2.4 入路术前评估为临床分期Ⅳ期无法切除的原发病灶，则手术选择单纯微创切口结肠造瘘……
Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) serve as the cornerstone of medical decision-making, with evaluation tools such as AGREE and RIGHT designed to ensure that these guidelines are grounded in the best available evidence and contribute to enhancing healthcare quality. This article reviews the historical development and current status of CPG evaluation tools, examining their diversity, complexity, application challenges, and inconsistencies in evaluation outcomes. A thorough discussion is provided on the strengths and weaknesses of existing evaluation tools, along with proposed future developmental directions. It is recommended that future efforts prioritize the creation of more streamlined tool designs, foster enhanced international collaboration strategies, and incorporate artificial intelligence technologies. These initiatives aim to improve both the efficiency and accuracy of evaluative processes while facilitating advancements in healthcare practices towards elevated quality standards.
Based on the site visit on the current application and practice of evidence-based medicine in USA, we find the difference between China and USA so as to further promote and plan the development of evidence-based medicine in China.
Surgical management of osteoarthritis of the knee: evidence based guideline contains 38 recommendations pertaining to the preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative care of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) who are considering surgical treatment. Compared with the domestic consensus on diagnosis and treatment for KOA, this clinical practice guideline (CPG) prepared by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) has some advantages in terms of methodology selection and recommendation. Therefore, it is necessary for us to interpret this CPG to speed up the understanding and dissemination of the CPG. The ultimate aims are to: ① strengthen the standardization and understanding of surgical treatment of KOA; ② enhance the understanding of clinicians for this CPG in treating KOA; ③ speed up the development of guideline development methodologies in China; ④ provide methodological guidance for the development of CPG based on the current situation in China.
2.6.2.2 经骶直肠癌局部切除术（trans-sacrococcygeal resection,TSR）(1)ＴＳＲ手术指征①肿瘤部位: 部位是选择TSR 的决定性因素之一,原则上腹膜返折以下的早期直肠癌均可通过TSR 完成,但理想部位是距齿状线4～6 cm 的直肠癌,切口可直达病灶,在咬除尾骨后游离直肠范围较小,得以轻松显露接近腹膜返折甚至距肛缘8～10 cm 的直肠中段肿瘤。②肿瘤方位: TSR 最适合的还是直肠后壁或后侧壁病变,前壁或前侧壁肿瘤的直肠游离要做到界面层次清晰则需要术者具备相当的经验。③肿瘤大小: 无论瘤体大小(瘤体直径＜3 cm),肿瘤基底直径应＜2 cm,尤其是浅溃疡型肿瘤,还要考虑到直肠壶腹的宽窄大小。④肿瘤形态: TSR仅适合于息肉隆起型或扁平隆起型病变,也包括浅溃疡型癌。⑤肿瘤浸润深度: 肠腔内窥镜超声检查理应成为术前分期的常规检测手段和临床指南,临床上通过仔细检查肿瘤基底活动度来判断其浸润..............
Objective To assess the methodological quality of clinical guidelines and consensus of lupus nephritis, to collect the recommendations of each guideline, and to provide references for clinical decision-making. Methods PubMed, CNKI, and CBM databases and related websites such as NGC, NICE, GIN, SIGN, and Medive were electronically searched from January 2012 to December 2020 to collect the clinical guidelines and expert consensus for lupus nephritis. After consistency evaluation by four evaluators, the methodological quality of the included guidelines or expert consensus was evaluated using AGREE Ⅱ. The relevant recommendations, evidence level, and recommended strength of each guideline in treating lupus nephritis were summarized. Results A total of eight guidelines and two consensus statements were included. Among them, eight guidelines or consensus statements were level B (generally recommended guidelines), and two were level C (non-recommended guidelines). Relevant recommendations mainly gave the corresponding treatment scheme according to the pathological type of lupus nephritis. Conclusion The methodological quality of lupus nephritis guideline formulation in China needs to be improved. The included guidelines and consensus can provide reference for clinical decision-makers. However, higher-quality clinical practice guidelines for the Chinese population are needed to be developed in the future.
The patency of vascular access is of great significance to hemodialysis patients. Combining with guidelines and literature associated with vascular access for dialysis in recent years, the authors interpret the effectiveness and limitations of prophylactic drug strategies, including using fish oil, anticoagulation, anti-platelet, lipid-lowering agents, etc., in order to promote the proper use of these agents in clinical practice, and improve the effect of prophylaxis and treatment of vascular access dysfunction.