ObjectiveTo explorer the risk factors for acute exacerbation in patients with bronchiectasis within one year.MethodsFour hundred and twenty-two patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis hospitalized were enrolled in The East Region of the People’s hospital of Sichuan between October 2014 and October 2016. The patients’ clinical data were collected, and follow-up began at the time of discharged. The study endpoint was the first acute exacerbation, all patients were followed-up for one year after discharged. The patients were classified into two groups by the occurrence of acute exacerbation or no occurrence. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors for acute exacerbation with bronchiectasis.ResultsThe age, sick time, body mass index (BMI) less than 18.5 kg/m2, smoking index, expectoration, hemoptysis, dyspnea, moist sounds, wheezing sounds, types of imaging, CT scores, lung lesion site, sputum culture, whether infected Pseudomonas aeruginosa, level of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), level of serum PCT, serum albumin, arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure, types of respiratory failure, combined with chronic cor pulmonale differed significantly between the two groups (P<0.05), while gender, history of Infection, smoking, cough, chest pain, fever, clubbed-finger, white blood cell counts, neutrophil counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum globulins, arterial oxygen partial pressure did not significantly differ (P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis found that infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, BMI<18.5 kg/m2, high level of serum CRP, high level of arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), high CT score with bronchiectasis, combination with chronic cor pulmonale were risk factors for acute exacerbation in patients with bronchiectasis (P<0.05).ConclusionsInfection with pseudomonas aeruginosa, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, high serum CRP level, high arterial blood PaCO2 level, high CT score with bronchiectasis and combination of chronic cor pulmonale are risk factors for acute aggravation within 1 year for patients with bronchiectasis. Doctors can identify these risk factors and intervene early, so as to reduce the acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.MethodsDatabases including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, VIP, CNKI and WanFang Data were electronically searched from inception to August 2018 to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on ciprofloxacin in the treatment of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 9 RCTs involving 1 666 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: compared with control group, the ciprofloxacin more efficiently eradicate bacteria from sputum (RR=4.34, 95%CI 2.04 to 9.23, P=0.000 1), decrease risk of the exacerbations (RR=0.81, 95%CI 0.71 to 0.93, P=0.002) and the mean bacterial load (MD=–4.08, 95%CI –6.29 to –1.87, P=0.001). However, there were no significant differences between two groups in clinical efficiency and adverse events.ConclusionsThe current evidence shows that, ciprofloxacin can decrease the mean bacterial load and risk of the exacerbation, and more efficiently eradicate bacteria from sputum in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more studies are required to verify the conclusions.
Objective Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is characterized by anexaggerated reaction to airway colonization aspergillus which affects patients with underlying diseases such asbronchial asthma, cystic fibrosis or other respiratory diseases. ABPA exhibit significant heterogeneity due to theunderlying diseases. The clinical features of patients with ABPA were analyzed retrospectively, so as to explore theimpact of underlying diseases on clinical characteristics. Methods The clinical data of hospitalized patients diagnosed with ABPA from January 2010 to September 2019 in Peking University People's Hospital were reviewed for retrospective analysis. Results A total of 40 ABPA patients were enrolled. Of which 8 cases (20.0%) were previously diagnosed as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or bronchiectasis, named non-asthma group; while the other 32 cases met the diagnosis criteria of asthma, named asthma group. The non-asthma ABPA patients had a shorter course [78 (6 - 300) months vs. 192 (39 - 480) months, P=0.02], a higher percentage of peripheral blood neutrophils (79.9%±12.5% vs. 68.1%±18.1%, P=0.01) and higher score of emphysema [2 (0 - 2) vs. 0 (0 - 1), P=0.02] than the asthma group. Conclusions There is no significant difference in clinical and radiological characteristics between ABPA patients without asthma and those with asthma. The diagnosis of ABPA should also be considered when patients with chronic pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis have aggravation of dyspnea, increase of eosinophils in peripheral blood and typical imaging features such as mucus attenuation.
Objective To explore the causal relationship between the Collagen VI (COL6) family proteins COL6A1, A2, and A3 and bronchiectasis using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method.MethodsThe primary analysis was conducted using MR combined with summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis. COL6 family proteins were used as exposure data, and bronchiectasis was used as outcome data. Cis-protein quantitative trait locus (cis-pQTL) data were extracted for analysis, and the results were meta-analyzed. Subsequently, COL6A3-cis-pQTL data from the UK Biobank plasma proteome study were used for further validation. Colocalization analysis was also performed to further explore the association between COL6 proteins and bronchiectasis.Results MR and SMR results revealed a negative causal relationship between COL6A3 and bronchiectasis (p-MRmeta = 0.005, OR = 0.30; p-SMRmeta = 0.004, OR = 0.26). The validation phase also confirmed the negative causal relationship between COL6A3 and bronchiectasis (p-MRmeta = 0.000007, OR = 0.27; p-SMRmeta = 0.0003, OR = 0.29). Colocalization analysis supported the presence of a shared causal variant (rs972974) between COL6A3 and bronchiectasis (PP.H4 = 0.967/0.876).Conclusion There is an inverse causal relationship between COL6A3 and bronchiectasis. Low expression of COL6A3 increases the risk of developing bronchiectasis, making COL6A3 a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for drug development in bronchiectasis.
Objective To investigate the cardiovascular events (CVE) and survival status of patients with bronchiectasis (BE) during follow-up after acute exacerbation. Methods Prospective cohort study was used. Clinical data of 134 BE patients with acute exacerbation who were hospitalized from July 2016 to September 2020 were collected. The patients were followed up after discharge by phone or respiratory clinic every 3 months until November 2022. CVE or death was the endpoint event. Result During the follow-up period, 41 patients developed CVE, while 93 patients did not. Fifty-one patients died during the follow-up period, with a mortality rate of 38.06%. Among them, 41 cases of CVE resulted in 21 deaths, with a mortality rate of 51.22%; 30 cases died in 93 non-CVE patients, with a mortality rate of 32.26%. Logistic regression results showed significant influencing factors for CVE in BE patients were age, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and moderate to severe illness. The significant influencing factors for the death of BE patients were age, COPD, moderate and severe illness, and CVE events. The significant influencing factors for the death of CVE patients were age and receiving CVE treatment. The area under ROC curve (AUC) and 95%CI was 0.858 (0.729 - 0.970) for the warning model for CVE in BE patients. The AUC (95%CI) was 0.867 (0.800 - 0.927) for the warning model for death in BE patients. The AUC (95%CI) was 0.811 (0.640 - 0.976) for the warning model for death of CVE patients. Conclusions Population factors and comorbidities are risk factors for CVE in BE patients after acute exacerbation. The appearance of CVE worsens the long-term prognosis of BE patients. The corresponding warning models have high warning effectiveness with AUC>0.8.
ObjectiveTo describe the clinical characteristics of pulmonary nocardiosis associated with bronchiectasis and to evaluate the methods of diagnosis and treatment.MethodsClinical data of two patients with pulmonary nocardiosis and bronchiectasis were analyzed and the literature on the subject were reviewed.ResultsTwo female patients with bronchiectasis were respectively 55 and 62 years old, both of them presented with fever, cough, expectoration, and leukocytosis. Case 1 also complicated with respiratory failure and leukemoid reaction. Chest CT showed bilateral pulmonary multi-patchy consolidations with cavities in case 1 and unilateral pulmonary local consolidation without cavities in case 2. Sputum smears on modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining of both patients showed typical Nocardia hyphe. Sputum culture of case 1 showed Nocardia otitidiscaviarum, which was sensitive to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMZ/TMP), amikacin and moxifloxacin while resistant to ceftriaxone, imipenem and meropenem. Sputum culture of case 2 was negative. Case 1 was treated with SMZ/TMP + moxifloxacin + amikacin for 6 months, and case 2 treated with SMZ/TMP for 3 months. Both patients were clinically cured. Six case reports including 7 patients were searched, including 4 Chinese reports and 2 English reports. Most of them were reported individually. ConclusionsBronchiectasis is a risk factor for pulmonary nocardiosis, and the treatment of nocardiosis should accord with drug susceptibilities and severities of diseases. The prognoses of patients with pulmonary nocardiosis and bronchiectasis are relatively good.