【Abstract】ObjectiveTo study the mechanism of spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MethodsArticles have been reviewed to find out the theory of spontaneous rupture of HCC. ResultsResearchful results suggested that the injury of small arteries was usually followed in patients of spontaneous rupture of HCC. In this review, the immune complex, which composed of hepatitis B virus e antigen, complement C1q and immunoglobulins, was found deposited in the elastic membrane of arteries. Likely as a result of immune complex deposition, vascular injury occurs mainly in the small arteries where the deposition of immune complex was present. The small arteries in which immune complex deposited are readily injuried and cause hemorrhage and rupture of HCC during vascular load increase. ConclusionWe would conclude that immune complex deposition in vessel wall led to the small arteries injury may be the factor involved in the pathogenesis of spontaneous ruptured HCC.
Objective To investigate the expression of costimulatory molecules, Fas/FasL, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-class II antigens in normal ocular tissues. Methods Twelve eyes were obtained from the eye bank of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center within 16 to 24 hours postmortem. Six eyes were used for making the retinal wholemounts, and the tissues (iris and ciliary body, choroid, and retina) of the others were used for making the frozen sections. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out on these retinal wholemounts as well as on tissue sections to investigate the exprenion of B7-1 and B7-2 (costimulatory molecules), HLA-DR(MHC class II), CD68 (macrophages), Fas/FasL. Results The results of immunohistochemical staining showed the presence of B7-2, FasL, CD68 and HLA-DR in the iris and ciliary body. Expression of B7-1, FasL, CD 68, and HLA-DR was found in the choroid while HLA-DR, CD68 and FasL were detec table in the retina. Conclusion Expression of costimulatory molecu les, MHC-class II molecules and molecules related to apoptosis is different in the iris, ciliary body, choroid, and retina, which may play an important role in the stability of the immunological microenvironment of these tissues.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：109-112)
Objective To investigate the relation of Human Leukocyte Antigen-DRs to Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia （PE/E） by reviewing the observational studies on PE/E. Methods We searched the MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and CBMdisc to July 2005, by combining free text with MeSH words. We assessed the quality of included studies, extracted and analyzed data. Results The odds ratio of fetal-maternal HLA-DR4 antigen frequency in case group versus control group was 2. 60 （95% CI 1.87 to 3.60） with statistical significance. The antigen frequencies of＇other fetal-maternal HLA-DRs in case and control groups were not statistically significant. The antigen frequencies of the couple HLA DRs were not statistically significant between case and control groups. We found that neither the HLA-DR sharing between the couples nor between fetus and mothers in case and control groups were statistically significant. Conclusions The antigen frequencies of HLA-DRs between the couples may have no association with the development of PE/E. The fetal gene types may be related to the development of PE/E. The HLA-DR sharing in mothers and fetus and the couples may have no association with the development of PE/E.
To determine the state of fibroblast during the process of development of hypertrophic scar (HS), 40 specimens of HS in different periods were collected. The expressions of prolifrating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ag-protein in nucleolar organizer regions (Ag NORs) as well as the content of total amino acids in the tissues were examined. The hypertrophic scar of 1st and 3rd month old, the expression of PCND and Ag NORs were the highest. In the 9th and 12th month old, althrough PCNA was nearly negative, but the expression of Ag NORs was low. The content of total amino acid was increased gradually as HS developed but the increase of amount of hydroxyproline was markedly slowed down in 9 month old HS. It was suggested that: (1) in the developing process of HS the proecess of overproliferation of fibroblasts was short and limitted in 1-3 months period in the process of wound lealing; (2) the synthesis of collagen was nearly stopped at 6 months, but that of other extracellular matrix such as fibronectin and proteoglycan might be continued to aggregate after 12 months.
Objective To investigate the spatial and temporal regulation effect of VEGF on human fetal retinal vascularization and angiogenesis. Methods The posterior segmental retinas from 54 human fetuses of the 9th week to the 40th week were studied by immunohistodhemistry standing for the expressions of VEGF and PCNA. Results 1. The distribution of VEGF espression was spiking and the peaks were during the 9th-13th and around the 26th week. 2. PCNA immunoreactivity was localized in spindle cells and vascular endothelial cells. The expression level was fluctuated during the developmental process. The peaks were during the 9th-13th and around the 21st week. In these periods, the spindle cells kept proliferating and differentiating, and remodelled subsequently to form the inner side retinal vessels. From the 26th or 34th week, the PCNA immununoreactivity is fully expressed in the vascular endothelial cells of the inner and outer margin of inner nuclear layer(INL) and kept to full terms. 3. Significant positive correlation were shown between the content of VEGF in the retina and that of PCNA in spindle cells and vascular endothelial cells(r=0.736,p＜0.01). Conclusion VEGF was positively involved in modulating human fetal retinal vascularization and angiogenesis. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1999,15:12-15)
Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant adenovirus-mediated co-transfection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene and erythropoietin (EPO) gene on promoting hematopoietic stem cells directly producing erythrocyte vaccine against colon cancer. Methods The expression adenovirus vectors carrying CEA and EPO or green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene were constructed respectively, and recombinant adenovirus carrying CEA, EPO or GFP were packaged and produced respectively. The bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of mice were isolated and cultured in vitro by anti-CD117 magnetic bead separation, and were transfected with CEA (CEA group), EPO (EPO group) or GFP (blank vector group), co-transfected with CEA and EPO (CEA-EPO group). The expressionsof CEA and EPO gene and its protein after transfection in supernatant fluid of culture were detected by realtime-PCR and Western blot method in each group. We had checked and obtained the vaccine with co-transfection of CEA gene and EPO gene by cell red line marker antibody CD71 and GPA, then we carried on experiments with the vaccine in vitro and in vivo. There were 4 groups in our trail: blank vector group, CEA group, EPO group, and CEA-EPO group. Results We had successfully gathered the hematopoietic stem cells, flow cytometry analysis result showed that there were significant differences before and after purification for positive selected samples (P<0.05). The expressions of double genes (CEA-EPO gene) and protein showed CEA-EPO gene were successfully transfected into the hematopoietic stem cells. We had confirmed erythrocyte vaccine with co-transfection of CEA and EPO gene by antibody CD71 and GPA with flow cytometry. The monocytes cytotoxicity on colon cancer cell line CT26 showed that lysis of target cells of CEA-EPO group were higher than those of other 3 groups when in proportion of 40∶1 (P<0.05). In the experimentation of neoplasma format, the volume of tumor and mortality were smaller or lower, but survival time was longer of CEA-EPO group in2 weeks after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions The erythrocyte vaccine with co-transfection of CEA gene and EPO gene has efficient anti-tumor effects on colon cancer. Not only can promote hematopoietic stem cell directly producing erythrocyte vaccine, but also can produce tumor antigen vaccine against colon cancer.
Mucin antigen 4 (MUC4) is a molecular marker for some malignant tumors for early tumor diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. It provides a new research direction in tumor diagnosis and treatment that will have a wide application prospect. In recent years, there has been a large number of research reports on the basic and clinical studies about MUC4, but the molecular imaging study about MUC4 is seldom reported. In this paper the recent research about MUC4 on basic and clinical studies is briefly reviewed, and it is expected to promote the development of tumor molecular imaging.
Prostate cancer is a common disease in the USA and Europe, with a gradually increasing incidence in China, and presents a significant health burden for older men. The lack of modifiable risk factors has made early detection as a strategy to reduce mortality. Current methods of screening involve the measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination followed by biopsy. With PSA screening evidence of level I absent, the evidence on the use of PSA as a screening test is still highly controversial. Furthermore, there is controversy over whether screen-detected lesions will become clinically significant. There are three major treatment options for localized disease: radical prostatectomy, radical radiotherapy and monitoring with treatment if required. There is no evidence of randomized controlled trial (RCT) to suggest a survival advantage of any of these treatments. Opinions about the related benefits and risks of screening vary widely. In the absence of RCT of benefit for screening, many now suggest “informed consensus” screening, which encourages a discussion between the patient and his physician with both sides informed of all of the issues.