Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of the series parameters of reticulocyte in children with different types of anemia. Methods From January to August 2015, the reticulocyte parameters of 150 children with different types of anemia treated in the People’s Hospital of Dujiangyan were retrospectively analyzed. Another 150 healthy children aged 1-10 years examined in the same hospital at the same period were as the control group. Mindray BC-6900 automatic blood cell analyzer and suited reagent were used to determine the absolute value of reticulocyte (RET#), percentage of reticulocyte (RET%), immature reticulocyte ratio (IRF), low fluorescent intensity reticulocyte percentage (LFR%), moderate fluorescent intensity reticulocyte percentage (MFR%), and height fluorescent intensity reticulocyte percentage (HFR%). The data were statistically analyzed. Results Compared with the control group, RET%, RET# and IRF results in iron deficiency anemia group, hemolytic anemia group, aplastic anemia group, recent hemorrhagic anemia group, renal anemia group, leukemia and chemotherapy group had statistical difference (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, LFR%, MFR%, HFR% results in hemolytic anemia group and aplastic anemia group had statistical difference (P<0.05). LFR%, MFR% and HFR% results of other types of anemia had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion The series parameters of the reticulocyte, having an important reference value, can be used in the diagnosis of children with different types of anemia as a reference index, early diagnosis and early treatment of children with different anemia, which also can be used as a method to diagnose different types of anemia.
目的 探索手术对低出生体重先天性心脏病患儿的临床疗效以及围术期的处理办法。 方法 回顾性分析 2012 年 1 月至 2015 年 6 月我院行心内直视根治性手术的 788 例低出生体重先天性心脏病患儿的临床资料，其中男 379 例，女 409 例，平均年龄 4.5（1～6）个月，出生时平均体重 1 780～2 500（1 844.6±44.5）g。对患儿手术时间、围术期处理以及手术成功率等情况进行观察分析。 结果 心内直视根治术平均手术时间 110～240（132±18）min，平均体外循环时间 32～120（80±20）min，平均主动脉阻断时间 15～45（35±11）min，平均呼吸机辅助治疗时间 5～96（15±5）h。患儿术后治愈总有效率达到 96.8%，死亡率 3.2%，患儿的治愈效果较显著。 结论 加强围术期处理可以有效地提高患儿的存活率，改善患儿的生活质量，因此低出生体重先天性心脏病患儿早期治疗方式值得在临床工作中推广应用。
Joint attention deficit is one of the core disorders in children with autism, which seriously affects the development of multiple basic skills such as language and communication. Virtual reality scene intervention has great potential in improving joint attention skills in children with autism due to its good interactivity and immersion. This article reviewed the application of virtual reality based social and nonsocial scenarios in training joint attention skills for children with autism in recent years, summarized the problems and challenges of this intervention method, and proposed a new joint paradigm for social scenario assessment and nonsocial scenario training. Finally, it looked forward to the future development and application prospects of virtual reality technology in joint attention skill training for children with autism.
ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution and drug resistance of the pathogens isolated from hospitalized pediatric patients with respiratory tract infections, and to provide guidance for empiric therapy. MethodsRespiratory tract specimens from hospitalized pediatric patients with respiratory tract infections from 2011 to 2015 were collected, and the strains were identified and the drug susceptibility was tested. ResultsA total of 1995 strains of pathogens, 1281 (64.21%) from boys and 714 (35.79%) from girls, were isolated from 6236 specimens and the detection rate was 31.99%. The mean age of the hospitalized pediatric patients was (1.22±2.05) years (ranged from 1 day to 14 years). 1393 (69.82%) pediatric patients were younger than 1 year. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans and Acinetobacter baumannii ranked the top five species, accounting for 29.82%, 15.09%, 13.18%, 12.73% and 5.91%, respectively. 1995 strains included gram-negative bacteria (50.93%), gram-positive bacteria (35.29%), and fungi (13.78%). The resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin was 31.76%, but it was 100% sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. The resistant rate of gram-negative bacteria to imipenem was ranged from 1.52% to 5.93%. The resistant rate of gram-negative bacteria to ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin tazobactam and tobramycin was less than 30.00%. ConclusionsThe infants whose age are younger than 1 year comprise the majority of the hospitalized pediatric patients with respiratory tract infections. The proportion of male is more than that of female. Staphylococcus aureus and enterobacteriaceae were the main isolated pathogens. There is difference in drug resistance between different pathogens, so antibiotics should be chosen according to the results of drug sensitivity testing.
【摘要】 目的 探讨重组人凝血因子Ⅷ制剂小剂量短程预防性输注能否有效减少中重度血友病A患儿关节出血问题。 方法 对2008年11月-2009年4月期间就诊的13例年龄3~11岁的中重度血友病A患儿，均在为期2个月内接受重组人凝血因子Ⅷ 2次/周、间隔3 d、每次7.5~10.0 U/kg的静脉预防性输注，记录治疗前2个月与治疗2个月时关节出血次数，以及同一关节反复发生出血的情况。 结果 治疗前关节出血的发生次数为（3.77±2.13）次，治疗后关节出血的发生次数为（0.46±0.87）次，治疗前后比较，差异有统计学意义（Plt;0.01）；治疗前靶关节出血的发生率为35.7％，治疗后靶关节出血的发生率为0.0%，治疗前后比较，差异有统计学意义（Plt;0.01）。患儿治疗成本约510~680元/（kg?2个月）。 结论 重组人凝血因子Ⅷ制剂小剂量短疗程预防性输注能有效减少中重度血友病A患儿关节出血次数，同时可有效减少靶关节出血的发生率，从而在一定程度上保护关节的功能。治疗费用相对可接受。【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the efficacy of low-dose short-course infusion of recombinant human factor Ⅷ concentration in treating joint bleeding in children with severe and moderate hemophilia A. Methods Thirteen children aged 3 to 11 years old with severe or moderate hemophilia A were included in the present study from November 2008 to April 2009. For children in the treatment group, they were treated with low-dose short-course infusion of recombinant human factor Ⅷ concentration with a dose of 7.5-10.0 U/kg twice weekly as secondary prophylaxis for two months. The incidence of joint bleeding 2 months before treatment (control group) and during the 2 months of treatment (treatment group) was observed. Moreover, the incidence of their target joint bleeding was measured in both groups. Results Children in the control group had (3.77±2.13) joint bleedings while children in the treatment group had (0.46±0.87) joint bleedings, which was obviously lower than those in the control group (Plt;0.01). Meanwhile, the incidence of target joint bleeding in the treatment group was 0%, which was obviously lower than that in the control group (35.7%) (Plt;0.01). In the treatment group, the costs of treatment were about RMB 510-680 yuan/kg every 2 months. Conclusions Treatment with low-dose short-course infusion of recombinant human factor Ⅷ concentration can effectively decrease joint bleeding in children with severe and moderate hemophilia A, and can effectively decrease the incidence of target joint bleeding. Therefore, this method may play an important role in protection of the joint function in those patients at an acceptable cost.