As emerging means of cancer treatment, immunotherapy is the fourth major therapeutic strategy after surgery, chemoradiotherapy, and targeted therapy, which benefits patients a lot. It has been more than 100 years for the medical community exploring how to harness the immune system to fight cancer. Since the advent of ipilimumab in 2011, the first checkpoint inhibitor, cancer immunotherapy represented by checkpoint inhibitors has exploded. Several programmed death protein-1 and programmed cell death ligand-1 inhibitors have successively been approved to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer in the second-line setting or even the first-line setting. But checkpoint inhibitors therapy has only achieved limited benefit at the present stage. Exploring potential predictive biomarkers and mechanisms of resistance are in need of further consideration to optimize immunotherapy.
目的 比较经尿道前列腺剜除术（TUEP）与经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）的疗效。 方法 2010年11月－2011年3月，收治前列腺增生（BPH）患者58例，分别采用TUEP（30例）、TURP（28例）治疗。患者年龄55～87岁，平均73岁；病程1～12年，平均5年。术前常规行直肠指检前列腺光滑无结节；经直肠前列腺彩色超声多普勒检查，测得前列腺体积为50～80 mL，平均62 mL；血清前列腺特异性抗原＜10 ng/mL。 结果 TUEP组术中出血量、术后冲洗时间均短于TURP，切除前列腺组织体积大于TURP组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术后拔除尿管后发生暂时性尿失禁TUEP组1例，TURP组发生2例，两组比较差异无统计学意义；两组均无永久性尿失禁发生。 结论 TUEP与TURP相比较，TUEP手术疗效好，出血少、恢复快，且并发症少。
The 12th Asian Conference on Pharmacoepidemiology (ACPE) has been successfully held from October 11st to 13rd, 2019 in Kyoto, Japan. More than 600 representatives from 33 countries and regions participated in the meeting. The arrangement of this conference mainly included: education session program, contributed papers report, symposium and poster presentation, which provided good opportunity for participants to communicate. Moreover, it promoted the dissemination and utilization of advanced methods and technologies of global pharmacoepidemiology, especially in Asia region, and provided technical support in order to ensure the safety and efficacy of public. Moreover, it was the first time that the symposium on herbal and Traditional Medicines has been set up in the ACPE. This paper introduced the main details of the contents
目的：讨论剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的早期正确诊断方法和适当的治疗措施。方法：回顾性分析我院35例剖宫产瘢痕妊娠病例的临床表现、超声影像和治疗方法。结果：33例病例经血βhCG测定、B超或彩超确诊，2例行清宫术或诊刮术时发生大出血，后经彩超修正诊断。31例接受药物、清宫等保守性治疗，4例接受介入治疗，所有病例均好转或痊愈。结论：广大临床医师对剖宫产瘢痕妊娠认识的提高，以及超声检查技术的发展，使早期明确诊断和成功保守治疗该病成为可能。
Objective To investigate and compare the difference between two implants of reconstructing anterior cruciate l igament (ACL) for the early heal ing of implants tunnel interface in terms of biological mechanism. Methods Fiftyfive adult New Zealand rabbits weighing 2.0-2.8 kg were selected. Patellar l igament with tibia-bone block was obtained fromthe left knee joint serving as donor site, right knee joint served as the recipient site of autograft for ACL reconstruction. Thebone block end of implant was bone-bone interface heal ing model, while the l igament end was tendon-bone interface heal ing model. The general condition of rabbits was observed after operation, the gross observation and histology observation were conducted at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after operation (n=5), and biomechanics examination was conducted at 4 and 8 weeks after operation (n=20). Results Rabbits behaved normally after operation. The gross observation indicated that ACL had complete continuity and moderate tension during experiment. Histology observation: most part of bone-bone interface was connected by fibrous tissue, while the tendon-bone interface was mainly filled by granulation tissue 2 weeks after operation; most part of bone-bone interface was bone union, and there were osteogenesis reaction and large quantity of fibroblasts in the tendonbone interface 4 weeks after operation; complete bone union was evident in bone-bone interface, and the appearance of Sharpey fibers and the formation of indirect insertion occured in part of tendon-bone interface 8 weeks after operation. Biomechanics observation: the pull-out rate for tendon-bone interface and bone-bone interface 4 weeks after operation was 85% and 15%, respectively; while it was 95% and 5% 8 weeks after operation, respectively; indicating there was a significant difference between two groups (P lt; 0.001). Conclusion In the early stage after ACL reconstruction, bone-bone interface is better than tendonbone interface in terms of intensity and speed of heal ing.
Objective To investigate the surgical effect on different types of spinal canal stenosis of retrograde degeneration. Methods The retrospective analysis was performed on 96 patients (85 males, 11 females; average age 54, range 39-71) admitted from September 2001 to January 2004 for spinal canal stenosis of retrograde degeneration. The patients were divided into five groups according to their clinical symptoms and signs and the imaging of the spinal cord. In group A, 39 patients had one segment of the spinal canal stenosis and they underwent the recessively expanding operation through the intervertebral canal by opening a window between the vertebral plates. In group B,21 patients had stenosis of the central vertebral canal of one segment and theyunderwent excision of the intervertebral disc through the window opened betweenthe vertebral plates and the recessively expanding operation.In group C, 18 patients had degenerative spinal derangement of one segment and they underwent decompression through the window opened between the bilateral vertebral plates and the recessively expanding operation, and then underwent the internal fixation and bone grafting. In group D, 11 patients had the mixed stenosis of the vertebralcanal of more than 2 segments and they underwent the recessively expanding operation through the window opened bilaterally on the diseased segment and excisionof the yellow ligament and the intervertebral disc. In group E, 7 patients had degenerative lateral curvature of the spine and they underwent the combined surgical procedures including decompression, internal fixation, and bone grafting. All the patients were followed up after operation. Results The follow-up of the 96 patients for 6-36 months with an average of 12.2 months showed that they had no postoperative complications. According to the JOA Scoring,85 patients had an excellent result, 9 had a good result, 1 had a fair result, and only 1 had a poor result. The X-ray films revealed no mistaken placing of the nails on the vertebral arch, broken nails or loosened nails. Conclusion The limited surgery and effective decompression can improve curative effects and reduce complications of spinal canal stenosis of retrograde degeneration. The imaging of the spinal cord has an important value in the choice of surgical protocols for spinal canal stenosis of retrograde.