Search

先天性心脏病心脏不停跳心内直视手术

摘要 目的　介绍体外循环心脏不停跳下心内直视手术治疗先天性心脏病心内畸形的应用体会。　方法　327例先天性心脏病心内畸形行浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳心内直视手术。常规建立体外循环，置左心房引流管，降温至32±1℃并维持，仅阻断上、下腔静脉，不阻断升主动脉，维持灌注压在60mmHg左右，在心脏不停跳下施行心脏畸形矫正术，方法同心脏停搏手术。　结果　死亡7例，死亡率2.1%，其余均痊愈出院，随访1～13个月，恢复良好。　结论　心脏不停跳下心内直视手术有较好的心肌保护作用，能减少并发症的发生，并简化操作，缩短体外循环时间。

Cooperation on Open Heart Surgery with Extracorporeal Circulation

目的:探讨低温体外循环下心内直视手术的有效配合。 方法:回顾总结200例心内直视术的配合过程,总结其配合方法。 结果:200例手术过程均顺利,除7例因严重的心律失常及右心衰竭死亡,其余患者生存至今且无相应并发症发生。结论:手术室护士积极、有效地护理配合为患者的手术成功提供保障。

心内直视手术中鱼精蛋白毒性反应的发生及处理

目的 分析心内直视手术中鱼精蛋白毒性反应发生情况、临床特点，探讨处理措施。 方法 2001年1月～2006年1月，连续行1 163例心内直视手术中发生鱼精蛋白毒性反应31例，其中轻度反应（血压下降lt;30mmHg）26例,中度、重度反应（中度反应血压下降30～49mmHg，重度反应血压下降≥50mmHg）5例;低血压型28例，过敏反应/类过敏反应型2例，肺血管收缩型1例。所有患者均给予立即停止使用鱼精蛋白或减慢鱼精蛋白泵入速度、补充血容量、抗过敏、血管活性药物或再次体外循环治疗。 结果 26例出现轻度鱼精蛋白毒性反应者经停止使用或减慢鱼精蛋白泵入速度及相应治疗后，均很快好转；5例出现中度、重度鱼精蛋白毒性反应者，经停止使用鱼精蛋白、抗过敏、补充血容量、血管活性药物和再次体外循环支持， 4例好转，1例死亡。27例门诊随访3个月，恢复正常学习和工作。 结论 心内直视手术中鱼精蛋白毒性反应发生率高，中度、重度反应者死亡率高。鱼精蛋白毒性反应的发生与其用量和使用方法密切有关，充分认识鱼精蛋白毒性反应的临床特点，精确鱼精蛋白用量和改进使用方法能在一定程度上防治毒性反应的发生。

Clinical Analysis of Surgical Repair of Congenital Heart Disease for 787 Patients in Less Than 6 Months of Age

Objective Summarize and review on surgical repair of congenital heart disease in infants. Methods Between January 1988 and June 2003, seven hundred and eighty seven less than 6 months of age patients were operated. There were 109 cases of complete transposition of the great arteries(D-TGA), 51 total abnormal pulmonary venous connection(TAPVC), 16 pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect(VSD), 33 coarctation of aorta, 299 VSD with pulmonary hypertention, 44 tetralogy of Fallot, 23 double outlet right ventricle, 9 pulmonary atresia with intact ventricle septum, et al. The operative procedure was dependent on different disease. Results There were 77 patients died, the total mortality was 9.78%(77/787). Following improvement of surgical procedure, the mortality was decreased from 25% in 1988-1995 to 4.11% in 2003. In the D-TGA patients, there was one residual VSD who was repaired 3 months late, and two had mild pulmonary and aortic supravalve obstruction. They were still be followed up. Two patients with intracardiac type of TAPVC had venous return obstruction, one was died and another was re-operated 4 days later. In the VSD patients, there were 5 patients with residural VSD, but all of them did not need to repair. Conclusion The time of surgical repair is very important, especially for complex congenital heart disease. The best operative procedure will be lost, if the infants is repaired too late, the postoperative events and mortality will be increased.

心内直视术后长时间应用呼吸机支持的原因与防治

目的 探讨心内直视术后的患者长时间应用呼吸机的原因及其防治方法。方法 将30例心内直视术后的患者分为两组，不能脱离呼吸机组(n=19)和二次插管组(n=11)，两组患者应用呼吸机均超过3天，从术前心功能、心胸比率、体外循环、主动脉阻断时间和术后并发症等方面对两组进行了原因分析和比较。结果 心内直视术后需长时间应用呼吸机原因与术前心功能、心胸比率、体外循环和主动脉阻断时间、术后并发心、肺、脑、多器官功能衰竭等有密切关系。不能脱离呼吸机组患者术后主要发生心、脑及多器官功能衰竭等并发症，14例痊愈，5例死亡。二次插管组主要合并心脏和呼吸系统并发症，全部治愈。结论 术前心、肺功能准备充分，尽可能缩短体外循环和主动脉阻断时间，预防和综合治疗心、肺、脑等重要脏器并发症及合理应用呼吸机支持治疗，对促进患者的早日康复具有重要意义。

体重小于10 kg婴幼儿心内直视术后早期心律失常的防治

目的 分析体重lt;10 kg行心内直视手术后早期发生心律失常婴幼儿的临床特点，探讨其防治措施。 方法 回顾性分析2007年6月～2009年6月第三军医大学附属新桥医院收治的88例体重lt;10 kg行心内直视手术后早期发生心律失常婴幼儿患者的临床资料，其中男49例，女39例；年龄1.0个月～25岁（12.4±5.5个月）；体重2.5~9.7 kg（6.4±2.8 kg）。术后对发生窦性心动过速和室上性心动过速患者给予对症处理，如无效，给予西地兰或普罗帕酮或胺碘酮治疗；对Ⅱ°和Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞合并心率缓慢患者，给予异丙肾上腺素、激素，临时/永久心脏起搏器；对室性心律失常患者给予利多卡因或胺碘酮治疗。 结果 围术期共死亡4例，病死率45%。死于低心排血量综合征2例，多器官功能衰竭1例，室性心动过速1例。术后发生窦性心动过速58例，室上性心动过速18例（心率200~300次/分)；房室传导阻滞6例（Ⅰ°1例、Ⅱ°4例、Ⅲ°1例）；室性心律失常6例；均经给予对症处理、抗心律失常药物或安置临时/永久心脏起搏器治疗好转或治愈。随访76例，随访时间6~40个月（20.4±11.5个月），所有患者健康状况良好，无严重心律失常发生。失访8例。 结论 体重lt;10 kg的婴幼儿行心内直视手术后早期心律失常发生率高，应加强监护，慎重选择抗心律失常药物；复杂型心内畸形，体重lt;6 kg、年龄lt;6个月的婴幼儿术后早期更易出现室性心律失常，应加强防治。

不中断冠脉循环下直视双极射频消融治疗心房颤动

摘要： 目的 总结直视双极射频消融治疗心房颤动（AF）的临床经验。 方法 回顾性分析2008年4月至2010年1月我科治疗34例心脏病合并心房颤动患者的临床资料，其中男11例，女23例；年龄34～75岁，平均年龄44岁。心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅲ级以上的风湿性心脏瓣膜病30例，冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病2例，房间隔缺损和室间隔缺损伴重度肺动脉高压各1例，均在直视双极射频消融治疗心房颤动时采用不中断心脏冠脉循环的方法保持心肌有氧灌注，同期行二尖瓣置换术21例，主动脉瓣及二尖瓣双瓣膜置换术8例，二尖瓣及三尖瓣置换术1例，冠状动脉旁路移植术2例，房间隔缺损修补术1例和室间隔缺损修补术1例。 结果 术后发生一过性低心排血量综合征和室性心律失常各1例，全组无手术死亡。术后即时窦性心律为10000% （34/34），术后1周时为44.12%（15/34），出院时为64.70%(22/34)。随访时间1～17个月，随访6个月后因血栓栓塞死亡1例，失访1例。出院后1个月时窦性心律维持率为78.79%（26/33），3个月时为85.18%（23/27），6个月时为87.50%（21/24），1年时为88.23%（15/17）。  结论 在不中断冠脉循环下施行直视心房颤动改良迷宫双极射频消融术，简单可行，效果可靠，对重症患者更加安全。

Nursing Experiences of Invasive Blood Pressure Monitoring for Patients Having Undergone Open-heart Surgery

β1受体阻滞剂艾司洛尔在心脏不停跳手术中的应用

目的观察在心脏不停跳心内直视手术中应用β1受体阻滞剂艾司洛尔(esmolol)的临床效果,探讨其对心肌保护的作用. 方法选择二尖瓣置换术患者18例,随机均分为两组,每组9例.对照组:采用常温心肺转流(CPB)心脏不停跳心内直视手术;实验组:在心内直视手术开始前,给予艾司洛尔调整并维持心率在30～50次/分,其余同对照组.观察两组患者CPB前后血流动力学情况、心肌组织三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、丙二醛(MDA)和超微结构等指标的变化. 结果术后实验组正性肌力药物用量明显低于对照组(Plt;0.05),术中心率和心肌张力明显低于对照组(Plt;0.01),心肌组织ATP含量明显高于对照组(Plt;0.05).两组心肌超微结构手术前、后同时间点比较,心肌形态和线粒体结构均无明显差别;手术结束时实验组心肌糖原含量明显高于对照组(Plt;0.01). 结论在心脏不停跳心内直视手术中应用艾司洛尔,能明显改善手术操作条件和提高心肌的保护效果.

Clinical Analysis of Cardiac Surgery Concomitant with Bipolar Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of cardiac surgery concomitant with bipolar radiofrequency ablation(BRFA) for the patients with heart disease and atrial fibrillation(AF). MethodsFrom April 2008 to September 2014, clinical data of 167 patients(43 males, 124 females) of organic-heart-disease patients combined with atrial fibrillation were analyzed retrospectively in our hospital. Within 167 patients, 102 patients underwent bipolar radiofrequency ablation without aortic cross-clamping were as a trial group and the other 65 patients underwent cardiac surgery and bipolar radiofrequency ablation with aortic cross-clamping were as a control group. And there were no significant difference in the age and gender between the two groups. ResultsThe time of radiofrequency ablation was 23.1±5.0 minutes in all the patients and there was no significant difference between the two groups(P=0.279). The extracorporeal circulation time was 156.6±56.4 minutes and the aortic cross-clamping time was 82.1±42.6 minutes. There was a significant difference between two groups in extracorporeal circulation time and aortic cross-clamping time. One patient underwent bipolar radiofrequency ablation with aortic cross-clamping died of severe pulmonary infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) in one month after the surgery. The duration of follow-up was 1-77(35.3±3.5) months. The sinus rhyme conversion rate was estimated by electrocardiogram(ECG) in 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 36 months, 60 months after operation. The sinus rhyme conversion rates were 85.3%(133/156), 83.4%(126/151), 82.7%(115/139), 77.0%(94/122), 75.9%(41/54), and 72.0%(18/25). There was no significant difference during the follow-up in all of the sinus rhyme conversion rate. During the fellow-up, 2 patients died. One died after 1 month and another died after 6 months after their hospital-discharges. ConclusionThe efficacy and safety of cardiac surgery concomitant with bipolar radiofrequency ablation is satisfied. It can reduce the time of myocardial ischemia in bipolar radiofrequency ablation without aortic cross-clamping. It is beneficial to critical patients.