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Value of Acute Ultrasonography in Diagnosing Right Hypogastric Acute Abdomen

【摘要】　目的　探讨急诊超声在右下腹急腹症诊断中的应用价值。　方法　回顾性分析2008年8月-2009年12月150例右下腹急腹症患者急诊超声检查结果，所有患者均经手术和病理资料或者临床治疗后得到证实，将超声诊断的结果与临床出院诊断进行对比分析。　结果　150例右下腹急腹症患者中，超声正确诊断126例（84%），漏诊18例，误诊6例，其中急性阑尾炎漏诊率最高，漏诊的主要原因为部分患者阑尾解剖位置特殊或者肠道气体干扰。　结论　超声检查能够较准确判断右下腹急腹症的病因。熟悉常见急腹症疾病的临床表现、体征及熟练掌握常见疾病的超声声像图特点，对右下腹急腹症的诊断及鉴别诊断至关重要。【Abstract】　Objective　To evaluate acute ultrasonography in diagnosing right hypogastric acute abdomen.　Methods　The results of acute ultrasonography of 150 patients with right hypogastric acute abdomen were retrospectively analyzed. The disease was confirmed by surgery and pathological examination. The results of ultrasonography and clinical diagnosis were compared.　Results　Among 150 patients, correct ultrasonography diagnosis was found in 126 (84%), missed diagnosis in 18, and misdiagnosis in six; the highest rate of missed diagnosis occurred in patients with acute appendicitis.　Conclusion　Acute ultrasonography can feasibly and accurately diagnose right hypogastric acute abdomen. The accuracy depends on the common clinical manifestations and the common diseases ultrasonography characters of right hypogastric acute abdomen.

Clinical Features and Formation of Acute Abdomen Caused by Non-Abdomen Diseases

Application of Emergency Laparoscopy in Surgical Acute Abdomen

目的　探讨腹腔镜技术在急腹症诊治中的作用。方法　回顾性分析笔者所在医院2008年10月至2011年12月期间收治的128例急腹症患者应用腹腔镜技术进行诊治的临床资料。结果　127例均明确诊断，１例十二指肠迟发性破裂腹腔镜探查漏诊，患者2d后因腹痛剧烈而行剖腹探查术，发现为十二指肠破裂， 确诊率为99.2％。103例（80.5％）于腹腔镜下完成手术，11例（8.6％）中转开腹手术，14例经腹腔镜检查明确诊断后行保守治疗。所有手术患者术后无严重并发症发生，全部患者均痊愈出院。平均手术时间为72min （32 ～166min）；平均出血量为125ml （20～230ml）； 平均住院时间为5d （3～12d）。结论　急腹症应用腹腔镜技术是一种十分安全有效的方法，具有诊断治疗一体化、创伤小、恢复快，住院时间短等优点。

Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Abdominal Pain Caused by Hepatic Hydatid (Reports of 297 Cases)

Objective　To summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment of acute abdominal pain caused by hepatic hydatid. Methods　The preoperative diagnosis, the surgical methods and the curative effect after operation of 297 patients with acute abdominal pain caused by hepatic hydatid who were treated in our hospital from 1960 to 2004 were analyzed. Results　The healing rate was 95.96% (285/297 cases), and the death rate was 4.04% (12 /297 cases). Six out of 12 cases of death were caused by diffusive biliary peritonitis and allergic shock attributable to the rapture of hydatid into abdominal cavity. Two patients died of malnutrition caused by the spreading of Echinococcus and the correspondingly repeated operations. Another 4 patients with giant hydatid containing 7 000-12 000 ml fluid, died of hepatic insufficiency caused by the postoperative infection in the cyst. Conclusion　The acute abdominal pain caused by hepatic hydatid should be treated mainly through emergency operation and the necessary antianaphylaxis, anti-infection and antishock therapies should also be used at the same time.

Laparoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment for the Acute Abdomen and Abdominal Trauma

Lupus Ischemic Bowel Disease Presenting as Acute Abdominal Pain——Diagnostic Value of Spiral CT

ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of spiral CT in diagnosing ischemic bowel changes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients presenting with acute abdominal pain. MethodsThe clinical data and spiral CT imaging files of 23 SLE patients presenting with acute abdominal pain were retrospectively reviewed. Sixteen had contrastenhanced spiral CT scanning of the abdomen, the rest had plain CT study. Observation emphasis was placed on the changes of bowel wall (wall thickness, enhancement pattern, lumen size) and mesentery (mesenteric edema, engorgement of mesenteric vessels and their abnormal arrangement pattern). Other abnormal findings (e.g. fluid accumulation, changes of abdominal solid organs, lymphadenopathy) were also observed. ResultsNineteen patients had intestinal wall thickening (19/23, 82.6%), with the “target sign” in 12 patients (12/16, 75.0%); Bowel lumen dilatation was present in 16 patients (16/23, 69.6%). Mesenteric swelling with increased density of adipose tissue was noticed in 21 patients (21/23, 91.3%); 18 patients had engorgement of mesenteric vessels (18/23, 78.3%), with comb like arrangement in 4 patients (4/16, 25.0%). Other abnormal findings included ascites, hydrothorax, hydropericardium, hepatosplenomegaly and so on. ConclusionThe most common CT findings in SLE patients presenting with acute abdominal pain are the signs associated with ischemic bowel disease. Contrastenhanced spiral CT is a preferable imaging method for both the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ischemic bowel disease associated with SLE.

Limits and Applications of Laparoscopy in Acute Abdomen

自1985年第一例腹腔镜胆囊切除术成功，腹腔镜逐渐成为治疗结石性胆囊疾病的金标准。近10年来其应用范围迅速扩展，并被广大普外科医生接受和认可，开创了医学领域高速发展的历史新纪元。急腹症是指能够引起急腹痛的腹腔内急性病变，要求外科医生做出快速、准确判断，而不允许花费更多的时间做全面的辅助检查。要想做出快速诊断又不耽误病情，近年来微创外科同行认识到腹腔镜兼有诊断和治疗的特点，在外科急腹症中发挥了重要的作用，现分述之。

电视腹腔镜诊断和治疗急腹症及腹外伤50例体会

精神病患者急腹症围手术期处理

目的　探讨精神病患者急腹症围手术期的特点和处理方法。 方法　对1996年9月－2012年12月收治的26例精神病患者急腹症的病情特点、治疗方法、治疗效果和术后并发症，进行回顾性分析。 结果　26例患者治愈25例，死亡1例。术后并发症6例，发生率23%。 结论　精神病患者急腹症在围手术期有主诉不明确、临床症状不典型、病情变化多端等特点，临床医护人员应高度重视，以确保患者的及时救治。

结肠自发性穿孔的诊断和治疗

【摘要】　目的　总结结肠自发性穿孔的病因、诊断和治疗方法。　方法　回顾性分析2000年－2010年收治的9例因自发性结肠穿孔接受急诊剖腹探查手术患者的临床资料。　结果　平均发病年龄67.6岁（55～84岁），5例有慢性便秘病史；患者均以突发性腹痛起病，2例得到术前确诊。1例行穿孔修补术，6例行穿孔修补或穿孔肠段切除加近端结肠造瘘术，2例行Hartmann手术。治愈出院6例，2例切口感染，1例严重感染。　结论　自发性结肠穿孔好发于老年长期便秘史者，通常预后不良，且术后病死率较高。早期发现和手术治疗、彻底的腹腔内冲洗和严密的术后管理是改善预后的重要因素。