than those in the type Ⅰ collagen on 4 d and 8 d 〔(29.6±3.0)% vs. (18.2±5.1)%, (33.6±2.1)% vs. (14.5±3.2)%, (33.1±1.8)% vs. (24.7±2.6)%; Plt;0.05〕, while the difference of proportion of three cell lines in G2/M phase was not different between twodimensional culture system and type Ⅰ collagen (Pgt;0.05). The proportions of G0/G1 phase of SW1990 and PCT cells cultured in the type Ⅰ collagen on 4 d and 8 d and ASPC1 cells cultured in the type Ⅰ collagen on 4 d were significant more than those cultured in twodimensional culture system (Plt;0.05). The proportions of S phase of ASPC1 cells and SW1990 cells cultured in the type Ⅰ collagen on 4 d were significant more than those cultured in the type Ⅰ collagen on 8 d (Plt;0.05). ConclusionsThe characteristics of pancreatic cancer cells in twodimensional and threedimensional culture systems are different. MCS culture system can better mimic the in vivo growth environment of cells in tumors.
【摘要】目的 探讨甲状腺癌的诊断及治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析我院1999~2003年期间收治的178例行手术治疗的甲状腺癌患者的临床资料。结果 本组患者术前B超检查均发现甲状腺内实性或囊实性结节,其中结节内伴微钙化灶者50例（28.1%），B超检查对于颈部淋巴结转移的阳性预告值为78.1%。行术中冰冻切片检查162例，诊断甲状腺癌144例，阳性率为88.9%。术后病理检查证实有淋巴结转移者为34.3%（61/178），甲状腺癌局部或患侧叶切除术后行二次以上手术者30例，残癌率为43.3%（13/30）。结论 声音嘶哑及B超检查提示甲状腺结节内微钙化灶对甲状腺癌的术前诊断有重要提示意义，亦可作为是否行颈淋巴结清扫的指征之一。术中冰冻切片检查是确诊甲状腺癌的最佳方法。患叶+峡部+对侧大部切除是甲状腺癌的主要手术方式。
Objective To investigate the mechanism of the resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)mediated apoptosis. MethodsThe expression of TRAIL receptor-4 (TRAIL-R4) in normal pancreas tissue and pancreatic cancer was analyzed by using Northern blotting, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.ResultsTRAIL-R4 mRNA and protein were expressed at moderate to high levels in human pancreatic cancer, but demonstrated weak to negative in the normal pancreas. Moreover, pancreatic cancer cells showed b TRAIL-R4 immunostaining throughout the tumor mass. Conclusion TRAIL-R4 levels are significantly different in pancreatic cancer in comparison to the normal pancreas. These findings give new insights into the resistance mechanisms of pancreatic cancer cells towards TRAILmediated apoptosis.
Objective To introduce the research progress in the effect of chemotherapeutic resistance of metabolic enzymes of gemcitabine to pancreatic cancer.Methods Recent literatures about metabolic enzymes that played key roles in mediating gemcitabine chemotherapeutic resistance of pancreatic cancer were collected and reviewed. Results The metabolic enzymes of gemcitabine, such as hENT1, dCK, RRM1 and CDA, were closely related to chemotherapeutic resistance of pancreatic cancer. The relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphism of metabolic enzymes and the resistance to gemcitabine remained to be clarified. Conclusion Multiple factors are involved in the mechanism of chemotherapeutic resistance of pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine, which needs further research.
Objective To evaluate the utility of collagen-gel droplet embedded-culture drug sensitivity test (CD-DST) in pancreatic carcinoma cell by compared with WST-8. Methods The chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), gemzar (GEM) and oxaliplatin (OXA) of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells SW1990, PCT-3 and ASPC-1 were tested by WST-8 and CD-DST respectively. Results In a certain living cell number range (500-10 000), there was a linear correlation (r=0.991 1, P＜0.05) between the integral optical density in CD-DST and the cell number. The inhibition ratios of three kinds of cell growth tested by CD-DST were higher than those tested by WST-8 (P＜0.05). The results of drug chemosensitivity to 5-FU， GEM and OXA detected by two methods were uniform. Conclusion The CD-DST can be used to assay the drug chemosensitivity in vitro for pancreatic carcinoma.
【Abstract】 Objective To detect the expression of lung resistance protein (LRP) and investigate its significance in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines (SW1990, PCT-2, PCT-3, PCT-4, Aspc-1, Capan-1, Mia-PaCa-2 and Panc-1). Methods Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry (ICC) were carried out to investigate the expression of LRP. Results LRP mRNA was absent in PCT-2 cell line by RT-PCR. Mild to moderate expression level was found in other pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. PCT-4, Aspc-1 and Panc-1 presented the highest LRP mRNA expression level, in contrast, SW1990, PCT-3, Capan-1 and Mia-PaCa-2 showed moderate LRP mRNA expression. The median value was 0.56±0.33. LRP was further validated by ICC. Absent to weak protein expression of LRP was found in PCT-2 and PCT-3. Overexpressed LRP was present in SW1990, Capan-1 and Aspc-1, furthermore, the highest expression of LRP was found in Panc-1, Mia-PaCa-2 and PCT-4 cell lines. Conclusion All these data showed that LRP might play an important role in multidrug resistance of pancreatic carcinoma.