【摘要】 目的 探讨男性和女性糖尿病肾病患者危险因素之间的差异。方法 收集2004年1月—2008年12月以糖尿病肾病为诊断的住院患者1 300例,根据入院日期以系统的方法随机纳入650例患者,排除20例尿常规正常和血肌酐值正常的患者,共630例,其中男342例,女288例,平均年龄65岁。288例女性患者中有271例为绝经后妇女,平均年龄48岁。比较女性和男性糖尿病肾病患者危险因素的差别。结果 ①绝经后糖尿病肾病患者占女性患者的94.1%；②女性糖尿病肾病患者组收缩压、脉压及糖化血红蛋白水平高于男性糖尿病肾病患者组,两者有统计学意义(Plt;0.05)；③两组患者在发病年龄,病程,糖尿病家族史,空腹血糖水平,低密度脂蛋白,高密度脂蛋白,血肌酐,24 h尿蛋白定量、是否使用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂,血管紧张素受体拮抗剂,胰岛素,是否透析,死亡率均无统计学意义(Pgt;0.05)。结论 在女性糖尿病肾病患者中绝经后妇女所占比例较高,女性糖尿病肾病患者收缩压、脉压及糖化血红蛋白水平均高于男性糖尿病肾病患者,雌激素的水平可能导致差异的产生。
目的 探讨不同性别IgA肾病患者合并高尿酸血症的临床及肾脏病理特点。 方法 采用回顾性研究方法，将2008年1月－2010年12月收治的226例经肾活检确诊的原发性IgA肾病患者分为男性高尿酸血症组、男性尿酸正常组、女性高尿酸血症组及女性尿酸正常组4组，统计分析4组的临床指标及病理指标。 结果 高尿酸血症患病率男性（21.7%）高于女性（11.9%），差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01），尿检异常型患病率男性（14.6%）高于女性（4.0%），差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01），女性LeeⅢ级的患病率（7.1%）高于男性（5.8%），差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；男性高尿酸血症组的尿素氮高于尿酸正常组（P＜0.05），女性高尿酸血症组的血尿素氮、血肌酐、胱抑素C、舒张压、甘油三酯比尿酸正常者明显增高（P＜0.01），女性高尿酸血症组的高密度脂蛋白明显高于男性组（P ＜0.01）。 结论 高尿酸血症是IgA肾病的危险因素，可导致更严重的肾功能损害及肾脏病理损害，这种影响在不同性别中存在差异。
Eighteen male patients and 10 female patients with Bt.Behccedil;et's disease were addressed to study the influences of sex factor on Behccedil;et's disease. It was found that recurrences of uveitis were more frequent in malepatients than in females,and that male patients were worse than females in prognosis due to the high severity of retinal vasculitis and the low sensitivity to treatment.It is pressumed that the sex hormone may, at least in part,contribute to the diffrenees between the male and female patients. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1994,10:143-145）
ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between coronary artery plaque composition and the gender via 128-slice spiral CT coronary angiography (128-SCTCA). MethodsBetween January and December 2012, 143 patients with coronary artery plaque diagnosed by 128-SCTCA were selected. The patients were divided into group A (no more than 50 years old, n=37) and group B (over 50 years old, n=106). ResultsThere were 29 male patients in group A, with 70 plaques including 30 fibrous plaques, 17 mixed plaques, 11 soft plaques, 12 calcified plaques; and the other 8 female patients had 13 plaques including 7 fibrous plaques, 2 mixed plaques, 2 soft plaques, and 2 calcified plaques. In group B, 56 male patients had 116 plaques, including 48 mixed plaques, 40 fibrous plaques, 14 soft plaques and 14 calcified plaques; the other 50 female patients had 90 plaques, including 36 mixed plaques, 22 fibrous plaques, and 16 soft plaques and calcified plaques. The differences of the plaque composition between males and females were not significant both in group A (χ2=0.664, P>0.05) and group B (χ2=3.708, P>0.05). ConclusionThere is no obvious correlation between gender and coronary plaque composition.
ObjectiveTo elucidate the relationship between clinical characteristics and pathology findings of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN). MethodsA retrospective cohort study was carried out on 231 SPN patients pathologically confirmed between January 2009 and December 2013 in Nanjing General Hospital of Fuzhou Military Command and Fuzhou Second Hospital. Using pathological results as reference standard, the sex, age, smoking history, smoking amount, quit smoking history, and extrapulmonary malignant tumor history were compared between the SPN patients with different pathological type. ResultsFemale and age were positively correlated with the probability of malignancy in SPN with correlation coefficients as 1.090 and 0.063 respectively. Extrapulmonary malignant tumor history, smoking history, smoking amount, quit smoking history did not show significant relationship. Gender was a factor that affects pathological types of SPN. Female patients were in higher risk than male patients to have precancerous lesions, pulmonary aspergillosis, pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma, adenocarcinoma. Male patients had higher risk suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis, pulmonary cryptococcosis, squamous cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, inflammatory pseudotumor and metastases. Distribution of SPN pathologic types in each age group was similar. Most patients who had precancerous lesions, pulmonary hamartoma, pulmonary aspergillosis, pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma, adenocarcinoma and inflammatory pseudotumor were not smokers. ConclusionsGender and age are valuable in distinguishing benign SPN from malignant SPN. Pathologic types of SPN are related to patients' gender and smoking history.
ObjectiveTo determine the retinal thickness of normal children 3-6 years old and its relationship with the age and gender. MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, 480 eyes of 240 normal preschool children including 115 male and 125 female, ages 3 to 6 years in the urban of Beijing, China were included. The average age was (4.93±0.77) years old. The visual acuity, slit-lamp microscopy and frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT, Optvue, Inc. USA) were examined. The retinal thickness of the macular fovea and 500, 750, 1500 μm from temporal and nasal side around the fovea were measured. 32 eyes were excluded from the study because they couldn't cooperate. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between age and macular retinal thickness. Independent samples group t-test was used to compare the differences between boys and girls. ResultsThe mean thickness of macular fovea was (169.10±20.587) μm. The mean macular thickness of boys was significantly higher than girls (t=-4.549, -6.167, -5.492, -5.163, -6.749, -7.494, -6.874; P≤0.001). The mean thickness of 500 μm and 750 μm from nasal side of macular fovea were significantly higher than temporal side (t=5.594, 15.778, 7.678, 18.180; P < 0.001). There was no significant relevance between macular thickness and age. ConclusionsThe mean macular thickness of boys is significantly higher than girls in normal children in the urban of Beijing. There is no significant relevance between macular thickness and age.
Objective To explore the correlation between gender and long-term prognosis of patients with type-B acute aortic dissection (AAD) after endovascular therapy (EVT). Methods From January to December 2012, all patients with type-B AAD undergoing EVT were enrolled by retrospective and observational study. They were divided into male and female groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to analyze the correlation between gender and the cumulative survival rate. Results A total of 131 tyep-B AAD patients who had undergone EVT were selected, including 97 males (74.0%), and 34 females (26.0%). The medium follow-up duration was 2.1 years. Smoking history, cholesterol, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, creatinine and uric acid of the patients in males were higher than those in females (P<0.05); while the difference in other indexes were not significant (P>0.05). The inhospital mortality of male patients was 10 (10.3%), and was 3 (8.8%) in female patients; there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.803). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there was no significant difference in cumulative survival rate between the two groups (84.5% vs. 82.4%; Logrank test χ2=0.023, P=0.880). Conclusion No correlation between gender and long-term prognosis in patients with type-B AAD after EVT is found.
Objective To explore the impact of gender difference in 90-day outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy for acute cerebral infarction. Methods A prospective registration, observational, and retrospective analysis study was carried out. Patients with acute cerebral infarction who were admitted to the Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College and the Department of Neurology of Nanjing First Hospital between June 2015 and June 2019 were collected. Patients were divided into two groups based on gender. The detailed demographic, laboratory examination, imaging examination and clinical data were collected. Then, the data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results A total of 298 patients were included. Among them, there were 185 males and 113 females. The differences in age, smoking, atrial fibrillation, using antiplatelet drugs before stroke, TOAST classification, and involved cerebrovascular sites between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in other baseline data between the two groups (P>0.05). The results of univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the rate of 90-day favourable outcome of female patients was lower than that of male patients [odds ratio (OR)=0.462, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.275, 0.775), P=0.030]. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for confounding factors, there was no independent correlation between gender and the 90-day favourable outcome of patients with acute cerebral infarction who underwent mechanical thrombectomy [OR=1.511, 95% CI (0.745, 3.066), P=0.253]. Conclusion The gender has no significant effect on the 90-day favourable outcome of acute cerebral infarction patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy.
The incidence of chronic kidney disease is increasing worldwide, which greatly increases the risk of end-stage renal disease. It is particularly important to find out the risk factors for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. Whether gender is a risk factor for the progression of kidney disease remains controversial with inconsistent results in human cohort studies with diabetic or non-diabetic kidney disease. In most of the studies, women seem to exhibit certain gender advantages. Sex hormones, renal hemodynamics and lifestyle differences may play an important role. The underlying mechanism of gender affecting the progression of kidney disease deserves further exploration. This article reviews the gender differences and possible mechanisms in diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease, in order to provide reference for future research.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic effect of transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) through the spleen for acute live failure in rat, and to observe migration of transplanted MSCs in vivo. MethodsOne male SD rat was sacrificed to collect MSCs, and MSCs were isolated, expanded, and purified by density gradient centrifugation combined with adhere culture method. The surface antigen expressions of MSCs in the fourth generation were detected by immunohistochemistry method. Twenty-four female rats were given D-galactosamine and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) to establish models of acute liver failure, and then divided into experimental group and blank control group, each group enrolled 12 rats. MSCs of male rat were transplanted into the spleen of female acute liver failure rats in experimental group at 24 hours after model establishment, but rats of blank control group were injected saline(0.5 mL). After the MSCs transplantation, blood samples of rats in 2 groups were got to test levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin(TBIL), and albumin(ALB). PCR method was used to determine the expression of sex determining region Y gene(SRY gene), and HE staining was used to observe the pathological change of liver tissues of rats in 2 groups. ResultsThe MSCs of the fourth generation expressed CD44 and CD29, but didn't express CD34. There were 5(41.7%) and 3 rats(25.0%) survived at 72 hours, in 1 week and 2 weeks after MSCs transplantation in experimental group and blank control group, respectively, and the survival rate was higher in experimental group(P<0.05). The expression of SRY mRNA was detected in rats of experimental group, as well as the damage of liver tissues in rats of experimental group improved. Compared with blank control group, the levels of ALT and TBIL were lower in experimental group at all time points after MSCs transplantation(P<0.05), but in 1 week and 2 weeks after MSCs transplantation, the levels of ALB in experimental group were higher(P<0.05). ConclusionMSCs can migrate to liver tissue, settle down, and exert the function of replacing hepatocyte after it has been transplanted into the spleen.